An open-source, lockable mouse wheel for the accessible implementation of time- and distance-limited elective exercise

PAW, a cost-effective and open-source alternative to commercial rodent running wheels

Voluntary wheel running is a common measure of general activity in many rodent models across neuroscience and physiology. However, current commercial wheel monitoring systems can be cost-prohibitive to many investigators, with many of these systems requiring investments of thousands of dollars. In recent years, several open-source alternatives have been developed, and while these tools are much more cost effective than commercial system, they often lack the flexibility to be applied to a wide variety of projects. Here, we have developed PAW, a 3D Printable Arduino-based Wheel logger. PAW is wireless, fully self-contained, easy to assemble, and all components necessary for its production can be obtained for only $75 CAD. Furthermore, with its compact internal electronics, the 3D printed casing can be easily modified to be used with a wide variety of running wheel designs for a wide variety of rodent species. Data recorded with the PAW system shows circadian patterns of activity which is expected from mice and is consistent with results found in the literature. Altogether, PAW is a flexible, low-cost system that can be beneficial to a broad range of researchers who study rodent models.

Development and implementation of a Dependable, Simple, and Cost-effective (DSC), open-source running wheel in High Drinking in the Dark and Heterogeneous Stock/Northport mice

Maintaining healthy and consistent levels of physical activity (PA) is a clinically proven and low-cost means of reducing the onset of several chronic diseases and may provide an excellent strategy for managing mental health and related outcomes. Wheel-running (WR) is a well-characterized rodent model of voluntary PA; however, its use in biomedical research is limited by economical and methodical constraints. Here, we showcase the DSC (Dependable, Simple, Cost-effective), open-source running wheel by characterizing 24-h running patterns in two genetically unique mouse lines: inbred High Drinking in the Dark line 1 [iHDID-1; selectively bred to drink alcohol to intoxication (and then inbred to maintain phenotype)] and Heterogeneous Stock/Northport (HS/Npt; the genetically heterogeneous founders of iHDID mice). Running distance (km/day), duration (active minutes/day) and speed (km/hour) at 13-days (acute WR; Experiment 1) and 28-days (chronic WR; Experiment 2) were comparable to other mouse strains, suggesting the DSC-wheel reliably captures murine WR behavior. Analysis of 24-h running distance supports previous findings, wherein iHDID-1 mice tend to run less than HS/Npt mice in the early hours of the dark phase and more than HS/Npt in the late hours of dark phase/early light phase. Moreover, circadian actograms were generated to highlight the broad application of our wheel design across disciplines. Overall, the present findings demonstrate the ability of the DSC-wheel to function as a high-throughput and precise tool to comprehensively measure WR behaviors in mice.

Development of an Open Face Home Cage Running Wheel for Testing Activity-Based Anorexia and Other Applications

Running wheels for mice residing in the home cage are useful for the continuous measurement of locomotor activity for studies testing exercise interventions or exercise-induced effects on brain and metabolism. Here, we have developed an open source, printable, open-faced running wheel that is automated to collect locomotor information such as distance traveled, wheel direction, and velocity that can be binned into epochs over 24 h or multiple days. This system allows for remote data collection to avoid human interference in mouse behavioral experiments. We tested this system in an activity-based anorexia procedure. Using these wheels, we replicate previous findings that food restriction augments wheel-running activity.