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Ferrante P. The First Two Years of COVID-19 Hospitalization Characteristics and Costs: Results from the National Discharge Registry. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:958. [PMID: 38786370 PMCID: PMC11121639 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as the primary global health challenge of the new millennium. Understanding its impact on health systems and learning from these experiences are crucial for improving system resilience against future health crises. This paper examines hospitalizations related to COVID-19 in Italy from 2020 to 2021, with a specific focus on the costs associated with these admissions. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a retrospective, population-based study of Italian hospitalizations of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the 2020-2021 period, using data extracted from the National Hospital Discharge Registry. The outcome variables considered include hospital admissions, costs, and length of stay. RESULTS In Italy, hospitalizations for COVID-19 totaled 357,354 in 2020 and 399,043 in 2021, with the transfer rate being three times higher than that of other patients. Hospitalizations were predominantly concentrated in the northern regions, especially during the first year. Mortality rates increased with age, while hospitalization rates peaked in the youngest and oldest age groups. The financial impact of COVID-19 hospitalizations was approximately €3.1 billion in 2020 and €3.6 billion in 2021. The cost per admission was around €8000 for standard care and €24,000 for intensive therapy in both years. CONCLUSION Conducting a cost-benefit analysis of implementing a protective pad around the entire health system, which leverages networks of family doctors and nurses connected in real-time, could be an important step in strengthening health system resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Ferrante
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Stefano Gradi 55, 00143 Rome, Italy
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Rocha-Filho CR, Ramalho GS, Martins JWL, Lucchetta RC, Pinto ACPN, da Rocha AP, Trevisani GFM, Reis FSDA, Ferla LJ, Mastroianni PDC, Correa L, Saconato H, Trevisani VFM. Economic burden of respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses in children of upper-middle-income countries: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2023; 99:537-545. [PMID: 37247828 PMCID: PMC10594008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and assess the current evidence available about the costs of managing hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PIV3) in upper-middle-income countries. METHODS The authors conducted a systematic review across seven key databases from database inception to July 2022. Costs extracted were converted into 2022 International Dollars using the Purchasing Power Parity-adjusted. PROSPERO identifier: CRD42020225757. RESULTS No eligible study for PIV3 was recovered. For RSV, cost analysis and COI studies were performed for populations in Colombia, China, Malaysia, and Mexico. Comparing the total economic impact, the lowest cost per patient at the pediatric ward was observed in Malaysia ($ 347.60), while the highest was in Colombia ($ 709.66). On the other hand, at pediatric ICU, the lowest cost was observed in China ($ 1068.26), while the highest was in Mexico ($ 3815.56). Although there is no consensus on the major cost driver, all included studies described that the medications (treatment) consumed over 30% of the total cost. A high rate of inappropriate prescription drugs was observed. CONCLUSION The present study highlighted how RSV infection represents a substantial economic burden to health care systems and to society. The findings of the included studies suggest a possible association between baseline risk status and expenditures. Moreover, it was observed that an important amount of the cost is destinated to treatments that have no evidence or support in most clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Ramos Rocha-Filho
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Baseada em Evidências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Sodré Ramalho
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Graduação em Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Johnny Wallef Leite Martins
- Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosa Camila Lucchetta
- Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Departamento de Sustentabilidade e Responsabilidade Social, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Baseada em Evidências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Universidade Federal do Amapá, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Macapá, AP, Brazil
| | - Aline Pereira da Rocha
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Baseada em Evidências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Laura Jantsch Ferla
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Graduação em Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Carvalho Mastroianni
- Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de São Paulo, Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Luci Correa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Infectologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Saconato
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Emergência e Medicina Baseada em Evidências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Virgínia Fernandes Moça Trevisani
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Baseada em Evidências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade de Santo Amaro, Faculdade de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Disciplina de Emergência e Medicina Baseada em Evidências, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ashman Kröönström L, Lundgren-Nilsson Å, Kjellby-Wendt G, Stibrant Sunnerhagen K. Symptoms, care consumption, and healthcare costs in hospitalized patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291548. [PMID: 37708157 PMCID: PMC10501636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess symptomatology post discharge from the hospital in patients with COVID-19 treated during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to follow care consumption and healthcare costs six months post discharge. METHODS This study was a descriptive observational study over time. Data were retrieved from the Sahlgrenska University (SU) hospital registry for patients admitted to an SU hospital during March 2020 to August 2020. Of these, 1014 received a questionnaire approximately six weeks post discharge regarding symptoms. Data regarding care consumption were retrieved from the registry in the Region Västra Götaland for 529 (52.2%) patients who completed the questionnaire. Of these, 466 patients were included in the analysis of care consumption. RESULTS There was a reported decrease in mobility from admission to discharge in both men (p = 0.02) and women (p = 0.01). The costs of inpatient care amounted to a total of 9 601 459.20 Euro (EUR). Symptoms were reported in 436 (93.6%) patients post discharge, of which weight loss during COVID-19 was most common in both men (n = 220, 77.5%) and women (n = 107, 58.8%). During six-month follow-up, 409 (87%) patients consumed care. Of the registered visits, 868 (27.1%) were related to a COVID-19 diagnosis. The total sum of outpatient care (i.e. visits with a registered COVID-19 diagnosis) was 77 311.30 EUR. CONCLUSIONS At discharge from the hospital, there was a decrease in mobility. Most patients had remaining sequelae post discharge. At six months post discharge, nearly 90% of patients had consumed care, with approximately 20% related to COVID-19. This indicates a persisting need for rehabilitation post discharge from hospital in patients treated for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ashman Kröönström
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Occupational and Physical Therapy Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Lundgren-Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Kjellby-Wendt
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Occupational and Physical Therapy Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina Stibrant Sunnerhagen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Section of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Trentini F, Ciani O, Vanni E, Ghislandi S, Torbica A, Azzolini E, Melegaro A. A repeated cross-sectional analysis on the economic impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at the hospital level in Italy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12386. [PMID: 37524912 PMCID: PMC10390582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Italy was the first country in Europe to be hit by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Little research has been conducted to understand the economic impact of providing care for SARS-CoV-2 patients during the pandemic. Our study aims to quantify the incremental healthcare costs for hospitalizations associated to being discharged before or after the first SARS-CoV-2 case was notified in Italy, and to a positive or negative SARS-CoV-2 notified infection. We used data on hospitalizations for 9 different diagnosis related groups at a large Italian Research Hospital with discharge date between 1st January, 2018 and 31st December 2021. The median overall costs for a hospitalization increased from 2410EUR (IQR: 1588-3828) before the start of the pandemic, to 2645EUR (IQR: 1885-4028) and 3834EUR (IQR: 2463-6413) during the pandemic, respectively for patients SARS-CoV-2 negative and positive patients. Interestingly, according to results of a generalized linear model, the highest increases in the average costs sustained for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with respect to patients discharged before the pandemic was found among those with diagnoses unrelated to COVID-19, i.e. kidney and urinary tract infections with CC (59.71%), intracranial hemorrhage or cerebral infarction (53.33), and pulmonary edema and respiratory failure (47.47%). Our study highlights the economic burden during the COVID-19 pandemic on the hospital system in Italy based on individual patient data. These results contribute to the to the debate around the efficiency of the healthcare services provision during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Trentini
- Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, 1 Roentgen St., Milan, Italy.
- Covid Crisis Lab, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy.
- Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy.
| | - Oriana Ciani
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Vanni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Ghislandi
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Torbica
- Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Azzolini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Melegaro
- Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, 1 Roentgen St., Milan, Italy
- Covid Crisis Lab, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Social and Political Sciences, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
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Ardekani A, Fereidooni R, Heydari ST, Ghahramani S, Shahabi S, Bagheri Lankarani K. The association of patient-reported social determinants of health and hospitalization rate: A scoping review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1124. [PMID: 36846535 PMCID: PMC9944244 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The interplay between social determinants of health (SDOH) and hospitalization is significant as targeted interventions can improve the social status of the individuals. This interrelation has been historically overlooked in health care. In the present study, we reviewed studies in which the association between patient-reported social risks and hospitalization rate was assessed. Method We performed a scoping literature review of articles published until September 1, 2022 without time limit. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to find relevant studies using terms representing "social determinants of health" and "hospitalization." Forward and backward reference checking was done for the included studies. All studies that used patient-reported data as a proxy of social risks to determine the association between social risks and hospitalization rates were included. The screening and data extraction processes were done independently by two authors. In case of disagreement, senior authors were consulted. Results Our search process retrieved a total of 14,852 records. After the duplicate removal and screening process, eight studies met the eligibility criteria, all of which were published from 2020 to 2022. The sample size of the studies ranged from 226 to 56,155 participants. All eight studies investigated the impact of food security on hospitalization, and six investigated economic status. In three studies, latent class analysis was applied to divide participants based on their social risks. Seven studies found a statistically significant association between social risks and hospitalization rates. Conclusion Individuals with social risk factors are more susceptible to hospitalization. There is a need for a paradigm shift to meet these needs and reduce the number of preventable hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ardekani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Reza Fereidooni
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Sulmaz Ghahramani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Saeed Shahabi
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of HealthShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Lopez-Villegas A, Bautista-Mesa RJ, Acosta-Robles P, Hidalgo-Serrano D, Aguirre-Ortega FJ, Castellano-Ortega MA, Mollo MM, Leal-Costa C, Peiro S. Analysis of Healthcare Costs Incurred in Regional Hospitals in Andalusia (Spain) during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16132. [PMID: 36498203 PMCID: PMC9735610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The global health crisis caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to extreme overloading of different public healthcare systems worldwide. The Spanish Public Healthcare System is one of them. This study aimed to conduct a comparative cost analysis to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small- and medium-sized regional hospitals in Andalusia (Spain). (2) Methods: This comparative, multicentre, observational, and retrospective study was designed to perform a comparative cost analysis between the Alto Guadalquivir Health Agency (AGHA) and Poniente University Hospital (PUH), both of which belong to the Spanish Public Health System (PHS). The data included in this study corresponds to the total costs by area and year incurred by the 61,335 patients from both healthcare institutions (AGHA = 36,110; PUH = 25,225) in the areas of hospital emergency service (HES), hospitalisation, and intensive care unit (ICU), during the 24 months of the study period (from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020). (3) Results: The analysis results showed a significant increase in costs incurred in 2020 for HES relative to those incurred in 2019 for both AGHA (+14%; p < 0.003) and PUH (+36%; p = 0.002). Additionally, costs incurred for ICU increased significantly in 2020 relative to those incurred in 2019 for both AGHA (+30%; p = 0.003) and PUH (+46%; p = 0.002). Hospitalisation costs for AGHA also increased significantly (+9%; p < 0.012) in 2020 versus those obtained in 2019; however, no significant differences were found for PUH (+6%; p = 1) in the same period analysed. However, the number of patients treated in the areas of HES, hospitalisation, and ICU was significantly reduced throughout 2020 compared to 2019. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show that the costs incurred during 2020 in the regional hospitals of Andalusia (Spain) increased significantly in most of the parameters analysed relative to those incurred in the year before the pandemic (i.e., 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lopez-Villegas
- Laboratory for Research, Education and Planning in Critical and Intensive Care Medicine, CTS-609 Research Group, Poniente University Hospital, 04700 El Ejido, Spain
| | | | | | - David Hidalgo-Serrano
- Economic Directorate and General Services, Poniente University Hospital, 04700 El Ejido, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Marta Mollo
- Management Control Unit, Alto Guadalquivir Health Agency, 23740 Andujar, Spain
| | - Cesar Leal-Costa
- Nursing Department, University of Murcia, El Palmar, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Peiro
- Health Services Research Unit, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain
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Liu Z, Gao L, Xue C, Zhao C, Liu T, Tia A, Wang L, Sun J, Li Z, Harding D. Epidemiological Trends of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Sierra Leone From March 2020 to October 2021. Front Public Health 2022; 10:949425. [PMID: 35844842 PMCID: PMC9276960 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.949425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a serious public health challenge the world over, has led to significant health concerns in Sierra Leone. In the present study, epidemic indices, such as the number of cases, positivity rate, reproduction rate (R0), case fatality rate (CFR), age, and sex, were used to characterize the epidemiological trends of COVID-19. As of October 31, 2021, a total of 6,398 cases and 121 related deaths had been confirmed. The total number of COVID-19 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests conducted to October 31, 2021, was 249,534, and the average positivity rate was 2.56%. Three waves of COVID-19 were recorded, occurring during weeks 15–46 in 2020 (2,369 cases), week 47 in 2020 to week 16 in 2021 (1,665 cases), and weeks 17–43 in 2021 (2,364 cases), respectively. Remarkably, there was no increase in the numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases despite rising test numbers throughout the three waves. Moreover, three high R0 values were observed before each wave. The number of positive cases significantly correlated with positive numbers of international arrivals (P < 0.01), deaths (P < 0.01), and the positivity rate of tested samples (P < 0.01). Moreover, all of the deaths occurred during the peak of the three waves. Our results indicate that there was a low level of COVID-19 epidemic in Sierra Leone and that COVID-19's introduction led to local transmission. It is vital to fight against the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from the source of origin by strengthening testing and management of people entering the country. Our findings will provide important clues for expanding sample screening and will contribute to the reasonable allocation of medical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Liping Gao
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chuizhao Xue
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunchun Zhao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Tiezhu Liu
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Alie Tia
- Sierra Leone-China Friendship Biological Safety Laboratory, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Junling Sun
| | - Zhenjun Li
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Zhenjun Li
| | - Doris Harding
- Central Public Health Reference Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Doris Harding
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D’Amato M, Iadarola P, Viglio S. Proteomic Analysis of Human Sputum for the Diagnosis of Lung Disorders: Where Are We Today? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105692. [PMID: 35628501 PMCID: PMC9144372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of markers of inflammatory activity at the early stages of pulmonary diseases which share common characteristics that prevent their clear differentiation is of great significance to avoid misdiagnosis, and to understand the intrinsic molecular mechanism of the disorder. The combination of electrophoretic/chromatographic methods with mass spectrometry is currently a promising approach for the identification of candidate biomarkers of a disease. Since the fluid phase of sputum is a rich source of proteins which could provide an early diagnosis of specific lung disorders, it is frequently used in these studies. This report focuses on the state-of-the-art of the application, over the last ten years (2011-2021), of sputum proteomics in the investigation of severe lung disorders such as COPD; asthma; cystic fibrosis; lung cancer and those caused by COVID-19 infection. Analysis of the complete set of proteins found in sputum of patients affected by these disorders has allowed the identification of proteins whose levels change in response to the organism's condition. Understanding proteome dynamism may help in associating these proteins with alterations in the physiology or progression of diseases investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura D’Amato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.V.)
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.V.)
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