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Long L, Lv L, Qiu J, Sun D, Wei S, Wan X, Gao C. Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality for premium Wangmo Castanea mollissima plants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295691. [PMID: 38085713 PMCID: PMC10715654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the fruit phenotype and quality of 32 superior Wangmo Castanea mollissima plants (designated GM1 to GM32) were examined to identify the trait characteristics of different cluster groups and germplasms with excellent comprehensive performance. The goal was to provide a theoretical basis and research foundation for collecting high-quality germplasm resources and breeding superior cultivars of Wangmo C. mollissima. Ten fruit phenotypic traits and 13 quality traits were measured and analyzed in these 32 superior Wangmo C. mollissima plants. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to perform a comprehensive evaluation. Extremely significant positive correlations (P<0.01) were observed for 15 pairs of fruit phenotypic and quality traits, and significant positive correlations (P<0.05) were observed for 16 pairs of traits. Highly significant negative correlations (P<0.01) were observed for 4 pairs of fruit phenotypic and quality traits, and significant negative correlations (P<0.05) were observed for 15 pairs. The plants were divided into three groups by cluster analysis: the first group had large fruits and good fruit quality, the second group had small fruits and poor fruit quality, and the third group had medium-sized fruits with a high starch content. Four principal components were extracted from the 23 traits by PCA, contributing 76.23% of the variance. The ten plants with the highest comprehensive quality were GM32, GM31, GM29, GM1, GM8, GM17, GM10, GM30, GM3 and GM28. The results of this study provide a reference for the development and utilization of Wangmo C. mollissima germplasm resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Long
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lingling Lv
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dongchan Sun
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shangfeng Wei
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xianqin Wan
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Zheng Y, Feng M, Li X, Huang X, Chen G, Bai W, Xu X, Li J, Li X, Leng B, Sun H, He C, Chen Y. Phenotypic Variation Analysis and Excellent Clone Selection of Alnus cremastogyne from Different Provenances. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3259. [PMID: 37765423 PMCID: PMC10535346 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Alnus cremastogyne is a rapidly growing broad-leaved tree species that is widely distributed in southwest China. It has a significant economic and ecological value. However, with the expansion of the planting area, the influence of phenotypic variation and differentiation on Alnus cremastogyne has increased, resulting in a continuous decline in its genetic quality. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the phenotypic variation of Alnus cremastogyne and select excellent breeding materials for genetic improvement. Herein, four growth-related phenotypic traits (diameter at breast height, the height of trees, volume, height under the branches) and twelve reproductive-related phenotypic traits (fresh weight of single cone, dry weight of single cone, seed weight per plant, thousand kernel weight, cone length, cone width, cone length × cone width, fruit shape index, seed rate, germination rate, germination potential, germination index) of 40 clones from four provenances were measured and analyzed. The phenotypic variation was comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, and excellent clones were selected as breeding materials. The results revealed that there were abundant phenotypic traits variations among and within provenances. Most of the phenotypic traits were highly significant differences (p < 0.01) among provenances. The phenotypic variation among provenances (26.36%) was greater than that of within provenances clones (24.80%). The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient was accounted for 52.61% among provenances, indicating that the phenotypic variation mainly came from among provenances. The coefficient of variation ranged from 9.41% (fruit shape index) to 97.19% (seed weight per plant), and the repeatability ranged from 0.36 (volume) to 0.77 (cone width). Correlation analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation among most phenotypic traits. In principal component analysis, the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 79.18%, representing the main information on the measured phenotypic traits. The cluster analysis revealed four groups for the 40 clones. Group I and group II exhibited better performance phenotypic traits as compared with group III and group IV. In addition, the four groups are not clearly clustered following the distance from the provenance. Employing the multi-trait comprehensive evaluation method, 12 excellent clones were selected, and the average genetic gain for each phenotypic trait ranged from 4.78% (diameter at breast height) to 32.05% (dry weight of single cone). These selected excellent clones can serve as candidate materials for the improvement and transformation of Alnus cremastogyne seed orchards. In addition, this study can also provide a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement, breeding, and clone selection of Alnus cremastogyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Maosong Feng
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xingyan Huang
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Bai
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueju Xu
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bin Leng
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Chunyan He
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yunjie Chen
- College of Forest, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (X.L.); (X.H.); (G.C.); (W.B.); (X.X.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (B.L.); (H.S.); (C.H.); (Y.C.)
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Zhu Y, Liang D, Song Z, Tan Y, Guo X, Wang D. Genetic Diversity Analysis and Core Germplasm Collection Construction of Camellia oleifera Based on Fruit Phenotype and SSR Data. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122351. [PMID: 36553618 PMCID: PMC9777545 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Camellia oleifera germplasm resources were collected from Guizhou Province, but the fruit morphological variation and genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasm resources remain unclear. The genetic diversity of C. oleifera germplasms resources in Guizhou was studied based on fruit traits and simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers to build a core collection. This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the collection, management, development, and utilization of C. oleifera resources in Guizhou province. The variation coefficients among and within varieties of seven fruit phenotypic traits of C. oleifera ranged from 11.79% to 61.76% and from 8.15% to 42.31%, respectively, showing rich phenotypic variation. Furthermore, 12 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity. These primers generated 214 polymorphic bands, and the average number was 17.833. The average number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon's information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and major allele frequency (MAF) were 8.999, 2.301, 0.965, 0.50, 0.836, and 0.238, respectively. The results showed that 12 SSR markers had high polymorphism, and the genetic diversity of 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources was high. Based on SSR molecular marker information and fruit traits clustering, 167 C. oleifera germplasm resources were divided into three groups. When constructing core collections based on fruit traits and molecular marker information, the PowerCore-25 of core collections greatly preserves fruit traits and improves genetic diversity. This paper can provide a reference for the genetic diversity and fruit traits variation of C. camellia germplasm resources in Guizhou Province. It is significant for establishing a core collection, thus promoting germplasm innovation and the development of the oil tea industry in Guizhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzheng Zhu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Deyang Liang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zejun Song
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Tan
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaolan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Delu Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence:
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