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Sato S, Hashimoto Y, Sakamoto A, Nakano S, Yoshimura M, Yamanokuchi T, Yoshitomi T. Changes in Retinal Hemodynamics in the Optic Nerve Head of Healthy Participants Measured Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy after a Cold Pressor Test. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 38:147-155. [PMID: 38476060 PMCID: PMC11016682 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Autoregulation of retinal vessels is stronger than that of choroidal vessels. This study aimed to use laser speckle flowgraphy to determine the time course of changes in retinal hemodynamics of healthy eyes after a cold pressor test. METHODS This prospective study included 44 right eyes of 44 healthy volunteers (age, 21.7 ± 5.0 years). The mean blur rate, which is a quantitative index of the relative blood flow velocity in the retina, was measured using laser speckle flowgraphy. The vessel average of mean blur rate at the optic nerve head, intraocular pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, heart rate, and ocular perfusion pressure were evaluated at baseline, immediately after the cold pressor test, and 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the test. RESULTS Immediately after the test (0 minutes), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, and ocular perfusion pressure were significantly increased compared with those at baseline; however, no changes were observed at 10, 20, and 30 minutes after the test. In contrast, intraocular pressure, heart rate, and the vascular mean blur rate values at the optic nerve head did not change throughout the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS Sympathetic hyperactivity induced by the cold pressor test increased systemic circulatory dynamics, but not retinal circulatory hemodynamics, suggesting the involvement of vascular autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Ami Sakamoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Suzuka Nakano
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Miki Yoshimura
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yamanokuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka,
Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshitomi
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka,
Japan
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Toh N, Hashimoto Y, Kuwahara F, Yoshimura M, Imabayashi S, Yoshitomi T. Choroidal Thickness Increases During Parasympathetic Dominance After Immersion of the Foot in Warm Water. Cureus 2024; 16:e53194. [PMID: 38425624 PMCID: PMC10902740 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the course of changes in choroidal morphology after immersion of the foot in warm water at 40°C using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). METHODS Forty-three right eyes of 43 healthy participants were included. Changes in choroidal morphology were determined using EDI-OCT to evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT). Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures (SBP, DBP, and MBP, respectively) were also measured to determine systemic circulatory dynamics at baseline, immediately after immersion (0 min), and 10, 20, and 30 min after immersion. RESULTS Immediately after immersion, SBP, DBP, and MBP were significantly declined versus baseline. In contrast, the SCT was significantly increased after warm water immersion. However, all these parameters did not change significantly compared to the baseline within 30 min. CONCLUSION In the normal eye, parasympathetic nerve activity induced by warming stimuli increases choroidal morphology in response to a decrease in systemic circulatory activity, which normalizes within 30 min. The findings of this study may provide basic data for the prevention and treatment of various choroidal diseases in which sympathetic hyperactivity is involved in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Toh
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Fuka Kuwahara
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Miki Yoshimura
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Sakurako Imabayashi
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Takeshi Yoshitomi
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
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Kurahashi K, Hashimoto Y, Shiraishi K, Kubota N, Yoshitomi T. Choroidal Morphology and Systemic Circulation Changes During the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Japanese Women. Cureus 2023; 15:e48124. [PMID: 38046755 PMCID: PMC10691935 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Changes in systemic circulatory dynamics and choroidal thickness are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the time course of changes in choroidal morphology during normal menstrual cycles in healthy women using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study included 15 left eyes of 15 healthy Japanese women (mean age, 20.2 ± 0.8 years) with a normal menstrual cycle. Using EDI-OCT, the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) was manually measured during the late follicular and mid-luteal phases. Intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure (SBP, DBP, and MBP), and heart rate (HR) were also evaluated during these phases. RESULTS SBP, DBP, and MBP were significantly elevated in the mid-luteal phase. The average SCT was significantly decreased in the mid-luteal phase. In contrast, there were no significant changes in IOP or HR. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that choroidal thickness decreases during the mid-luteal phase in healthy Japanese women with normal menstrual cycles depending on systemic circulatory dynamics. However, since the difference in the SCT values between the late follicular and the mid-luteal phase is not large (7 μm), the menstrual cycle may have little influence on the interpretation of choroidal thickness data in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Kurahashi
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Kanon Shiraishi
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Nonoka Kubota
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Takeshi Yoshitomi
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
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Kuwahara F, Hashimoto Y, Toh N, Imabayashi S, Sakamoto A, Shiraishi K, Igawa R, Yoshitomi T. Parasympathetic Dominance Decreases the Choroidal Blood Flow Velocity Measured Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy. Cureus 2023; 15:e46996. [PMID: 38021823 PMCID: PMC10640924 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the changes to choroidal blood flow velocity using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in healthy eyes after warm water immersion at 40°C. METHODS Data regarding the right eyes of 23 healthy volunteers were included. The mean blur rate (MBR) of the macula, which represents the choroidal blood flow velocity, was evaluated using LSFG. Intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and MBR were assessed at baseline, immediately after immersion (0 minutes), and 10, 20, and 30 minutes later. RESULTS At 0 minutes, SBP, DBP, MBP, and OPP values were lower than those at baseline. The MBR significantly declined immediately after immersion to -6.0 ± 5.2%. However, there were no changes in these parameters after 10, 20, or 30 minutes. A significant positive correlation was observed between the MBR, SBP, DBP, MBP, and OPP values. In healthy individuals, the dominant parasympathetic activity induced by warm stimulation reduced the choroidal hemodynamic rate in the macula and decreased systemic circulatory dynamics, which normalized after 10 minutes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the dominant parasympathetic activity induced by warm water immersion at 40°C may lead to a reduction in the systemic circulation rate and choroidal blood flow rate in the macula. These findings may help prevent and treat various retinal choroidal diseases, in which sympathetic hyperactivity is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuka Kuwahara
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Natsumi Toh
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Sakurako Imabayashi
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Ami Sakamoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Kanon Shiraishi
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Rena Igawa
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
| | - Takeshi Yoshitomi
- Department of Orthoptics, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, JPN
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Imabayashi S, Hashimoto Y, Ishimaru Y, Umemoto R, Chiyozono M, Yamanokuchi T, Yoshitomi T. Changes in Choroidal Circulation Hemodynamics Measured Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy after a Cold Pressor Test in Young Healthy Participants. Tomography 2023; 9:790-797. [PMID: 37104135 PMCID: PMC10146766 DOI: 10.3390/tomography9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), we investigated the time course of changes in choroidal circulation hemodynamics after a cold pressor test in healthy eyes. This prospective study included the right eye of 19 young healthy participants. The macular mean blur rate (MBR) was measured with LSFG. The MBR, intraocular pressure (IOP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) were evaluated at baseline; immediately after the test and 10, 20, and 30 min later. Immediately after the test (0 min), SBP, DBP, MBP, and OPP were significantly elevated compared with those at baseline. The macular MBR significantly increased by +10.3 ± 7.1% immediately after the test. However, there was no change after 10, 20, and 30 min in the above parameter. A significant positive correlation of the macular MBR with the SBP, MBP, and OPP was observed. In young healthy individuals, increased sympathetic activity induced by a cold pressor test increases choroidal hemodynamics in the macula along with an increase in systemic circulatory dynamics, which normalizes after 10 min. Therefore, LSFG may provide a novel approach for assessing sympathetic activity and intrinsic vascular responsiveness in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakurako Imabayashi
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Momochihama 3-6-40, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0001, Japan
| | - Yuki Hashimoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Momochihama 3-6-40, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0001, Japan
| | - Yumi Ishimaru
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Momochihama 3-6-40, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0001, Japan
| | - Rino Umemoto
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Momochihama 3-6-40, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0001, Japan
| | - Miho Chiyozono
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Momochihama 3-6-40, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0001, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yamanokuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Momochihama 3-6-40, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0001, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshitomi
- Department of Orthoptics, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Momochihama 3-6-40, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0001, Japan
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Cardiovascular Function in Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle in Healthy Women of Reproductive Age. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195861. [PMID: 36233728 PMCID: PMC9572726 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sex hormones influence the cardiovascular (CV) function in women. However, it is uncertain whether their physiological variation related to the regular menstrual cycle affects the CV system. We studied changes in the hemodynamic profile and body’s water content and their relation to sex hormone concentration in healthy women during the menstrual cycle. Material and methods: Forty-five adult women were examined during the early follicular, late follicular, and mid-luteal phases of the same menstrual cycle. The hemodynamic profile was estimated non-invasively by cardiac impedance while water content was estimated by total body impedance. Results were compared with repeated measures ANOVA with post-test, if applicable. Results: There were no significant changes in most hemodynamic and water content parameters between the menstrual cycle phases in healthy women. Left ventricular ejection time differed significantly among phases of the menstrual cycle, with shorter values in the mid-luteal phase (308.4 vs. 313.52 ms, p < 0.05) compared to the late follicular phase. However, the clinical relevance of such small differences is negligible. Conclusions: Changes in sex hormones during the physiological menstrual cycle appear to have no considerable effect on healthy women’s hemodynamic function and water accumulation.
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