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Pavy F, Torta DM, von Leupoldt A. The effect of unpredictability on the perception of breathlessness: a narrative review. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 4:1339072. [PMID: 38264214 PMCID: PMC10803486 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1339072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Breathlessness is an aversive bodily sensation impacting millions of people worldwide. It is often highly detrimental for patients and can lead to profound distress and suffering. Notably, unpredictable breathlessness episodes are often reported as being more severe and unpleasant than predictable episodes, but the underlying reasons have not yet been firmly established in experimental studies. This review aimed to summarize the available empirical evidence about the perception of unpredictable breathlessness in the adult population. Specifically, we examined: (1) effects of unpredictable relative to predictable episodes of breathlessness on their perceived intensity and unpleasantness, (2) potentially associated neural and psychophysiological correlates, (3) potentially related factors such as state and trait negative affectivity. Nine studies were identified and integrated in this review, all of them conducted in healthy adult participants. The main finding across studies suggested that unpredictable compared to predictable, breathlessness elicits more frequently states of high fear and distress, which may contribute to amplify the perception of unpredictable breathlessness, especially its unpleasantness. Trait negative affectivity did not seem to directly affect the perception of unpredictable breathlessness. However, it seemed to reinforce state fear and anxiety, hence possible indirect modulatory pathways through these affective states. Studies investigating neural correlates of breathlessness perception and psychophysiological measures did not show clear associations with unpredictability. We discuss the implication of these results for future research and clinical applications, which necessitate further investigations, especially in clinical samples suffering from breathlessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Pavy
- Research Group Health Psychology, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Draschkow D, Anderson NC, David E, Gauge N, Kingstone A, Kumle L, Laurent X, Nobre AC, Shiels S, Võ MLH. Using XR (Extended Reality) for Behavioral, Clinical, and Learning Sciences Requires Updates in Infrastructure and Funding. POLICY INSIGHTS FROM THE BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES 2023; 10:317-323. [PMID: 37900910 PMCID: PMC10602770 DOI: 10.1177/23727322231196305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Extended reality (XR, including augmented and virtual reality) creates a powerful intersection between information technology and cognitive, clinical, and education sciences. XR technology has long captured the public imagination, and its development is the focus of major technology companies. This article demonstrates the potential of XR to (1) deliver behavioral insights, (2) transform clinical treatments, and (3) improve learning and education. However, without appropriate policy, funding, and infrastructural investment, many research institutions will struggle to keep pace with the advances and opportunities of XR. To realize the full potential of XR for basic and translational research, funding should incentivize (1) appropriate training, (2) open software solutions, and (3) collaborations between complementary academic and industry partners. Bolstering the XR research infrastructure with the right investments and incentives is vital for delivering on the potential for transformative discoveries, innovations, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Draschkow
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola C. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Erwan David
- Department of Psychology, Scene Grammar Lab, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nathan Gauge
- OxSTaR Oxford Simulation Teaching and Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan Kingstone
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Levi Kumle
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xavier Laurent
- Centre for Teaching and Learning, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna C. Nobre
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Sally Shiels
- OxSTaR Oxford Simulation Teaching and Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melissa L.-H. Võ
- Department of Psychology, Scene Grammar Lab, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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