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Oertel J, Sharif S, Zygourakis C, Sippl C. Acute low back pain: Epidemiology, etiology, and prevention: WFNS spine committee recommendations. World Neurosurg X 2024; 22:100313. [PMID: 38510335 PMCID: PMC10951075 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2024.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute low back pain is a highly prevalent condition that poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. In this manuscript, we present the most current, evidence-based guidelines from the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Spine Committee on the epidemiology, etiology, and prevention of acute low back pain (LBP) lasting ≤ 4 weeks. Methods We performed a literature review 2012-2022 using the PubMed, Medline, and CENTRAL databases with the keywords "acute low back pain", "acute back pain", "low back pain", "epidemiology", "etiology", "costs", "risk factor", "cultural", "developed", "developing" and "prevention". Systematic screening criteria were applied, resulting in 13 final articles on epidemiology and etiology of LBP, 2 manuscripts on costs, 5 articles on risk factors, and 23 articles on prevention strategies for acute LBP. These were presented at two separate international meetings, where members of the WFNS Spine Committee voted on five final consensus statements presented here. Results and Conclusions: There is a high incidence and prevalence of acute LBP, particularly in high-income countries, which is felt to be at least partially due to demographic shifts with an aging population and lifestyle changes including higher rates of obesity and physical inactivity. Acute LBP has a significant impact on quality of life and ability to work, resulting in high direct and indirect costs worldwide. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of acute LBP is recommended to prevent this pain from turning into chronic LBP. The WFNS Spine Committee's recommendations respresent the latest guidelies to help improve patient care for acute LBP worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Centre, Kirrbergerstrasse 100, Gebaeude 90.5, 66421 Homburg Saar, Germany
| | - Salman Sharif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaqat National Hospital and Medical School, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Corinna Zygourakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Sippl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Centre, Kirrbergerstrasse 100, Gebaeude 90.5, 66421 Homburg Saar, Germany
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Martineau DB, Fornasini M, Suárez D, Paz M, Valarezo C, Loor E, Guerrero M, Baldeon ME. Epidemiology of non-oncological high-impact chronic pain in Ecuadorian adults in 2022. Pain Manag 2023; 13:689-699. [PMID: 38193278 DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2023-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: There are limited data on non-oncological high-impact chronic pain (HICP) in Ecuador; we report the epidemiological characteristics of HICP. Materials & methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included a random sample of adult individuals who had cell phones. Results & conclusion: The weighted prevalence of HICP was 9.0%: 12.3% for women and 5.6% for men (p = 0.001). HICP was more frequently localized in the lower back and affected the economically active population. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were more commonly used; however, 61% of patients indicated that the effectiveness of their management was low. Overall, HICP had a negative impact on daily life activities. The effectiveness of the current treatment was low and should include an integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora B Martineau
- Postgrado de Anestesiología en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE) Quito, Ecuador
- Postgrago de Anestesiología y Neurocirugia en la Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito Ecuador
| | - Marco Fornasini
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Suárez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mario Paz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cinthia Valarezo
- Postgrado de Anestesiología en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE) Quito, Ecuador
| | - Enrique Loor
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Manuel E Baldeon
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Varela T, Zamorano P, Rodriguez MV, Espinoza M. Integrating Noncancer Chronic Pain to Multimorbidity: A Real Practice Challenge in Chile. Value Health Reg Issues 2023; 38:45-46. [PMID: 37467539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is, and continues to be, a global problem that affects people with multimorbidity. The objective is to comment on the gap in Chile in integrating multimorbidity and CNCP in the real practice context despite the advances in public policies and local evidence revealed. Therefore, a pilot is responding to this problem by implementing an approach to incorporate into a multimorbidity comprehensive approach the assessment of CNCP and adding nonmedical services. It is expected to evaluate its impact on the performance of the health system, as well as on people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita Varela
- Center for Health Innovation ANCORA UC, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Zamorano
- Center for Health Innovation ANCORA UC, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Health Technology Assessment Unit, Centro de Investigación Clínica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maria Victoria Rodriguez
- Department of Family Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Pain Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Espinoza
- Health Technology Assessment Unit, Centro de Investigación Clínica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Salud Pública, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Png ME, Mason KJ, Marshall M, Jordan KP, Bailey J, Frisher M, Heron N, Huntley AL, Mallen CD, Mamas MA, Tatton S, White S, Edwards JJ, Achana F. Estimating the direct healthcare utilization and cost of musculoskeletal pain among people with comorbidity: a retrospective electronic health record study. Curr Med Res Opin 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37853741 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2023.2271862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of pre-existing painful musculoskeletal conditions on healthcare utilization and costs among patients with five common conditions: acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, cancer, dementia and pneumonia. METHODS Using primary and secondary care services data from electronic health records, a negative binomial regression model was used to compare resource use while a two-part model was used to compare costs across the five conditions, between those with and without a pre-existing musculoskeletal pain. RESULTS The study included 760,792 patients (144,870 with ACS, 121,208 with stroke, 231,702 with cancer, 134,638 with dementia, and 128,374 with pneumonia) in the complete case analysis. Pre-existing musculoskeletal pain had an incident rate ratio of above one for most healthcare resources over the follow-up period and an adjusted additional mean cumulative total healthcare costs per patient of £674.59 (95%CI 570.30 to 778.87) for ACS; £613.34 (95%CI 496.87 to 729.82) for stroke; £459.26 (95%CI 376.60 to 541.91) for cancer; and £766.23 (95%CI 655.06 to 877.39) for dementia over five years after diagnosis; and £200.85 (95%CI 104.16 to 297.55) for pneumonia over one year after diagnosis compared to those without musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION This study highlights that individuals with painful musculoskeletal conditions have higher healthcare utiliszation and costs than those without painful musculoskeletal conditions. Given the high occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in patients with other conditions, effective management strategies are needed to reduce the burden on healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ee Png
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kayleigh J Mason
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Michelle Marshall
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Kelvin P Jordan
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - James Bailey
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Martin Frisher
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Neil Heron
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Alyson L Huntley
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, Bristol Medical School, Bristol University, Bristol, UK
| | - Christian D Mallen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Stephen Tatton
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Simon White
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - John J Edwards
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Health Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Felix Achana
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Yang Y, Lai X, Li C, Yang Y, Gu S, Hou W, Zhai L, Zhu Y. Focus on the impact of social factors and lifestyle on the disease burden of low back pain: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:679. [PMID: 37633880 PMCID: PMC10464198 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Differences in social backgrounds and lifestyles in various regions and countries may contribute to the discrepancies in the disease burden of LBP. METHODS Based on the GBD 2019, we collected and analyzed numbers and age-standardized rates (ASR) of LBP disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Temporal trends in ASR were also analyzed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). The Age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate age, period and cohort trends in DALYs of LBP. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used to forecast DALYs of LBP trends from 2020 to 2035. RESULTS The DALYs due to LBP increased from 1990 to 2019. The APC model showed that the risk of DALYs for global LBP increased with age and year and that the risk of DALYs was lower in the later-born cohort than in the earlier-born cohort. The main risk factors which GBD estimates were available for DALYs of LBP include smoking, occupational ergonomic factors and high BMI. It is expected that DALYs of LBP will continue to rise until 2035. CONCLUSION From 1990 to 2019, the global disease burden of LBP remained high. It is necessary to pay attention to the influence of social factors and lifestyle on LBP. Focusing on the impact of social factors as well as lifestyle on the prognosis of LBP and targeting interventions may further reduce the disease burden of LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Xigui Lai
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Conghui Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Weiqian Hou
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Liwen Zhai
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
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