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Maganga JJ, Katende A, Luoga E, Nshatsi N, Siru J, Sigalla G, Mollay C, Weisser M, Mtenga S. "I Don't Have Time to Exercise": Determinants of Physical Activity and Diet Consumption Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Southern Tanzania - A Phenomenological Qualitative Study. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2025; 17:63-76. [PMID: 40433104 PMCID: PMC12107388 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s519922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2025] [Accepted: 05/06/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Low physical activity and unhealthy diets are among the key modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), often initiated in adolescence. Little is known about the underlying factors influencing these two behaviors, particularly in adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). This study aimed at qualitatively exploring the factors perceived to influence physical activity and diet consumption in this vulnerable population. Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ALHIV aged 15 to 19 years (N=22) and their parents and caregivers (N=10) to explore the lived experiences and perceptions regarding physical activity and diet consumption. The interviews were carried out from May to July 2024 at the Chronic Diseases Clinic in Ifakara (CDCI) in Tanzania. Thematic content analysis was performed aided by NVivo software version 14. Three levels of the socio-ecological model (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community levels) guided the theoretical categorization of findings. Results Factors reported to influence physical activity in ALHIV were intrapersonal factors (time constraints, insufficient knowledge); interpersonal (encouragement from family members and peers); and community level aspects (gender and social norms, negative beliefs, inadequate facilities). On the other hand, intrapersonal factors (lack of autonomy, weight gain concerns, food preferences); interpersonal factors (low family income, large family size); and community level factors (increased availability of fast foods) were reported to influence diet consumption among ALHIV. The adolescents' parents and caregivers similarly shared some of these views. Conclusion The findings suggest that both physical activity and diet consumption in ALHIV are influenced by multiple factors in the socio-ecological system. The community, parents and caregivers need to be engaged to provide support systems to address barriers to physical activity and diet consumption in ALHIV. Physical activity and nutrition education need to be integrated into HIV care programs and guidelines to emphasize these health behaviors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina J Maganga
- Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Andrew Katende
- Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Saint Francis Regional Referral Hospital, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ezekiel Luoga
- Saint Francis Regional Referral Hospital, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Nancy Nshatsi
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
- Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Jamal Siru
- Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Saint Francis Regional Referral Hospital, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - George Sigalla
- Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Saint Francis Regional Referral Hospital, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Clara Mollay
- The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Maja Weisser
- Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Saint Francis Regional Referral Hospital, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sally Mtenga
- Health System Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
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Jeena L, Ferrand RA, Simms V, Kahari C, Bandason T, Rukuni R, Rehman AM, Rowland-Jones S, Hsieh AY, Gregson CL. Reduced bone density accrual among peripubertal boys with HIV in Zimbabwe. AIDS 2025; 39:683-694. [PMID: 39912743 PMCID: PMC11970606 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000004134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/18/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate bone density accrual over 1 year among peripubertal children with HIV (CWH) compared to children without infection (CWOH); and risk factors associated with bone density accrual among CWH. DESIGN A prospective cohort study in urban Zimbabwe. METHODS CWH on antiretroviral therapy aged 8-16 years, and CWOH, frequency-matched by age were recruited in Zimbabwe. Z -scores for height-adjusted total-body less-head bone mineral content for lean mass (TBLH-BMC LBM ) and size-adjusted lumbar spine bone mineral apparent density (LS-BMAD) were calculated from dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan measurements. Linear regression compared bone density accrual by HIV status. RESULTS Of 609 participants, 492 (80.7%) completed a follow-up visit (50.2% boys, 49.6% CWH). Mean baseline age was 12.5 years. More girl CWH than CWOH were in Tanner stages I/II at baseline. Bone density accrual (Δ) adjusted for age, Tanner stage and baseline DXA Z -score was less in boy CWH than boy CWOH {adjusted mean (95% confidence interval (CI)] ΔLS-BMAD Z -score -0.14 (-0.25 to -0.02) vs. 0.01 (-0.09 to 0.12), P = 0.020, and ΔTBLH-BMC LBMZ -score -0.19 (-0.33 to -0.04) vs. 0.07 (-0.07 to 0.20), P = 0.015}, but similar in girls with and without HIV [ΔLS-BMAD Z -score 0.05 (-0.07 to 0.17) vs. -0.01 (-0.09 to 0.07), P = 0.416, and ΔTBLH-BMC LBMZ -score 0.08 (-0.07 to 0.22) vs. -0.03 (-0.12 to 0.07), P = 0.295]. Viral load greater than 1000 copies/ml and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate use were associated with less gain in LS-BMAD Z -score among boys, whereas Tanner stage IV and V were associated with greater gains in LS-BMAD and TBLH-BMC LBMZ -scores among CWH. CONCLUSION Among boys only, CWH had impaired bone accrual, associated with high viral load and tenofovir use. Bone density gains were greater in later puberty among CWH suggesting potential to correct deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Jeena
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Rashida A. Ferrand
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Victoria Simms
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cynthia Kahari
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Oncology, Medical Physics and Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tsitsi Bandason
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ruramayi Rukuni
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Andrea M. Rehman
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sarah Rowland-Jones
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Anthony Y.Y. Hsieh
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Celia L. Gregson
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Filteau S, Chisenga M, Namunkonda C, Mukwasi-Kahari C, Kasonka L, Simms V, Gregson CL, Wells JC. Methods for measuring body composition in Zambian adolescents living with HIV. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003200. [PMID: 39700199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024]
Abstract
Assessment of body composition can be useful in managing many clinical or public health conditions, including HIV. Most people living with HIV infection are in Africa where clinics may lack equipment, utilities or staff time for optimal body composition assessment. Thus, it is important to determine whether less expensive and more available and scalable methods can provide adequate information. We estimated body composition of 420 perinatally HIV-infected Zambian adolescents, aged 11-19 years, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and anthropometry: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds. Data were converted to internal population Z-scores in order to compare measures. BIA and DXA were compared for total fat and fat-free mass, BMI was compared to DXA fat mass, and waist circumference and skinfolds were compared to DXA trunk (central) fat. Neither anthropometry nor BIA adequately reflected total fat or trunk fat as measured by DXA. Although mean bias was generally small, especially for females, the limits of agreement were wide for all comparisons. In addition, for central fat in males, the bias was larger at higher mean Z-score values. BMI had similar agreement with DXA fat mass, as did BIA in females, though not males. We conclude that, because of wide limits of agreement and bias in some measures, none of the simpler methods examined are adequate for assessing longitudinal changes in body composition in order to monitor children's health. However, where BIA is available and DXA is not, BIA may still be able to describe broad trends in body composition of African adolescents living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Filteau
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Cynthia Mukwasi-Kahari
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- The Health Research Unit (THRU-ZIM), Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Victoria Simms
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Wells
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bakzaza B, Lemmih H, Errachidi F, El Bouazzi O, Rachiq S, Raoui SM. The life quality of people living with chronic disease in Africa: a systematic narrative synthesis. Pan Afr Med J 2024; 49:115. [PMID: 40125349 PMCID: PMC11928302 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2024.49.115.42393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, chronic diseases are more common and affect a huge number of individuals. They can have a negative impact on the quality of life in many domains, including physical well-being, mental health and social relationships. This systematic narrative synthesis aims to explore health-related quality of life in people with chronic diseases in Africa. Using appropriate keywords, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and an in-depth examination of bibliographics through Scopus databases were carried out according to the PRISMA chart. Thus, the 23 studies from Africa retained were published in English between January 1st, 2019, and October 14th, 2023 and they reported the quality of life-related to health in patients living with chronic disease. The results of this review revealed that patients living with chronic diseases suffer from a number of medical, psychological, and social factors that have a negative impact on their quality of life. This study highlighted the importance of giving patients with chronic diseases in Africa top priority when they come to health care services and it pointed out the need to bolster Africa's health systems by improving primary care and similarly by increasing the knowledge and skills of care staff to enhance health-related quality of life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badre Bakzaza
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fes, Morocco
| | - Hanane Lemmih
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fes, Morocco
| | - Faouzi Errachidi
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fes, Morocco
| | - Omaima El Bouazzi
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Saad Rachiq
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fes, Morocco
| | - Sidi Mohammed Raoui
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fes, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Meknes, Morocco
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de Castro JAC, de Lima LRA, Silva DAS. Relationship between Body Mass Index and Health-Related Physical Fitness Components in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:938. [PMID: 39201873 PMCID: PMC11352673 DOI: 10.3390/children11080938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There is a need to monitor physical fitness in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents, and body mass index (BMI) could be an option for this due to its usability for assessing nutritional status and fat mass. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between BMI and physical fitness in HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 HIV-diagnosed children and adolescents aged 5-15, with participants from two research protocols (Study I, n = 65; Study II, n = 21). Physical fitness was assessed through body composition (anthropometric measurements and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak]), muscle strength/endurance (handgrip strength, standing broad jump, and abdominal and modified push-up endurance), and flexibility (sit-to reach test). The relationship between BMI and physical fitness components was analyzed through correlation and simple and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Eutrophic participants (mean age 11.44 ± 2.20) presented a normal fat mass percentage and overweight participants (mean age 11.50 ± 2.54) presented adequate handgrip strength. The adjusted models could explain 71% of fat-free mass, 57% of fat mass percentage, 70% of bone mineral content, 72% of bone mineral density, and 52% of handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS Increases in BMI were associated with increases in fat-free mass, fat mass percentage, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and handgrip strength. BMI was capable of distinguishing those presenting a normal fat mass percentage and those presenting adequate handgrip strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Chula de Castro
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
| | | | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil;
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Gregson CL, Rehman AM, Rukuni R, Mukwasi-Kahari C, Madanhire T, Kowo-Nyakoko F, Breasail MÓ, Jeena L, Mchugh G, Filteau S, Chipanga J, Simms V, Mujuru H, Ward KA, Ferrand RA. Perinatal HIV infection is associated with deficits in muscle function in children and adolescents in Zimbabwe. AIDS 2024; 38:853-863. [PMID: 37991523 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine how muscle strength, power, mass, and density (i.e. quality) differ between children living with HIV (CWH) and those uninfected, and whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) regime is associated with muscle quality. DESIGN A cross-sectional study in Harare, Zimbabwe. METHODS The study recruited CWH aged 8-16 years, taking ART for at least 2 years, from HIV clinics, and HIV-uninfected children from local schools. Muscle outcomes comprised grip strength measured by hand-held Jamar dynamometer, lower limb power measured by standing long-jump distance, lean mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and muscle density (reflecting intramuscular fat) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Linear regression calculated adjusted mean differences (aMD) by HIV status. RESULTS Overall, 303 CWH and 306 without HIV, had mean (SD) age 12.5 (2.5) years, BMI 17.5 (2.8), with 50% girls. Height and fat mass were lower in CWH, mean differences (SE) 7.4 (1.1) cm and 2.7 (0.4)kgs, respectively. Male CWH had lower grip strength [aMD 2.5 (1.1-3.9) kg, P < 0.001], long-jump distance [7.1 (1.8-12.5) cm, P = 0.006], muscle density [0.58 (0.12-1.05) mg/cm 3 , P = 0.018, but not lean mass 0.06 (-1.08 to 1.21) kg, P = 0.891) versus boys without HIV; differences were consistent but smaller in girls. Mediation analysis suggested the negative effect of HIV on jumping power in boys was partially mediated by muscle density ( P = 0.032). CWH taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) had lower muscle density [0.56 (0.00-1.13)mg/cm 3 , P = 0.049] independent of fat mass, than CWH on other ART. CONCLUSION Perinatally acquired HIV is associated, particularly in male individuals, with reduced upper and lower limb muscle function, not mass. Intra-muscular fat (poorer muscle quality) partially explained reductions in lower limb function. TDF is a novel risk factor for impaired muscle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia L Gregson
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Andrea M Rehman
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health
| | - Ruramayi Rukuni
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
| | - Cynthia Mukwasi-Kahari
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tafadzwa Madanhire
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health
| | - Farirayi Kowo-Nyakoko
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mícheál Ó Breasail
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisha Jeena
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Grace Mchugh
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Suzanne Filteau
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joseph Chipanga
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Victoria Simms
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health
| | - Hilda Mujuru
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kate A Ward
- Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Rashida A Ferrand
- The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases
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de Castro JAC, de Lima TR, Silva DAS. Health-Related Physical Fitness Evaluation in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:541. [PMID: 38791753 PMCID: PMC11121308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related physical fitness has been widely used to investigate the adverse effects of HIV infection/ART in children and adolescents. However, methods/protocols and cut-points applied for investigating health-related physical fitness are not clear. The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the methods/protocols and cut-points. METHODS A scoping review, following the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, was conducted through ten major databases. Search followed the PCC strategy to construct block of terms related to population (children and adolescents), concept (health-related physical fitness components) and context (HIV infection). RESULTS The search resulted in 7545 studies. After duplicate removal, titles and abstracts reading and full text assessment, 246 studies were included in the scoping review. Body composition was the most investigated component (n = 244), followed by muscular strength/endurance (n = 23), cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 15) and flexibility (n = 4). The World Health Organization growth curves, and nationals' surveys were the most reference values applied to classify body composition (n = 149), followed by internal cut-points (n = 30) and cut-points developed through small populations (n = 16). Cardiorespiratory fitness was classified through cut-points from three different assessment batteries, as well as cut-points developed through studies with small populations, muscular strength/endurance and flexibility were classified through the same cut-points from five different assessment batteries. CONCLUSIONS The research on muscular strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility has been scarcely explored. The lack of studies that investigated method usability as well as reference values was evidenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Chula de Castro
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.A.C.d.C.); (T.R.d.L.)
| | - Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.A.C.d.C.); (T.R.d.L.)
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88080-350, SC, Brazil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Graduate Program of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (J.A.C.d.C.); (T.R.d.L.)
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Martins PC, de Lima LRA, Silva AM, Silva DAS. Association between Phase Angle and Body Composition of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with HIV Infection. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1309. [PMID: 37628307 PMCID: PMC10453811 DOI: 10.3390/children10081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate how phase angle (PhA) is associated with subtotal and lumbar spine bone mineral density [BMD], lean soft tissue mass [LSTM], total body fat mass, android and gynoid in children and adolescents with HIV according to sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, involving 64 children and adolescents vertically transmitted with HIV. Resistance and reactance values were obtained using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and PhA was subsequently calculated. Dual emission X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. Antiretroviral medication, physical activity (accelerometers) and skeletal maturation (wrist-carpal radiography) were used in the adjusted model. In males, PhA was directly associated with subtotal BMD (βadj: 0.65; R²: 0.38, p < 0.01) and lumbar spine BMD (βadj: 0.53; R²: 0.22, p = 0.01), directly associated with LSTM (βadj: 0.76; R²: 0.46, p < 0.01), and inversely associated with gynoid fat (βadj: -0.47; R²: 0.2, p = 0.01), in adjusted models. In females, PhA was directly associated with subtotal BMD (βadj: 0.46; R²: 0.17, p < 0.01) and lumbar spine BMD (βadj: 0.48; R²: 0.19, p < 0.01). It is concluded that PhA was directly associated with subtotal and regional BMD, LSTM, and inversely with gynoid fat in boys with HIV. In girls, PA was directly associated only with subtotal and regional BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Custódio Martins
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus—Trindade-n. 476, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Rodrigo Augustemak de Lima
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, Maceió 57072-900, Alagoas, Brazil;
| | - Analiza Mónica Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 1499-002 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus—Trindade-n. 476, Florianópolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil;
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