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Islam T, Ali EM, Awan WA, Alzaidi MS, Alghamdi TAH, Alathbah M. A parasitic patch loaded staircase shaped UWB MIMO antenna having notch band for WBAN applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23711. [PMID: 38192851 PMCID: PMC10772161 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A staircase-shaped quasi-fractal antenna is presented to meet the requirements of compact electronics operating in UWB or E-UWB spectrum. A conventional broadband monopole antenna is converted into UWB antenna utilizing three iterations of fractal patches. The resultant antenna offers wide impedance bandwidth ranges 2.3-17.8 GHz, having a notch band at 6.1-7.2 GHz. Afterwards, a two-port MIMO antenna is created by placing the second element orthogonally with an edge-to-edge distance of 8.5 mm, that is λ/15 where λ corresponds to free space wavelength at the lowest cut-off frequency. Hereafter, a meandered line-shaped stub is inserted to reduce the mutual coupling between closely spaced MIMO elements to less than -25 dB. As the intended application of the proposed work is On-body, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analyses are carried out at 2.4, 5.8 and 8 GHz, showing an acceptable range for both 1-g and 10-g averaged tissues standards. Moreover, various parameters of the MIMO antenna are studied, and a comparison is made between simulated and measured results as well as those of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Esraa Mousa Ali
- Faculty of Aviation Sciences, Amman Arab University, Amman 11953, Jordan
| | - Wahaj Abbas Awan
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Mohammed S Alzaidi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer A H Alghamdi
- Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Moath Alathbah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Upadhyaya T, Sorathiya V, Al-Shathri S, El-Shafai W, Patel U, Pandya KV, Armghan A. Quad-port MIMO antenna with high isolation characteristics for sub 6-GHz 5G NR communication. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19088. [PMID: 37925589 PMCID: PMC10625610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A four-port MIMO antenna with high isolation is presented. The antenna is primarily envisioned to cover the n48 band of Frequency Range-1 (FR-1) with TDD duplex mode. The engineered antenna has electrical dimensions of 90 × 90 × 1.57 mm3. The size miniaturization of a single antenna unit is achieved through an optimized placement of slots and extended arms. The quad-antennas are then placed orthogonally to achieve antenna diversity. The antenna resonates at 3.56 GHz and 5.28 GHz having 2:1 VSWR fractional bandwidth of 1.82% and 2.12%. The proposed resonator provides 88.34% and 79.28% efficiency at lower and upper bands, respectively. The antenna is an exceptional radiator regarding MIMO diversity performance owing to high inter-element isolation. The values of envelope correlation coefficient < 0.05, channel capacity loss is nearly 0.1 bits/sec/Hz, and total active reflection coefficient is - 24.26. The full ground plane profile aids in high directivity and cross-pol isolation. The antenna exhibits a gain of 4.2 dBi and 2.8 dBi, respectively, justifying intended application requirements. There is a good coherence between simulation and experimental results. The self-decoupled antenna poses its application in 5G and WLAN Communication Applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trushit Upadhyaya
- Electronics and Communication Department, Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, 388421, India
| | - Vishal Sorathiya
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology, Parul University, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, 391760, India
| | - Samah Al-Shathri
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Walid El-Shafai
- Security Engineering Lab, Computer Science Department, Prince Sultan University, 11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, 32952, Egypt
| | - Upesh Patel
- Electronics and Communication Department, Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, 388421, India
| | - Killol Vishnuprasad Pandya
- Electronics and Communication Department, Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, 388421, India
| | - Ammar Armghan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, 72388, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
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Hussain M, Islam T, Alzaidi MS, Elkamchouchi DH, Alsunaydih FN, Alsaleem F, Alhassoon K. Single iterated fractal inspired UWB antenna with reconfigurable notch bands for compact electronics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21419. [PMID: 37954332 PMCID: PMC10637985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, compact, and low-profile antenna operating over ultrawideband with high gain is presented in this manuscript. The antenna has dimensions of W × L = 19 mm × 21 mm and is placed on the rear side of the FR-4 substrate material. The antenna contains simple geometry, inspired from a circular fractals, which consists of a circular patch with a CPW feedline. The circular patch is loaded with two fractals patches at both top end of the substrate and the rectangular stub is loaded at the lower side, to improve the antenna's bandwidth. The constructed antenna offers a wide band of 3-13.5 GHz. The antenna geometry also contains three semicircular slots, which are etched to generate the notch bands. Each slot is etched step by step, giving notch bands at 3.9 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 8.1 GHz. In the final stage, two diodes are added to attain reconfiguration. The antenna offers moderate gain and high radiation efficiency. The hardware model of antenna is engineered to verify the simulated results. Moreover, the antenna is compared with other works in literature. The outcomes of the proposed antenna and comparison with the literature work make the suggested work the best candidate for future UWB portable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Hussain
- Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University Islamabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Tanvir Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mohammed S. Alzaidi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia H. Elkamchouchi
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N. Alsunaydih
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Unaizah, 56452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Alsaleem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Unaizah, 56452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alhassoon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Unaizah, 56452, Saudi Arabia
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Awan WA, Abbas A, Naqvi SI, Elkamchouchi DH, Aslam M, Hussain N. A Conformal Tri-Band Antenna for Flexible Devices and Body-Centric Wireless Communications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1842. [PMID: 37893280 PMCID: PMC10609033 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
A conformal tri-band antenna tailored for flexible devices and body-centric wireless communications operating at the key frequency bands is proposed. The antenna is printed on a thin Rogers RT 5880 substrate, merely 0.254 mm thick, with an overall geometrical dimension of 15 × 20 × 0.254 mm3. This inventive design features a truncated corner monopole accompanied by branched stubs fed by a coplanar waveguide. The stubs, varying in length, serve as quarter-wavelength monopoles, facilitating multi-band functionality at 2.45, 3.5, and 5.8 GHz. Given the antenna's intended applications in flexible devices and body-centric networks, the conformability of the proposed design is investigated. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is conducted using a four-layered human tissue model. Notably, the SAR values for the proposed geometry at 2.45, 3.5, and 5.8 GHz stand at 1.48, 1.26, and 1.1 W/kg for 1 g of tissue, and 1.52, 1.41, and 0.62 W/kg for 10 g of tissue, respectively. Remarkably, these values comfortably adhere to both FCC and European Union standards, as they remain substantially beneath the threshold values of 1.6 W/kg and 2 W/kg for 1 g and 10 g tissues, respectively. The radiation characteristics and performance of the antenna in flat and different bending configurations validate the suitability of the antenna for flexible devices and body-centric wireless communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahaj Abbas Awan
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (W.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Anees Abbas
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (W.A.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Syeda Iffat Naqvi
- Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan;
| | - Dalia H. Elkamchouchi
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Niamat Hussain
- Department of Intelligent Mechatronic Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Duarte Júnior JG, da Silva Neto VP, Gomes d’Assunção A. A new tunable bandstop filter square-ring resonator using varactor diodes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290979. [PMID: 37656733 PMCID: PMC10473513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the development of a bandstop filter with a tunable response. Varactor diodes are used as control elements. Studies and investigations demonstrate the influence of the variable capacitance on the input admittance and on the S-parameters frequency responses of the proposed square-ring resonator geometry. The design of the square-ring resonator is based on mathematical modeling of ideal transmission lines, considering parameters of characteristic admittance and electrical length for odd and even excitation modes. Based on S-parameters in ports, an equivalent circuit model of the resonator geometry is presented. The corresponding results are compared with numerical simulations. Comparative analyses are presented in order to guide the process of optimizing the physical dimensions of the layout. A prototype with dimension 0.0272 [Formula: see text] was designed, fabricated, and tested. As a measured result, a filter with two rejection bands was obtained, the first at 0.6-1.15 GHz and the second at 1.71-2.28 GHz, with 63.0 and 29.0% tuning range, respectively. In comparison with bandstop filters from the literature, the proposed reconfigurable filter presents a larger tuning range for the first band, sufficient inband rejection levels for several applications, and reduced physical dimensions. The proposed configuration is an attractive reconfigurable filtering device for use in modern communication systems operating below 3.0 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adaildo Gomes d’Assunção
- Department of Communication Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Molins-Benlliure J, Cabedo-Fabrés M, Antonino-Daviu E, Ferrando-Bataller M. Miniaturized On-Ground 2.4 GHz IoT LTCC Chip Antenna and Its Positioning on a Ground Plane. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3007. [PMID: 36991717 PMCID: PMC10059724 DOI: 10.3390/s23063007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a very low-profile on-ground chip antenna with a total volume of 0.075λ0× 0.056λ0× 0.019λ0 (at f0 = 2.4 GHz). The proposed design is a corrugated (accordion-like) planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) embedded in low-loss glass ceramic material (DuPont GreenTape 9k7 with ϵr = 7.1 and tanδ = 0.0009) fabricated with LTCC technology. The antenna does not require a clearance area on the ground plane where the antenna is located, and it is proposed for 2.4 GHz IoT applications for extreme size-limited devices. It shows a 25 MHz impedance bandwidth (for S11 < -6 dB), which means a relative bandwidth of 1%). A study in terms of matching and total efficiency is performed for several size ground planes with the antenna installed at different positions. The use of characteristic modes analysis (CMA) and the correlation between modal and total radiated fields is performed to demonstrate the optimum position of the antenna. Results show high-frequency stability and a total efficiency difference of up to 5.3 dB if the antenna is not placed at the optimum position.
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Taher F, Hamadi HA, Alzaidi MS, Alhumyani H, Elkamchouchi DH, Elkamshoushy YH, Haweel MT, Sree MFA, Fatah SYA. Design and Analysis of Circular Polarized Two-Port MIMO Antennas with Various Antenna Element Orientations. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020380. [PMID: 36838080 PMCID: PMC9959551 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the circularly polarized antenna operating over 28 GHz mm-wave applications. The suggested antenna has compact size, simple geometry, wideband, high gain, and offers circular polarization. Afterward, two-port MIMO antenna are designed to get Left Hand Circular Polarization (LHCP) and Right-Hand Circular Polarization (RHCP). Four different cases are adopted to construct two-port MIMO antenna of suggested antenna. In case 1, both of the elements are placed parallel to each other; in the second case, the element is parallel but the radiating patch of second antenna element are rotated by 180°. In the third case, the second antenna element is placed orthogonally to the first antenna element. In the final case, the antenna is parallel but placed in the opposite end of substrate material. The S-parameters, axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) gain, and radiation efficiency are studied and compared in all these cases. The two MIMO systems of all cases are designed by using Roger RT/Duroid 6002 with thickness of 0.79 mm. The overall size of two-port MIMO antennas is 20.5 mm × 12 mm × 0.79 mm. The MIMO configuration of the suggested CP antenna offers wideband, low mutual coupling, wide ARBW, high gain, and high radiation efficiency. The hardware prototype of all cases is fabricated to verify the predicated results. Moreover, the comparison of suggested two-port MIMO antenna is also performed with already published work, which show the quality of suggested work in terms of various performance parameters over them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Taher
- College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Dubai 19282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussam Al Hamadi
- College of Engineering and IT, University of Dubai, Dubai 14143, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed S. Alzaidi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Alhumyani
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia H. Elkamchouchi
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser H. Elkamshoushy
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Pharos University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Mohammad T. Haweel
- Electrical Engineering Department, Shaqra University, Riyadh 17454, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Al-Madinah Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Giza 12947, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Fathy Abo Sree
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo 11865, Egypt
| | - Sara Yehia Abdel Fatah
- Deparment of Electronics and Communication, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, EI-Tagammoe EI-Khames, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo 11771, Egypt
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