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Cantalapiedra-Hijar G, Nedelkov K, Crosson P, McGee M. Some plasma biomarkers of residual feed intake in beef cattle remain consistent regardless of intake level. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8540. [PMID: 38609462 PMCID: PMC11014993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether plasma biomarkers of residual feed intake (RFI), identified under ad libitum feeding conditions in beef cattle, remained consistent during feed restriction. Sixty Charolais crossbred young bulls were divided into two groups for a crossover study. Group A was initially fed ad libitum (first test) and then restricted (second test) on the same diet, while Group B experienced the opposite sequence. Blood samples were collected from the 12 most divergent RFI animals in each group at the end of the first test and again after the second test. 12 plasma variables consistently increased, while three consistently decreased during feed restriction (FDR < 0.05). Only two metabolites, α-aminoadipic acid for Group A and 5-aminovaleric acid for Group B, were associated with RFI independent of feed intake level (FDR < 0.05), demonstrating moderate-to-high repeatability across feeding levels (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.59). Notably, both metabolites belong to the same metabolic pathway: lysine degradation. These metabolites consistently correlated with RFI, irrespective of fluctuations in feed intake, indicating a connection to individual metabolic processes influencing feed efficiency. These findings suggest that a portion of RFI phenotypic variance is inherent to an individual's metabolic efficiency beyond variations in feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cantalapiedra-Hijar
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122, St-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - K Nedelkov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria
| | - P Crosson
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - M McGee
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Ali S, Ni X, Khan M, Zhao X, Yang H, Danzeng B, Raja IH, Quan G. Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Sheep Gut Metabolite Profiles during the Lactating Stage. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:121. [PMID: 38200852 PMCID: PMC10778572 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-associated characteristics such as dietary protein levels can modulate the gut's primary or secondary metabolites, leading to effects on the productive performance and overall health of animals. Whereas fecal metabolite changes are closely associated with gut metabolome, this study aimed to see changes in the rumen metabolite profile of lactating ewes fed different dietary protein levels. For this, eighteen lactating ewes (approximately 2 years old, averaging 38.52 ± 1.57 kg in their initial body weight) were divided into three groups (n = 6 ewes/group) by following the complete randomized design, and each group was assigned to one of three low-protein (D_I), medium-protein (D_m), and high-protein (D_h) diets containing 8.58%, 10.34%, and 13.93% crude protein contents on a dry basis, respectively. The fecal samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The metabolomes of the sheep fed to the high-protein-diet group were distinguished as per principal-component analysis from the medium- and low-protein diets. Fecal metabolite concentrations as well as their patterns were changed by feeding different dietary protein levels. The discriminating metabolites between groups of nursing sheep fed different protein levels were identified using partial least-squares discriminant analysis. The pathway enrichment revealed that dietary protein levels mainly influenced the metabolism-associated pathways (n = 63 and 39 in positive as well as negative ionic modes, respectively) followed by protein (n = 15 and 8 in positive as well as negative ionic modes, respectively) and amino-acid (n = 14 and 7 in positive as well as negative ionic modes, respectively) synthesis. Multivariate and univariate analyses showed comparative changes in the fecal concentrations of metabolites in both positive and negative ionic modes. Major changes were observed in protein metabolism, organic-acid biosynthesis, and fatty-acid oxidation. Pairwise analysis and PCA reveal a higher degree of aggregation within the D-h group than all other pairs. In both the PCA and PLS-DA plots, the comparative separation among the D_h/D_m, D_h/D_I, and D_m/D_I groups was superior in positive as well as negative ionic modes, which indicated that sheep fed higher protein levels had alterations in the levels of the metabolites. These metabolic findings provide insights into potentiated biomarker changes in the metabolism influenced by dietary protein levels. The target identification may further increase our knowledge of sheep gut metabolome, particularly regarding how dietary protein levels influence the molecular mechanisms of nutritional metabolism, growth performance, and milk synthesis of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Ali
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Xiaojun Ni
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Baiji Danzeng
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Imtiaz Hussain Raja
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Guobo Quan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
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