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Pepoyan E, Marotta F, Manvelyan A, Galstyan A, Stepanyan L, Grigoryan H, Grigoryan L, Mikayelyan M, Balayan M, Harutyunyan N, Mirzabekyan S, Tsaturyan V, Torok T, Pepoyan A. Placebo-resistant gut bacteria: Akkermansia muciniphila spp. and Familial Mediterranean fever disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1336752. [PMID: 38465231 PMCID: PMC10920240 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1336752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite numerous investigations into the impact of drugs/probiotics on the gut microbiota composition in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients, the question as to whether there exists a significant bacterial diversity(ies) independent of the placebo effect that can be reliably considered in clinical and nutritional trials remains unresolved. METHODS This study represents the in augural analysis of the placebo's influence on the gut microbiota of both healthy individuals and FMF afflicted men, utilizing previously collected data from PhyloChip™ DNA microarray experiments. A total of 15 healthy and 15 FMF male volunteers, aged 18 to 50, participated in this partially randomized placebo trial, which is accessible through the GEO Series accession number GSE111835. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Key findings from current investigations include i. the anticipated divergence in gut bacteria resistance to placebo between healthy and FMF individuals, ii. the minor impact of placebo on gut bacterial diversities in healthy individuals, with Enterobacteriaceae diversities identified as placebo-resistant among "healthy" gut bacteria, and iii. the comprehensive influence of placebo on all bacterial phyla in the gut microbiome of FMF patients, extending to nearly all bacterial genera, except for the resilience of gut Akkermansia muciniphila spp. to placebo in FMF patients. This study underscores the susceptibility of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, and Clostridium genera to placebo. Consequently, this investigation holds significance for the proper design of placebo-controlled trials and establishes a foundation for further exploration of the gut-brain axis. Furthermore, it contributes valuable insights to discussions regarding proposals for probiotic therapies, particularly focusing on Faecalibacterium spp., Blautia spp., and Clostridium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elya Pepoyan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
- Faculty of Military Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Anahit Manvelyan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Artak Galstyan
- Faculty of Military Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lena Stepanyan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Hasmik Grigoryan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Liana Grigoryan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mikayel Mikayelyan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Marine Balayan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Natalya Harutyunyan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Susanna Mirzabekyan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Vardan Tsaturyan
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
- Faculty of Military Medicine, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tamas Torok
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Astghik Pepoyan
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Department, Scientific Research Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan, Armenia
- International Association for Human and Animals Health Improvement, Yerevan, Armenia
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Sylvester CM, Luby JL, Pine DS. Novel mechanism-based treatments for pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:262-275. [PMID: 37608220 PMCID: PMC10700626 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric anxiety and depressive disorders are common, can be highly impairing, and can persist despite the best available treatments. Here, we review research into novel treatments for childhood anxiety and depressive disorders designed to target underlying cognitive, emotional, and neural circuit mechanisms. We highlight three novel treatments lying along a continuum relating to clinical impact of the disorder and the intensity of clinical management required. We review cognitive training, which involves the lowest risk and may be applicable for problems with mild to moderate impact; psychotherapy, which includes a higher level of clinical involvement and may be sufficient for problems with moderate impact; and brain stimulation, which has the highest potential risks and is therefore most appropriate for problems with high impact. For each treatment, we review the specific underlying cognitive, emotional, and brain circuit mechanisms that are being targeted, whether treatments modify those underlying mechanisms, and efficacy in reducing symptoms. We conclude by highlighting future directions, including the importance of work that leverages developmental windows of high brain plasticity to time interventions to the specific epochs in childhood that have the largest and most enduring life-long impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Sylvester
- Washington University Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Washington University Department of Radiology, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Joan L Luby
- Washington University Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Emotion and Development Branch, St. Louis, MO, USA
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