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Wong RW, Balachandran A, Cheung PK, Cheng R, Pan Q, Stoilov P, Harrigan PR, Blencowe BJ, Branch DR, Cochrane A. Correction: An activator of G protein-coupled receptor and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling inhibits HIV-1 replication by altering viral RNA processing. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012155. [PMID: 38593115 PMCID: PMC11003610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008307.].
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Sun Y, Cai M, Liang Y, Zhang Y. Disruption of blood-brain barrier: effects of HIV Tat on brain microvascular endothelial cells and tight junction proteins. J Neurovirol 2023; 29:658-668. [PMID: 37899420 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-023-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has prolonged the life span of people living with HIV (PLWH), the incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in PLWH is also gradually increasing, seriously affecting the quality of life for PLWH. However, the pathogenesis of HAND has not been elucidated, which leaves HAND without effective treatment. HIV protein transactivator of transcription (Tat), as an important regulatory protein, is crucial in the pathogenesis of HAND, and its mechanism of HAND has received widespread attention. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its cellular component brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) play a necessary role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS), and their damage associated with Tat is a potential therapeutic target of HAND. In this review, we will study the Tat-mediated damage mechanism of the BBB and present multiple lines of evidence related to BMVEC damage caused by Tat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Miaotian Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Su CF, Das D, Muhammad Aslam M, Xie JQ, Li XY, Chen MX. Eukaryotic splicing machinery in the plant-virus battleground. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1793. [PMID: 37198737 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant virual infections are mainly caused by plant-virus parasitism which affects ecological communities. Some viruses are highly pathogen specific that can infect only specific plants, while some can cause widespread harm, such as tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). After a virus infects the host, undergoes a series of harmful effects, including the destruction of host cell membrane receptors, changes in cell membrane components, cell fusion, and the production of neoantigens on the cell surface. Therefore, competition between the host and the virus arises. The virus starts gaining control of critical cellular functions of the host cells and ultimately affects the fate of the targeted host plants. Among these critical cellular processes, alternative splicing (AS) is an essential posttranscriptional regulation process in RNA maturation, which amplify host protein diversity and manipulates transcript abundance in response to plant pathogens. AS is widespread in nearly all human genes and critical in regulating animal-virus interactions. In particular, an animal virus can hijack the host splicing machinery to re-organize its compartments for propagation. Changes in AS are known to cause human disease, and various AS events have been reported to regulate tissue specificity, development, tumour proliferation, and multi-functionality. However, the mechanisms underlying plant-virus interactions are poorly understood. Here, we summarize the current understanding of how viruses interact with their plant hosts compared with humans, analyze currently used and putative candidate agrochemicals to treat plant-viral infections, and finally discussed the potential research hotspots in the future. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Feng Su
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (CAFNR), Division of Plant Sciences & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Mehtab Muhammad Aslam
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (CAFNR), Division of Plant Sciences & Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ji-Qin Xie
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Lyu M, Lai H, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Wu D, Chen J, Ying B. Roles of alternative splicing in infectious diseases: from hosts, pathogens to their interactions. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:767-779. [PMID: 36893312 PMCID: PMC10150853 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alternative splicing (AS) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that removes introns and ligates exons to generate mature messenger RNAs (mRNAs), extremely improving the richness of transcriptome and proteome. Both mammal hosts and pathogens require AS to maintain their life activities, and inherent physiological heterogeneity between mammals and pathogens makes them adopt different ways to perform AS. Mammals and fungi conduct a two-step transesterification reaction by spliceosomes to splice each individual mRNA (named cis -splicing). Parasites also use spliceosomes to splice, but this splicing can occur among different mRNAs (named trans -splicing). Bacteria and viruses directly hijack the host's splicing machinery to accomplish this process. Infection-related changes are reflected in the spliceosome behaviors and the characteristics of various splicing regulators (abundance, modification, distribution, movement speed, and conformation), which further radiate to alterations in the global splicing profiles. Genes with splicing changes are enriched in immune-, growth-, or metabolism-related pathways, highlighting approaches through which hosts crosstalk with pathogens. Based on these infection-specific regulators or AS events, several targeted agents have been developed to fight against pathogens. Here, we summarized recent findings in the field of infection-related splicing, including splicing mechanisms of pathogens and hosts, splicing regulation and aberrant AS events, as well as emerging targeted drugs. We aimed to systemically decode host-pathogen interactions from a perspective of splicing. We further discussed the current strategies of drug development, detection methods, analysis algorithms, and database construction, facilitating the annotation of infection-related splicing and the integration of AS with disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hongli Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dongsheng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Huang H, Lv J, Huang Y, Mo Z, Xu H, Huang Y, Yang L, Wu Z, Li H, Qin Y. IFI27 is a potential therapeutic target for HIV infection. Ann Med 2022; 54:314-325. [PMID: 35068272 PMCID: PMC8786244 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1995624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic studies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have become one of the important works in global public health. METHODS Differential expression analysis was performed between HIV-positive (HIV+) and HIV-negative (HIV-) patients for GPL6947 and GPL10558 of GSE29429. Coexpression analysis of common genes with the same direction of differential expression identified modules. Module genes were subjected to enrichment analysis, Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis, and PPI network analysis. The top 100 most connected genes in the PPI network were screened to construct the LASSO model, and AUC values were calculated to identify the key genes. Methylation modification of key genes were identified by the chAMP package. Differences in immune cell infiltration between HIV + and HIV- patients, as well as between antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV + patients, were calculated using ssGSEA. RESULTS We obtained 3610 common genes, clustered into nine coexpression modules. Module genes were significantly enriched in interferon signalling, helper T-cell immunity, and HIF-1-signalling pathways. We screened out module genes with gradual changes in expression with increasing time from HIV enrolment using STEM software. We identified 12 significant genes through LASSO regression analysis, especially proteasome 20S subunit beta 8 (PSMB8) and interferon alpha inducible protein 27 (IFI27). The expression of PSMB8 and IFI27 were then detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Interestingly, IFI27 was also a persistently dysregulated gene identified by STEM. In addition, 10 of the key genes were identified to be modified by methylation. The significantly infiltrated immune cells in HIV + patients were restored after ART, and IFI27 was significantly associated with immune cells. CONCLUSION The above results provided potential target genes for early diagnosis and treatment of HIV + patients. IFI27 may be associated with the progression of HIV infection and may be a powerful target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiannan Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Nanning Infectious Disease Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonglun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyi Mo
- Department of Physical Examination Center, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, China
| | - Haisheng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiyang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, China
| | - Linghui Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Binyang County, Binyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengqiu Wu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Binyang County, Binyang, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongmian Li
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yaqin Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Nanning Infectious Disease Hospital of Guangxi Medical University and The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Li Q, Jiang Z, Ren S, Guo H, Song Z, Chen S, Gao X, Meng F, Zhu J, Liu L, Tong Q, Sun H, Sun Y, Pu J, Chang K, Liu J. SRSF5-Mediated Alternative Splicing of M Gene is Essential for Influenza A Virus Replication: A Host-Directed Target Against Influenza Virus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203088. [PMID: 36257906 PMCID: PMC9731694 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Splicing of influenza A virus (IAV) RNA is an essential process in the viral life cycle that involves the co-opting of host factors. Here, it is demonstrated that induction of host serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 5 (SRSF5) by IAV facilitated viral replication by enhancing viral M mRNA splicing. Mechanistically, SRSF5 with its RRM2 domain directly bounds M mRNA at conserved sites (M mRNA position 163, 709, and 712), and interacts with U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) to promote M mRNA splicing and M2 production. Mutations introduced to the three binding sites, without changing amino acid code, significantly attenuates virus replication and pathogenesis in vivo. Likewise, SRSF5 conditional knockout in the lung protects mice against lethal IAV challenge. Furthermore, anidulafungin, an approved antifungal drug, is identified as an inhibitor of SRSF5 that effectively blocks IAV replication in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, SRSF5 as an activator of M mRNA splicing promotes IAV replication and is a host-derived antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Li
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Shuning Ren
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Hui Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhimin Song
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Infection and ImmunityInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Saini Chen
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100081China
| | - Fanfeng Meng
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Junda Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Litao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qi Tong
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Kin‐Chow Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine and ScienceUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry DiseasesKey Laboratory of Animal EpidemiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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Dahal S, Clayton K, Been T, Fernet-Brochu R, Ocando AV, Balachandran A, Poirier M, Maldonado RK, Shkreta L, Boligan KF, Guvenc F, Rahman F, Branch D, Bell B, Chabot B, Gray-Owen SD, Parent LJ, Cochrane A. Opposing roles of CLK SR kinases in controlling HIV-1 gene expression and latency. Retrovirology 2022; 19:18. [PMID: 35986377 PMCID: PMC9389714 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of over 69 spliced HIV-1 mRNAs from one primary transcript by alternative RNA splicing emphasizes the central role that RNA processing plays in HIV-1 replication. Control is mediated in part through the action of host SR proteins whose activity is regulated by multiple SR kinases (CLK1-4, SRPKs). METHODS Both shRNA depletion and small molecule inhibitors of host SR kinases were used in T cell lines and primary cells to evaluate the role of these factors in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression. Effects on virus expression were assessed using western blotting, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The studies demonstrate that SR kinases play distinct roles; depletion of CLK1 enhanced HIV-1 gene expression, reduction of CLK2 or SRPK1 suppressed it, whereas CLK3 depletion had a modest impact. The opposing effects of CLK1 vs. CLK2 depletion were due to action at distinct steps; reduction of CLK1 increased HIV-1 promoter activity while depletion of CLK2 affected steps after transcript initiation. Reduced CLK1 expression also enhanced the response to several latency reversing agents, in part, by increasing the frequency of responding cells, consistent with a role in regulating provirus latency. To determine whether small molecule modulation of SR kinase function could be used to control HIV-1 replication, we screened a GSK library of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIS) and identified several pyrazolo[1,5-b] pyridazine derivatives that suppress HIV-1 gene expression/replication with an EC50 ~ 50 nM. The compounds suppressed HIV-1 protein and viral RNA accumulation with minimal impact on cell viability, inhibiting CLK1 and CLK2 but not CLK3 function, thereby selectively altering the abundance of individual CLK and SR proteins in cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the unique roles played by individual SR kinases in regulating HIV-1 gene expression, validating the targeting of these functions to either enhance latency reversal, essential for "Kick-and-Kill" strategies, or to silence HIV protein expression for "Block-and-Lock" strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Dahal
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S1A8 Canada
| | - Kiera Clayton
- grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Terek Been
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S1A8 Canada
| | - Raphaële Fernet-Brochu
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S1A8 Canada
| | - Alonso Villasmil Ocando
- grid.461656.60000 0004 0489 3491Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Ahalya Balachandran
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S1A8 Canada
| | - Mikaël Poirier
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Dept. of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Rebecca Kaddis Maldonado
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA ,grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Lulzim Shkreta
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Dept. of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Kayluz Frias Boligan
- grid.423370.10000 0001 0285 1288Center for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Furkan Guvenc
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S1A8 Canada
| | - Fariha Rahman
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S1A8 Canada
| | - Donald Branch
- grid.423370.10000 0001 0285 1288Center for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Brendan Bell
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Dept. of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Dept. of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Scott D. Gray-Owen
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S1A8 Canada
| | - Leslie J. Parent
- grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA ,grid.240473.60000 0004 0543 9901Microbiology & Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Alan Cochrane
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S1A8 Canada
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The Thiazole-5-Carboxamide GPS491 Inhibits HIV-1, Adenovirus, and Coronavirus Replication by Altering RNA Processing/Accumulation. Viruses 2021; 14:v14010060. [PMID: 35062264 PMCID: PMC8779516 DOI: 10.3390/v14010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry optimization of a previously described stilbene inhibitor of HIV-1, 5350150 (2-(2-(5-nitro-2-thienyl)vinyl)quinoline), led to the identification of the thiazole-5-carboxamide derivative (GPS491), which retained potent anti-HIV-1 activity with reduced toxicity. In this report, we demonstrate that the block of HIV-1 replication by GPS491 is accompanied by a drastic inhibition of viral gene expression (IC50 ~ 0.25 µM), and alterations in the production of unspliced, singly spliced, and multiply spliced HIV-1 RNAs. GPS491 also inhibited the replication of adenovirus and multiple coronaviruses. Low µM doses of GPS491 reduced adenovirus infectious yield ~1000 fold, altered virus early gene expression/viral E1A RNA processing, blocked viral DNA amplification, and inhibited late (hexon) gene expression. Loss of replication of multiple coronaviruses (229E, OC43, SARS-CoV2) upon GPS491 addition was associated with the inhibition of viral structural protein expression and the formation of virus particles. Consistent with the observed changes in viral RNA processing, GPS491 treatment induced selective alterations in the accumulation/phosphorylation/function of splicing regulatory SR proteins. Our study establishes that a compound that impacts the activity of cellular factors involved in RNA processing can prevent the replication of several viruses with minimal effect on cell viability.
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Osmer PS, Singh G, Boris-Lawrie K. A New Approach to 3D Modeling of Inhomogeneous Populations of Viral Regulatory RNA. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101108. [PMID: 33003639 PMCID: PMC7650772 DOI: 10.3390/v12101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary structure (3D) is the physical context of RNA regulatory activity. Retroviruses are RNA viruses that replicate through the proviral DNA intermediate transcribed by hosts. Proviral transcripts form inhomogeneous populations due to variable structural ensembles of overlapping regulatory RNA motifs in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR), which drive RNAs to be spliced or translated, and/or dimerized and packaged into virions. Genetic studies and structural techniques have provided fundamental input constraints to begin predicting HIV 3D conformations in silico. Using SimRNA and sets of experimentally-determined input constraints of HIVNL4-3 trans-activation responsive sequence (TAR) and pairings of unique-5′ (U5) with dimerization (DIS) or AUG motifs, we calculated a series of 3D models that differ in proximity of 5′-Cap and the junction of TAR and PolyA helices; configuration of primer binding site (PBS)-segment; and two host cofactors binding sites. Input constraints on U5-AUG pairings were most compatible with intramolecular folding of 5′-UTR motifs in energetic minima. Introducing theoretical constraints predicted metastable PolyA region drives orientation of 5′-Cap with TAR, U5 and PBS-segment helices. SimRNA and the workflow developed herein provides viable options to predict 3D conformations of inhomogeneous populations of large RNAs that have been intractable to conventional ensemble methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Osmer
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Gatikrushna Singh
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Kathleen Boris-Lawrie
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-625-2100
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