1
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Dremel SE, Tagawa T, Koparde VN, Hernandez-Perez C, Arbuckle JH, Kristie TM, Krug LT, Ziegelbauer JM. Interferon induced circRNAs escape herpesvirus host shutoff and suppress lytic infection. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1541-1569. [PMID: 38263330 PMCID: PMC10933408 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To globally profile circRNAs, we employ RNA-Sequencing paired with chimeric junction analysis for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-herpesvirus infection. We find circRNAs are, as a population, resistant to host shutoff. We validate this observation using ectopic expression assays of human and murine herpesvirus endoribonucleases. During lytic infection, four circRNAs are commonly induced across all subfamilies of human herpesviruses, suggesting a shared mechanism of regulation. We test one such mechanism, namely how interferon-stimulation influences circRNA expression. 67 circRNAs are upregulated by either interferon-β or -γ treatment, with half of these also upregulated during lytic infection. Using gain and loss of function studies we find an interferon-stimulated circRNA, circRELL1, inhibits lytic Herpes Simplex Virus-1 infection. We previously reported circRELL1 inhibits lytic Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, suggesting a pan-herpesvirus antiviral activity. We propose a two-pronged model in which interferon-stimulated genes may encode both mRNA and circRNA with antiviral activity. This is critical in cases of host shutoff, such as alpha- and gamma-herpesvirus infection, where the mRNA products are degraded but circRNAs escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Dremel
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Takanobu Tagawa
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Vishal N Koparde
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, USA
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, 21701, USA
| | | | - Jesse H Arbuckle
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Thomas M Kristie
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Laurie T Krug
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph M Ziegelbauer
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, USA.
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2
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Kamali MJ, Salehi M, Mostafavi M, Morovatshoar R, Akbari M, Latifi N, Barzegari O, Ghadimi F, Daraei A. Hijacking and rewiring of host CircRNA/miRNA/mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks by oncoviruses during development of viral cancers. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2530. [PMID: 38517354 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A significant portion of human cancers are caused by oncoviruses (12%-25%). Oncoviruses employ various strategies to promote their replication and induce tumourigenesis in host cells, one of which involves modifying the gene expression patterns of the host cells, leading to the rewiring of genes and resulting in significant changes in cellular processes and signalling pathways. In recent studies, a specific mode of gene regulation known as circular RNA (circRNA)-mediated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks has emerged as a key player in this context. CircRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules, can interact with other RNA molecules, such as mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs), through a process known as ceRNA crosstalk. This interaction occurs when circRNAs, acting as sponges, sequester miRNAs, thereby preventing them from binding to their target mRNAs and modulating their expression. By rewiring the host cell genome, oncoviruses have the ability to manipulate the expression and activity of circRNAs, thereby influencing the ceRNA networks that can profoundly impact cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. This review focuses on a comprehensive evaluation of the latest findings on the involvement of virus-induced reprogramming of host circRNA-mediated ceRNA networks in the development and pathophysiology of human viral cancers, including cervical cancer, gastric cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Understanding these mechanisms can improve our knowledge of how oncoviruses contribute to human tumourigenesis and identify potential targets for developing optimised therapies and diagnostic tools for viral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Kamali
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Salehi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mostafavi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Morovatshoar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mitra Akbari
- Eye Department, Eye Research Center, Amiralmomenin Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Science, Rasht, Iran
| | - Narges Latifi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Barzegari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghadimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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3
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Wang S, Li X, Liu G, Qiu Z, Wang J, Yang D, Qiao Z, Ma Z, Liu Z, Yang X. Advances in the understanding of circRNAs that influence viral replication in host cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:1. [PMID: 38329596 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-023-00784-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs discovered in recent years, which are produced by back-splicing involving the 3' and 5' ends of RNA molecules. There is increasing evidence that circRNAs have important roles in cancer, neurological diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and other diseases. In addition, host circRNAs and virus-encoded circRNAs participate in the body's immune response, with antiviral roles. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which host and viral circRNAs interact during the host immune response. Comprehensive investigations have revealed that host circRNAs function as miRNA sponges in a particular manner, primarily by inhibiting viral replication. Viral circRNAs have more diverse functions, which generally involve promoting viral replication. In addition, in contrast to circRNAs from RNA viruses, circRNAs from DNA viruses can influence host cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis, along with their effects on viral replication. In summary, circRNAs have potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets, offering a foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhenyu Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Di Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zilin Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Zhenbin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technology and Industrialization of Cell-Based Vaccine, Ministry of Education, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology & Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, 430207, China.
- China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing, 100029, China.
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4
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Sberna G, Maggi F, Amendola A. Virus-Encoded Circular RNAs: Role and Significance in Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16547. [PMID: 38003737 PMCID: PMC10671809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been the focus of intense scientific research to understand their biogenesis, mechanisms of action and regulatory functions. CircRNAs are single stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules lacking the 5'-terminal cap and the 3'-terminal polyadenine chain, characteristics that make them very stable and resistant. Synthesised by both cells and viruses, in the past circRNAs were considered to have no precise function. Today, increasing evidence shows that circRNAs are ubiquitous, some of them are tissue- and cell-specific, and critical in multiple regulatory processes (i.e., infections, inflammation, oncogenesis, gene expression). Moreover, circRNAs are emerging as important biomarkers of viral infection and disease progression. In this review, we provided an updated overview of current understanding of virus-encoded and cellular-encoded circRNAs and their involvement in cellular pathways during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandra Amendola
- Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety Laboratories, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy; (G.S.)
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5
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Liu T, Long K, Zhu Z, Song Y, Chen C, Xu G, Ke X. Roles of circRNAs in regulating the tumor microenvironment. Med Oncol 2023; 40:329. [PMID: 37819576 PMCID: PMC10567871 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
CircRNAs, a type of non-coding RNA widely present in eukaryotic cells, have emerged as a prominent focus in tumor research. However, the functions of most circRNAs remain largely unexplored. Known circRNAs exert their regulatory roles through various mechanisms, including acting as microRNA sponges, binding to RNA-binding proteins, and functioning as transcription factors to modulate protein translation and coding. Tumor growth is not solely driven by gene mutations but also influenced by diverse constituent cells and growth factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME). As crucial regulators within the TME, circRNAs are involved in governing tumor growth and metastasis. This review highlights the role of circRNAs in regulating angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and immunosuppression within the TME. Additionally, we discuss current research on hypoxia-induced circRNAs production and commensal microorganisms' impact on the TME to elucidate how circRNAs influence tumor growth while emphasizing the significance of modulating the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kaijun Long
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xixian Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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6
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Dremel SE, Tagawa T, Koparde VN, Arbuckle JH, Kristie TM, Krug LT, Ziegelbauer JM. Interferon induced circRNAs escape herpesvirus host shutoff and suppress lytic infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.07.556698. [PMID: 37886542 PMCID: PMC10602050 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.07.556698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A first line of defense during infection is expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene products which suppress viral lytic infection. To combat this, herpesviruses express endoribonucleases to deplete host RNAs. Here we demonstrate that IFN-induced circular RNAs (circRNAs) can escape viral-mediated degradation. We performed comparative circRNA expression profiling for representative alpha- (Herpes simplex virus-1, HSV-1), beta- (human cytomegalovirus, HCMV), and gamma-herpesviruses (Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, KSHV; murine gamma-herpesvirus 68, MHV68). Strikingly, we found that circRNAs are, as a population, resistant to host shutoff. This observation was confirmed by ectopic expression assays of human and murine herpesvirus endoribonucleases. During primary lytic infection, ten circRNAs were commonly regulated across all subfamilies of human herpesviruses, suggesting a common mechanism of regulation. We tested one such mechanism, namely how interferon-stimulation influences circRNA expression. 67 circRNAs were upregulated by either IFN-β or -γ treatment, with half of these also upregulated during lytic infection. Using gain and loss of function studies we found an interferon-stimulated circRNA, circRELL1, inhibited lytic HSV-1 infection. We have previously reported circRELL1 inhibits lytic KSHV infection, suggesting a pan-herpesvirus antiviral activity. We propose a two-pronged model in which interferon-stimulated genes may encode both mRNA and circRNA with antiviral activity. This is critical in cases of host shutoff, such as alpha- and gamma-herpesvirus infection, where the mRNA products are degraded but circRNAs escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Dremel
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Takanobu Tagawa
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vishal N. Koparde
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Sciences, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jesse H. Arbuckle
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas M. Kristie
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laurie T. Krug
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph M. Ziegelbauer
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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Liu C, Fan L, Guan M, Zheng Q, Jin J, Kang X, Gao Z, Deng X, Shen Y, Chu G, Chen J, Yu Z, Zhou L, Wang Y. A Redox Homeostasis Modulatory Hydrogel with GLRX3 + Extracellular Vesicles Attenuates Disc Degeneration by Suppressing Nucleus Pulposus Cell Senescence. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37432866 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, disc degeneration is a common pathology for various degenerative spinal disorders. To date, effective treatments for disc degeneration are absent. Here, we found that Glutaredoxin3 (GLRX3) is an important redox-regulating molecule associated with NP cell senescence and disc degeneration. Using a hypoxic preconditioning method, we developed GLRX3+ mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vehicles (EVs-GLRX3), which enhanced the cellular antioxidant defense, thus preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and senescence cascade expansion in vitro. Further, a disc tissue-like biopolymer-based supramolecular hydrogel, which was injectable, degradable, and ROS-responsive, was proposed to deliver EVs-GLRX3 for treating disc degeneration. Using a rat model of disc degeneration, we demonstrated that the EVs-GLRX3-loaded hydrogel attenuated mitochondrial damage, alleviated the NP senescence state, and restored ECM deposition by modulating the redox homeostasis. Our findings suggested that modulation of redox homeostasis in the disc can rejuvenate NP cell senescence and thus attenuate disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zheng
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jiale Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinchang Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongyang Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guangyu Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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8
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MacLennan SA, Marra MA. Oncogenic Viruses and the Epigenome: How Viruses Hijack Epigenetic Mechanisms to Drive Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119543. [PMID: 37298494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, viral infections substantially contribute to cancer development. Oncogenic viruses are taxonomically heterogeneous and drive cancers using diverse strategies, including epigenomic dysregulation. Here, we discuss how oncogenic viruses disrupt epigenetic homeostasis to drive cancer and focus on how virally mediated dysregulation of host and viral epigenomes impacts the hallmarks of cancer. To illustrate the relationship between epigenetics and viral life cycles, we describe how epigenetic changes facilitate the human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle and how changes to this process can spur malignancy. We also highlight the clinical impact of virally mediated epigenetic changes on cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe A MacLennan
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
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9
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He Y, Han P, Chen C, Xie S, Zhang H, Song Y, Hu H, Zhao Q, Lian C. circPTPN22 attenuates immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer via STAT3 acetylation. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:559-566. [PMID: 34471233 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating research implicated that circular RNAs exhibited significant roles in cancer development. Nonetheless, the role regarding circPTPN22 in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. Expression of circPTPN22 in pancreatic cancer cell lines and normal cells was determined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assay were used to measure the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. RNA immunoprecipitation and Western blot were employed for investigation the binding between circPTPN22 and STAT3. circPTPN22 expression was highly upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of circPTPN22 inhibited cell proliferation and attenuates pancreatic cancer immune microenvironment. Furthermore, STAT3 acetylation was involved in these effects. circPTPN22 promoted STAT3 acetylation via inhibiting STAT3/SIRT1 interaction. circPTPN22 attenuates pancreatic cancer immune microenvironment by promoting STAT3 acetylation via inhibiting STAT3/SIRT1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Pengyong Han
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Second People's Hospital of Huai'an City, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuzhe Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yingming Song
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Changhong Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Heping Hospital, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China.
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10
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The Impact of YRNAs on HNSCC and HPV Infection. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030681. [PMID: 36979661 PMCID: PMC10045647 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HPV infection is one of the most important risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma among younger patients. YRNAs are short non-coding RNAs involved in DNA replication. YRNAs have been found to be dysregulated in many cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this study, we investigated the role of YRNAs in HPV-positive HNSCC using publicly available gene expression datasets from HNSCC tissue, where expression patterns of YRNAs in HPV(+) and HPV(−) HNSCC samples significantly differed. Additionally, HNSCC cell lines were treated with YRNA1-overexpressing plasmid and RNA derived from these cell lines was used to perform a NGS analysis. Additionally, a deconvolution analysis was performed to determine YRNA1’s impact on immune cells. YRNA expression levels varied according to cancer pathological and clinical stages, and correlated with more aggressive subtypes. YRNAs were mostly associated with more advanced cancer stages in the HPV(+) group, and YRNA3 and YRNA1 expression levels were found to be correlated with more advanced clinical stages despite HPV infection status, showing that they may function as potential biomarkers of more advanced stages of the disease. YRNA5 was associated with less-advanced cancer stages in the HPV(−) group. Overall survival and progression-free survival analyses showed opposite results between the HPV groups. The expression of YRNAs, especially YRNA1, correlated with a vast number of proteins and cellular processes associated with viral infections and immunologic responses to viruses. HNSCC-derived cell lines overexpressing YRNA1 were then used to determine the correlation of YRNA1 and the expression of genes associated with HPV infections. Taken together, our results highlight the potential of YRNAs as possible HNSCC biomarkers and new molecular targets.
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11
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Qi X, Yan Q, Shang Y, Zhao R, Ding X, Gao SJ, Li W, Lu C. A viral interferon regulatory factor degrades RNA-binding protein hnRNP Q1 to enhance aerobic glycolysis via recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase KLHL3 and decaying GDPD1 mRNA. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:2233-2246. [PMID: 35538151 PMCID: PMC9613757 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of host metabolism is a common strategy of viral evasion of host cells, and is essential for successful viral infection and induction of cancer in the context cancer viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-associated cancer caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. KSHV-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 (vIRF1) regulates multiple signaling pathways and plays an important role in KSHV infection and oncogenesis. However, the role of vIRF1 in KSHV-induced metabolic reprogramming remains elusive. Here we show that vIRF1 increases glucose uptake, ATP production and lactate secretion by downregulating heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein Q1 (hnRNP Q1). Mechanistically, vIRF1 upregulates and recruits E3 ubiquitin ligase Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3) to degrade hnRNP Q1 through a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, hnRNP Q1 binds to and stabilizes the mRNA of glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 1 (GDPD1). However, vIRF1 targets hnRNP Q1 for degradation, which destabilizes GDPD1 mRNA, resulting in induction of aerobic glycolysis. These results reveal a novel role of vIRF1 in KSHV metabolic reprogramming, and identifying a potential therapeutic target for KSHV infection and KSHV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yuancui Shang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Runran Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Xiangya Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Tumor Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China.
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.
| | - Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China.
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.
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12
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Rahmani-Kukia N, Abbasi A. New insights on circular RNAs and their potential applications as biomarkers, therapeutic agents, and preventive vaccines in viral infections: with a glance at SARS-CoV-2. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 29:705-717. [PMID: 35992045 PMCID: PMC9375856 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of viral infections and approaches to handling them are very challenging and require prompt diagnosis and timely treatment. Recently, genomic medicine approaches have come up with the discovery of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) on the basis of gene silencing. CircRNAs, as a group of non-encoded RNAs, make a loop-like structure by back-splicing through 3′ and 5′ ends. They are stable, abundant, specific, and highly conserved and can be quickly generated at large scales in vitro. CircRNAs have the potential to contribute in several cellular processes in a way that some serve as microRNA sponges, cellular transporters, protein-binding RNAs, transcriptional regulators, and immune system modulators. CircRNAs can even play an important role in modulating antiviral immune responses. In the present review, circRNAs’ biogenesis, function, and biomarker and therapeutic potential as well as their prospective applications as vaccines against viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 are explained. By considering their unique properties, their potential to be used as novel vaccines, biomarkers, and a therapeutic approach appears possible.
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13
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Human Gammaherpesvirus 8 Oncogenes Associated with Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137203. [PMID: 35806208 PMCID: PMC9266852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), contains oncogenes and proteins that modulate various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis, and is integral to KSHV infection and oncogenicity. In this review, we describe the most important KSHV genes [ORF 73 (LANA), ORF 72 (vCyclin), ORF 71 or ORFK13 (vFLIP), ORF 74 (vGPCR), ORF 16 (vBcl-2), ORF K2 (vIL-6), ORF K9 (vIRF 1)/ORF K10.5, ORF K10.6 (vIRF 3), ORF K1 (K1), ORF K15 (K15), and ORF 36 (vPK)] that have the potential to induce malignant phenotypic characteristics of Kaposi’s sarcoma. These oncogenes can be explored in prospective studies as future therapeutic targets of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
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14
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Harper KL, Mottram TJ, Anene CA, Foster B, Patterson MR, McDonnell E, Macdonald A, Westhead D, Whitehouse A. Dysregulation of the miR‐30c/DLL4 axis by circHIPK3 is essential for KSHV lytic replication. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54117. [PMID: 35239998 PMCID: PMC9066072 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Harper
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Timothy J Mottram
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Chinedu A Anene
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Becky Foster
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Molly R Patterson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Euan McDonnell
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Andrew Macdonald
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - David Westhead
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Adrian Whitehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Rhodes University Grahamstown South Africa
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15
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Sheng L, Chen C, Chen Y, He Y, Zhuang R, Gu Y, Yan Q, Li W, Lu C. vFLIP-regulated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks targeting lytic induction for KSHV-associated malignancies. J Med Virol 2022; 94:2766-2775. [PMID: 35149992 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes life-long latent infection and malignancies, including Kaposi sarcoma (KS) commonly found in AIDS patients. Lytic replication can be induced to kill tumor cells harboring latent KSHV, through viral cytopathic effects and the subsequent antiviral immune responses. Viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP), encoded by KSHV ORF K13, inhibits KSHV lytic reactivation, implying that the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks regulated by vFLIP can be modulated to induce the lytic reactivation of latent KSHV, a promising strategy for KSHV-associated malignancies. Here, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing to reveal the global landscape of non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in iSLK-RGB-BAC16 cells and iSLK-RGB-K13 mutant cells. It showed that vFLIP regulated 227 differently expressed (DE) lncRNAs, 57 DE circRNAs, 20 DE miRNAs and 1371 DE mRNAs. Enrichment analysis verified that riboflavin metabolism was simultaneously enriched in DE genes related to miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs. The upregulated hsa-miR-378i and hsa-miR-3654, and downregulated miR-4467, miR-3163, miR-4451 and miR-4257 were significantly enriched in the ceRNA complex network, which contained 9 upregulated and 7 downregulated circRNAs, 5 upregulated and 85 downregulated lncRNAs, 5 upregulated and 35 downregulated mRNAs. Finally, we constructed and validated two vFLIP-regulated ceRNA networks: circRNA hsa_circ_0070049/hsa-miR-378i/SPEG/FOXQ1 and lncRNA AL031123.1/hsa-miR-378i/SPEG/FOXQ1. Taken together, the two ceRNA networks may mediate KSHV reactivation. These novel findings refreshed the present understanding of ceRNA network in KSHV lytic induction and provided potential therapeutic targets for KSHV-associated malignancies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxue Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yujia He
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yang Gu
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Chun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, P. R. China.,Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
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16
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The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of Virus Replication and Resultant Cellular Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020815. [PMID: 35055001 PMCID: PMC8775676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs, particularly lncRNAs and miRNAs, have recently been shown to regulate different steps in viral infections and induction of immune responses against viruses. Expressions of several host and viral lncRNAs have been found to be altered during viral infection. These lncRNAs can exert antiviral function via inhibition of viral infection or stimulation of antiviral immune response. Some other lncRNAs can promote viral replication or suppress antiviral responses. The current review summarizes the interaction between ncRNAs and herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein–Barr infections. The data presented in this review helps identify viral-related regulators and proposes novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of viral infection.
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17
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Gaglia MM. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus at 27. Tumour Virus Res 2021; 12:200223. [PMID: 34153523 PMCID: PMC8250455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) was discovered 27 years ago and its link to several pathologies - Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and the B cell variant of Multicentric Castleman disease - is now well established. However, many questions remain about how KSHV causes tumors. Here, I will review studies from the last few years (primarily 2019-2021) that report new information about KSHV biology and tumorigenesis, including new results about KSHV proteins implicated in tumorigenesis, genetic and environmental variability in KSHV-related tumor development, and potential vulnerabilities of KSHV-caused tumors that could be novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Gaglia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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18
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Lakiotaki E, Kanakoglou DS, Pampalou A, Karatrasoglou EA, Piperi C, Korkolopoulou P. Dissecting the Role of Circular RNAs in Sarcomas with Emphasis on Osteosarcomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1642. [PMID: 34829872 PMCID: PMC8615931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs generated from exons back-splicing from a single pre-mRNA, forming covalently closed loop structures which lack 5'-3'-polarity or polyadenylated tail. Ongoing research depicts that circRNAs play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, metastatic potential and chemoresistance by regulating transcription, microRNA (miRNA) sponging, RNA-binding protein interactions, alternative splicing and to a lesser degree, protein coding. Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors stemming from mesenchymal cells. Due to their clinically insidious onset, they often present at advanced stage and their treatment may require aggressive chemotherapeutic or surgical options. This review is mainly focused on the regulatory functions of circRNAs on osteosarcoma progression and their potential role as biomarkers, an area which has prompted lately extensive research. The attributed oncogenic role of circRNAs on other mesenchymal tumors such as Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) or Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs) is also described. The involvement of circRNAs on sarcoma oncogenesis and relevant emerging diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications are expected to gain more research interest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Dimitrios S. Kanakoglou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Andromachi Pampalou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Eleni A. Karatrasoglou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.S.K.); (A.P.); (E.A.K.); (P.K.)
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19
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Wan J, Ding G, Zhou M, Ling X, Rao Z. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0002483 promotes growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma by sponging miR-125a-3p. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:533. [PMID: 34641879 PMCID: PMC8513360 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence indicates that the aberrant expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC). However, the function and molecular mechanisms of hsa_circ_0002483 (circ_0002483) in LUAC remain unclear. Methods The association between circ_0002483 expression and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with LUAC was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The functional experiments such as CCK-8, colony formation and Transwell assays and a subcutaneous tumor model were conducted to determine the role of circ_0002483 in LUAC cells. The specific binding between circ_0002483 and miR-125a-3p was validated by RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase gene report and qRT-PCR assays. The effects of circ_0002483 on miR-125a-3p-mediated C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4)-CCR5 axis were assessed by Western blot analysis. Results We found that circ_0002483 was upregulated in LUAC tissue samples and associated with Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage and poor survival in patients with LUAC. Knockdown of circ_0002483 inhibited proliferation, colony formation and invasion of A549 and PC9 cells in vitro, whereas overexpression of circ_0002483 harbored the opposite effects. Furthermore, circ_0002483 sponged miR-125a-3p and negatively regulated its expression. CCL4 was identified as a direct target of miR-125a-3p. The rescue experiments showed that miR-125a-3p mimics reversed the tumor-promoting effects of circ_0002483 by targeting CCL4-CCR5 axis in A549 and PC9 cells. In addition, the in vivo experiment further validated that knockdown of circ_0002483 repressed tumor growth. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that circ_0002483 could act as a sponge of miR-125a-3p to upregulate CCL4-CCR5 axis, contributing to the tumorigenesis of LUAC, and represent a potential therapeutic target for LUAC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02241-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Guanggui Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xiean Ling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zhanpeng Rao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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20
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Pietropaolo V, Prezioso C, Moens U. Role of Virus-Induced Host Cell Epigenetic Changes in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158346. [PMID: 34361112 PMCID: PMC8346956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor viruses human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) account for approximately 15% of all human cancers. Although the oncoproteins of these tumor viruses display no sequence similarity to one another, they use the same mechanisms to convey cancer hallmarks on the infected cell. Perturbed gene expression is one of the underlying mechanisms to induce cancer hallmarks. Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, and circular RNA affect gene expression without introducing changes in the DNA sequence. Increasing evidence demonstrates that oncoviruses cause epigenetic modifications, which play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis. In this review, recent advances in the role of host cell epigenetic changes in virus-induced cancers are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pietropaolo
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- IRCSS San Raffaele Roma, Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-Degenerative Pathologies, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Moens
- Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (U.M.)
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21
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Ogata FT, Branco V, Vale FF, Coppo L. Glutaredoxin: Discovery, redox defense and much more. Redox Biol 2021; 43:101975. [PMID: 33932870 PMCID: PMC8102999 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin, Grx, is a small protein containing an active site cysteine pair and was discovered in 1976 by Arne Holmgren. The Grx system, comprised of Grx, glutathione, glutathione reductase, and NADPH, was first described as an electron donor for Ribonucleotide Reductase but, from the first discovery in E.coli, the Grx family has impressively grown, particularly in the last two decades. Several isoforms have been described in different organisms (from bacteria to humans) and with different functions. The unique characteristic of Grxs is their ability to catalyse glutathione-dependent redox regulation via glutathionylation, the conjugation of glutathione to a substrate, and its reverse reaction, deglutathionylation. Grxs have also recently been enrolled in iron sulphur cluster formation. These functions have been implied in various physiological and pathological conditions, from immune defense to neurodegeneration and cancer development thus making Grx a possible drug target. This review aims to give an overview on Grxs, starting by a phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate Grxs, followed by an analysis of the mechanisms of action, the specific characteristics of the different human isoforms and a discussion on aspects related to human physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando T Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, CTCMol, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Mirassol, 207. 04044-010, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Vasco Branco
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa F Vale
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
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