1
|
Aleassa EM, Papasavas P, Augustin T, Khorgami Z, Benson-Davies S, Ghiassi S, Carter J, Nimeri A. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery literature review on the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass limb lengths on outcomes. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:755-762. [PMID: 37268517 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.04.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This literature review is issued by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery regarding limb lengths in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and their effect on metabolic and bariatric outcomes. Limbs in RYGB consist of the alimentary and biliopancreatic limbs and the common channel. Variation of limb lengths in primary RYGB and as a revisional option for weight recurrence after RYGB are described in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Essa M Aleassa
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Toms Augustin
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Zhamak Khorgami
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Community Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma
| | - Sue Benson-Davies
- Department of Surgery, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Saber Ghiassi
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Abdelrahman Nimeri
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Unique long-term simultaneous complications of conventional Roux-en-Y gastric bypass after 27 years: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 101:107787. [PMID: 36434869 PMCID: PMC9685287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We report a case of late concomitant complications caused by conventional Roux-en-Y gastric bypaas and its managements. PRESENTATION OF CASE A 62-year-old male presented 27 years after conventional gastric bypass Y-de-Roux (BGYR) with, sudden, moderate intensity abdominal pain, nausea, biliary vomiting and hyporexia. Persistent abdominal pain was constant, so a thoracoabdominal tomography was requested by the surgeon. It confirmed the presence of intestinal intussusception associated with lithiasis and cholecystitis. The patient reported having lost 45 kg since the BGYR. He goes to the operating room for definitive management. DISCUSSION The etiology of post-BGYR intussusception is largely unknown, and multiple hypotheses have been created, such as the iatrogenic stitch created by the suture line in the entero-enteric anastomosis and the most common pattern found is antegrade. The use of contrasted CT as the most reliable diagnostic method. CONCLUSION The importance of taking into account the possible complications existing in bariatric patients and their frequency gives us the opportunity to suspect and detect them in time and in the most cases the management must be surgical.
Collapse
|
3
|
Short versus long biliopancreatic limb in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Wideochir Inne Tech Maloinwazyjne 2020; 16:129-138. [PMID: 33786126 PMCID: PMC7991953 DOI: 10.5114/wiitm.2020.99997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is still widely accepted as a valid procedure in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), there continues to be a significant controversy about how long the Roux and biliopancreatic limb should be bypassed for optimum results. Aim To assess the effect of a longer biliopancreatic limb (BPL) length on glycemic control after RYGB in T2DM patients. Material and methods Eighty-four patients with uncontrolled T2DM who underwent RYGB between May 2010 and April 2017 were collected from the prospectively designed database. Forty patients (S-BPL group) received BPL lengths ≤ 50 cm, including 30 cm (n = 1), 40 cm (n = 1), and 50 cm (n = 38). Forty-four patients (L-BPL group) received 100 cm BPL. Anthropometry, serum glucose and lipid metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. Results Comparing the two groups, there were no significant differences in anthropometric and biochemical measures, except the weight and body mass index, which were higher in the S-BPL group (85.91 ±20.32 vs. 76.25 ±16.99, p = 0.038; 31.87 ±6.61 vs. 28.7 ±4.29, p = 0.005) compared to the L-BPL group. The body weight, glucose and lipid metabolic parameters decreased over time and then remained essentially stable from the first year in both groups. Two years after surgery, the remission (HbA1c% ≤ 6%) of T2DM was 31.2% in the S-BPL group and 37.5% in the L-BPL group (p = 0.685). Conclusions With consistent total small bowel bypass (AL + BPL) lengths, lengthening of the BPL from 30 to 100 cm did not affect the post-RYGB glycemic control and weight loss.
Collapse
|
4
|
Whether a Short or Long Alimentary Limb Influences Weight Loss in Gastric Bypass: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Obes Surg 2019; 28:3701-3710. [PMID: 30187422 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, the most commonly performed procedure in bariatric surgery, still lacks a consensus on whether alimentary limb length (ALL) influences weight loss. Studies were identified by searching multiple electronic databases. Studies with enough data including body mass index (BMI) loss and percent excess weight loss (% EWL) were eligible. The statistical analysis was performed with Stata 14.0. In total, eight studies with 1714 patients were included. The meta-analysis suggested that short ALLs weakened the efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in terms of BMI loss (standard mean deviation (SMD), - 0.33 [95% confidence intervals (CI), - 0.60, - 0.05], p = 0.021) with 3 years of follow-up and % EWL (SMD, - 0.17 [95% CI, - 0.31, - 0.04], p = 0.013) with 2 years of follow-up. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that the group with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 had a significant SMD between the use of short and the standard ALLs (- 0.71 [95% CI, - 1.07, - 0.35], p = 0.000), while the subgroup with a BMI < 50 kg/m2 (SMD, - 0.29 [95% CI, - 0.78, 0.20], p = 0.247) did not. Compared with a standard ALL (130-150 cm), a short ALL (40-100 cm) may reduce the efficacy of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, while a long ALL (170-250 cm) did not significantly improve the effects in terms of BMI loss and % EWL. In addition, a potential view of the meta-analysis indicated patients with a BMI < 50 kg/m2 might get more benefits with a short ALL, while those patients with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 might benefit more from a standard ALL.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of weight loss on obesity-related colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is not well defined. Previous studies have suggested that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery may have an unexpected adverse impact on CRC risk. This study aimed to investigate the impact of RYGB on biomarkers of CRC risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rectal mucosal biopsies and blood were obtained from patients undergoing RYGB (n = 22) and non-obese control participants (n = 20) at baseline and at a median of 6.5 months after surgery. Markers of systemic inflammation and glucose homeostasis were measured. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes and proto-oncogenes in the rectal mucosa was quantified using qPCR. Crypt cell proliferation state of the rectal mucosa was assessed by counting mitotic figures in whole micro-dissected crypts. RESULTS At 6.5 months post-surgery, participants had lost 29 kg body mass and showed improvements in markers of glucose homeostasis and in systemic inflammation. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the rectal mucosa did not increase and COX-1 expression fell significantly (P = 0.019). The mean number of mitoses per crypt decreased from 6.5 to 4.3 (P = 0.028) after RYGB. CONCLUSION RYGB in obese adults led to lower rectal crypt cell proliferation, reduced systemic and mucosal markers of inflammation and improvements in glucose regulation. These consistent findings of reduced markers of tumourigenic potential suggest that surgically induced weight loss may lower CRC risk.
Collapse
|
6
|
Conversion of standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to distal bypass for weight loss failure and metabolic syndrome: 3-year follow-up and evolution of technique to reduce nutritional complications. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:554-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Mazidi M, de Caravatto PPP, Speakman JR, Cohen RV. Mechanisms of Action of Surgical Interventions on Weight-Related Diseases: the Potential Role of Bile Acids. Obes Surg 2017; 27:826-836. [PMID: 28091894 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surgical interventions for weight-related diseases (SWRD) may have substantial and sustainable effect on weight reduction, also leading to a higher remission rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus than any other medical treatment or lifestyle intervention. The resolution of T2D after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) typically occurs too quickly to be accounted for by weight loss alone, suggesting that these operations have a direct impact on glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects however remain unclear. Recent research suggests that changes in the concentrations of plasma bile acids might contribute to these metabolic changes after surgery. In this review, we aimed to outline the potential role of bile acids in SWRD. We systematically reviewed MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science for articles reporting the effect of SWRD on outcomes published between 1969 and 2016. We found that changes in circulating bile acids after surgery may play a major role through activation of the farnesoid X receptor A (FXRA), the fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), and the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5). Bile acid concentration increased significantly after RYGB. Some studies suggest that a transitory decrease occurs at 1 week post-surgery, followed by a gradual increase. Most studies have shown the increase to be proportionate by all bile acid subtypes. Bile acids can regulate glucose metabolism through the expression of TGR5 receptor in L cells, resulting in a release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). It may also induce the synthesis and secretion of FGF19 in ileal cells, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and regulating glucose metabolism. All the present SWRD are involved with changes in food stimulation to the stomach. This implies that discovering and developing the antagonists to TGR5 and FXRA may effectively control metabolic syndrome and the elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the physiological effects related to weight loss and T2D remission after surgery may help to identify new drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro Paulo P de Caravatto
- The Center for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, Rua Cincinato Braga, 37 5o. andar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Ricardo V Cohen
- The Center for Obesity and Diabetes, Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital, Rua Cincinato Braga, 37 5o. andar, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric procedures are increasingly being used to combat the rising obesity epidemic. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of these interventions on bowel habit. METHODS We recruited obese adults listed for a bariatric procedure. Demographic data, medical history, medications and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Bowel habit was characterized using a 7-day Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) diary. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess diet. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were assessed pre-operatively and at a median of 6.4 months post-operatively. Nineteen had a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), five had a sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and two had an intra-gastric balloon (IGB) with median percentage excess weight loss (% EWL) of 67.9, 52.4 and 31.3 %, respectively. Dietary fibre intake decreased from 24.4 (±12.1) g/day pre-operatively to 17.5 (±7.3) g/day post-operatively (P = 0.008). Frequency of bowel motions decreased from 8.6 (±3.5) to 5.7 (±3.5) motions/week (P = 0.001). Mean usual BSFS score decreased (towards firmer stool) from 4.1 (±1.3) pre-operatively to 3.1 (±1.9) post-operatively (P = 0.016). Constipation increased from 8 to 27 %, but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.125). CONCLUSIONS Constipation is a common problem after bariatric surgery. The decrease in bowel motion frequency and change towards firmer stools suggest prolonged intestinal transit time after bariatric procedures. Reduction in dietary fibre intake is likely to be a contributory factor.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahawar KK, Kumar P, Parmar C, Graham Y, Carr WRJ, Jennings N, Schroeder N, Balupuri S, Small PK. Small Bowel Limb Lengths and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Systematic Review. Obes Surg 2016; 26:660-71. [PMID: 26749410 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-016-2050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no consensus on the combined length of small bowel that should be bypassed as biliopancreatic or alimentary limb for optimum results with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. A number of different limb lengths exist, and there is significant variation in practice amongst surgeons. Inevitably, this means that some patients have too much small bowel bypassed and end up with malnutrition and others end up with a less effective operation. Lack of standardisation poses further problems with interpretation and comparison of scientific literature. This systematic review concludes that a range of 100-200 cm for combined length of biliopancreatic or alimentary limb gives optimum results with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in most patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal K Mahawar
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK.
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chetan Parmar
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK
| | - Yitka Graham
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK.,Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well-Being, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, SR1 3SD, UK
| | - William R J Carr
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK
| | - Neil Jennings
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK
| | | | - Shlok Balupuri
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK
| | - Peter K Small
- Bariatric Unit, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, SR4 7TP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A short or a long Roux limb in gastric bypass surgery: does it matter? Surg Endosc 2016; 31:1882-1890. [PMID: 27553795 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-016-5188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) still remains the gold standard in bariatric surgery. However, no consensus exists on the optimal limb lengths to induce maximum weight reduction. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a longer alimentary limb (AL) length on weight reduction after RYGB. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent a primary laparoscopic RYGB between January 2001 and March 2011 was performed. Patients received a short AL (SAL; 100 cm) or a long AL (LAL; 150 cm). Primary outcome was weight loss, and secondary outcomes were short- and long-term complication rates. RESULTS A total of 768 patients received a RYGB during the study period. Of these, 730 consecutive patients were included for long-term analysis and had a mean follow-up (FU) of 37 ± 26 [range 0-120] months; 360 (47 %) patients received a SAL RYGB. Overall %TBWL was 33 ± 9 % after 2 years (FU 74 %) and 28 ± 12 % after 5 years (FU 20 %). No significant differences in %TBWL were found between SAL RYGB and LAL RYGB during the study period. The 30-day mortality rate was 0.13, 9 % overall short-term complication rate and 19 % cumulative long-term complication rate. No differences in complications were found between SAL and LAL RYGB patients. CONCLUSION Lengthening of the alimentary limb from 100 to 150 cm did not affect post-RYGB weight loss. Overall complication rates were low and comparable in this series of RYGB patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Perioperative Outcomes of Proximal and Distal Gastric Bypass in Patients with BMI Ranged 50-60 kg/m(2)--A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Obes Surg 2016; 25:1788-95. [PMID: 25761943 PMCID: PMC4559572 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-015-1621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Proximal Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may not ensure adequate weight loss in superobese patients. Bypassing a longer segment of the small bowel may increase weight loss. The objective of the study was to compare the perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic proximal and distal gastric bypass in a double-blind randomized controlled trial of superobese patients. The study was conducted at two public tertiary care obesity centers in Norway. Methods Patients with body mass index (BMI) 50–60 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a proximal (150 cm alimentary limb) or a distal (150 cm common channel) gastric bypass. The biliopancreatic limb was 50 cm in both operations. Patients and follow-up personnel were blinded to the type of procedure. Thirty-day outcomes including complications are reported. Results We operated on 115 patients, of whom two were excluded at surgery, leaving 56 and 57 patients in the proximal group and distal group, respectively. The median (range) operating time was 72 (36–151) and 101 (59–227) min, respectively (p < 0.001). Two distal procedures were converted to laparotomy during the primary procedure. Median length of hospital stay was 2 (1–4) days in the proximal group and 2 (1–24) days in the distal group. The number of patients with complications and complications categorized according to the Contracted Accordion classification did not differ significantly. However, all six reoperations were performed in the distal group, of which three were completed by laparoscopy (p = 0.01 between groups). There were no deaths. Conclusions In superobese patients with BMI between 50 and 60 kg/m2, distal gastric bypass was associated with longer operating time and more severe complications resulting in reoperation than proximal gastric bypass.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nergaard BJ, Leifsson BG, Hedenbro J, Gislason H. Gastric bypass with long alimentary limb or long pancreato-biliary limb--long-term results on weight loss, resolution of co-morbidities and metabolic parameters. Obes Surg 2015; 24:1595-602. [PMID: 24744188 PMCID: PMC4153949 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-014-1245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies indicate that increasing the alimentary limb length in gastric bypass surgery produces only a minor improvement of excess BMI loss. Few studies have addressed the efficacy of increasing the length of the pancreatico-biliary limb. Methods Here, we present a prospective randomized study of 187 consecutive laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass operations operated over 2 years (2004–2005) in Iceland. The patients were operated with a gastric bypass with either a 2-m biliopancreatic (BP)-limb and a 60-cm alimentary (A)-limb (n = 93) or with a 150-cm A-limb and a 60-cm BP-limb (n = 94). Results Preoperative median BMI was 44.1 (38–70), median age 35.5 (17–74) years, and 85 % of the patients were female. Follow-up rate after 5 years was 85 %. Eighteen months following surgery, the weight loss was significantly higher in the BP-limb group (p < 0.001), and this difference remained 7 years after surgery. Weight regain occurred in both groups, and 7 years after surgery, excess BMI loss (EBMIL) was 78.4 % in the BP-limb group compared to 67.1 % in the A-limb group (p < 0.001). Most patients (78 %) needed supplementation adjustment (iron, vitamin D and calcium) during the study period, significantly more often in the BP-limb group compared to the A-limb group (p < 0.001). Patients in the BP-limb group had more frequent stools than patients in the A-limb group; otherwise, gastro-intestinal symptoms rating scoring were comparable. Complication rate was similar. Conclusions Gastric bypass with a 2-m BP-limb gives better weight loss than gastric bypass with a 60-cm BP-limb and a 150-cm A-limb. Metabolic follow-up is of utmost importance, as most patients needed repeated adjustments of their supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bent Johnny Nergaard
- Department of Surgery, Aleris Hospital, Fredrik Stangs Gate 11-13, 0264 Oslo, Norway
- Aleris Obesity Skane, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Björn Geir Leifsson
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Surgery, Aleris Hospital, Fredrik Stangs Gate 11-13, 0264 Oslo, Norway
- Aleris Obesity Skane, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Jan Hedenbro
- Department of Surgery, Aleris Hospital, Fredrik Stangs Gate 11-13, 0264 Oslo, Norway
- Aleris Obesity Skane, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Hjörtur Gislason
- Department of Surgery, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Surgery, Aleris Hospital, Fredrik Stangs Gate 11-13, 0264 Oslo, Norway
- Aleris Obesity Skane, Kristianstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Surgical Results of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Super Obese Patients With BMI≥60 in China. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2014; 24:e216-20. [PMID: 24732734 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
14
|
Luo HZ, Chen H, Wang Y, Deng HZ, Guo ZG, Li JY. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on glucose metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:2945-2949. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i28.2945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) on glucose metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
METHODS: Twenty obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent LRYGB. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), C peptide (C-P), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and fasting insulin (Fins) were recorded before surgery and at the 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th, and 24th week after surgery. Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated and compared.
RESULTS: LRYGB was successful in all the patients, without intraoperative complications or conversion to open surgery. FBG decreased from 11.25 mmol/L ± 3.36 mmol/L before surgery to 6.21 mmol/L ± 0.52 mmol/L at the 24th week after surgery (P < 0.05), 2 h PBG from 15.33 mmol/L ± 2.54 mmol/L to 8.78 mmol/L ± 1.51 mmol/L (P < 0.05), HbA1C from 9.05% ± 1.27% to 6.53% ± 0.58% (P < 0.05), HOMA-IR from 7.16 ± 0.65 to 3.84 ± 0.47 (P < 0.05), and Fins increased from 11.24 mU/L ± 0.98 mU/L to 12.03 mU/L ± 0.75 mU/L (P > 0.05). The total effective rate was 100%, the recovery rate was 85%, and the improvement rate was 15%.
CONCLUSION: LRYGB can significantly reduce plasma glucose levels and improve glucose metabolism in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
|
15
|
Benson-Davies S, Davies ML, Kattelmann K. Energy Balance Following Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Pilot Study of Daily Caloric Intake and Step Count. Bariatr Surg Pract Patient Care 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/bari.2013.9997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kendra Kattelmann
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brooking, South Dakota
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Short versus long Roux-limb length in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for the treatment of morbid and super obesity: a systematic review of the literature. Obes Surg 2011; 21:797-804. [PMID: 21479976 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-011-0409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Because of an important burden of disease, obesity is a major public health challenge in the twenty-first century. Where medico-psychological management has shown its limitations, bariatric surgery is now acknowledged as the most efficient therapy potentially offered to severely obese patients. Among other options, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) is the most frequently performed procedure. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate the effect of the Roux- (alimentary) limb length on postoperative weight loss after RYGBP in severely obese patients. MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched using terms related to Roux-limb, gastric bypass and obesity. To be included, studies had to be either randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies comparing a shorter to a longer Roux-limb. Studies were critically appraised with regard to methodological components. Eight studies were reviewed. Variations in methodology, operation design and outcome assessment among studies caused considerable clinical heterogeneity, preventing us from performing a meta-analysis. The overall quality was questionable, owing to lack of rigor in methodological components reporting. Results were heterogeneous, but we identified a trend supporting that the construction of a longer Roux-limb is more efficient in super obese patients. This review suggests that the tailoring of a longer Roux-limb might only be efficient in super obese patients. The overall limited quality of the included studies prompts to call for improvement in trial design in surgery.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gastric By-pass with Fixed 230-cm-Long Common Limb and Variable Alimentary and Biliopancreatic Limbs in Morbid Obesity. Obes Surg 2011; 21:1879-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-011-0432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
18
|
Stefanidis D, Kuwada TS, Gersin KS. The importance of the length of the limbs for gastric bypass patients--an evidence-based review. Obes Surg 2011; 21:119-24. [PMID: 20680504 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-010-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ideal length of the gastric bypass limbs is debated. Recent evidence suggests that standard limb lengths used today have a limited impact on patient weight loss. Our objective was to appraise critically the available evidence on the influence of the length of gastric bypass limbs on weight loss outcomes. We systematically reviewed MEDLINE, the Cochrane database of evidence-based reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects for articles reporting the effect of gastric bypass length on outcomes published between 1987 and 2009. Four randomized controlled trials and several retrospective studies were identified and reviewed. Longer Roux limb lengths (at least 150 cm) were associated with a very modest weight loss advantage in the short term in superobese patients. No significant impact of alimentary limb length on weight loss for patients with body mass index (BMI) <50 was seen. When the length of the common channel approaches 100 cm, a significant impact on weight loss is observed. The currently available literature supports the notion that a longer Roux limb (at least 150 cm) may be associated with a very modest weight loss advantage in the short term in superobese patients but has no significant impact on patients with BMI ≤50. To achieve weight loss benefit due to malabsorption, bariatric surgeons should focus on the length of the common channel rather than the alimentary or biliopancreatic limbs when constructing a gastric bypass especially in the superobese population where failure rates after conventional gastric bypass are higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stefanidis
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Carolinas Weight Management and Wellness Center, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Brolin RE. Comment on: Five-year outcome with gastric bypass: Roux limb length makes a difference. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
20
|
Müller MK, Räder S, Wildi S, Hauser R, Clavien PA, Weber M. Long-term follow-up of proximal versus distal laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Br J Surg 2008; 95:1375-9. [PMID: 18844274 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic gastric bypass is the 'gold standard' for treatment of morbidly obese patients in many centres. There is debate regarding the optimal length for small bowel limbs. This study aimed to determine whether the proximal or distal approach is better. METHODS Twenty-five patients undergoing primary distal gastric bypass in 2000-2002 were randomly matched for age, sex and preoperative body mass index (BMI) with 25 patients having a primary proximal bypass. All distal operations were performed laparoscopically; one proximal procedure was converted to open surgery. RESULTS Mean operating time was 170 min for proximal and 242 min for distal bypasses (P = 0.004); median hospital stay was similar in the two groups. There were no deaths and the overall complication rate was similar, as was weight loss at 4 years: BMI decreased from 45.9 to 31.7 kg/m2 for the proximal and from 45.8 to 33.1 kg/m2 for the distal approach. Co-morbidities decreased after surgery in both groups; the prevalence of diabetes, arterial hypertension and dyslipidaemia at all time points was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION Proximal and distal laparoscopic gastric bypass operations are feasible and safe, with no differences in weight loss or reduction of co-morbidity in unselected morbidly obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Müller
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Five-year outcome with gastric bypass: Roux limb length makes a difference. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2008; 5:242-7; discussion 247-9. [PMID: 18996751 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2008.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical reports have indicated that longer Roux limbs (150 cm) have greater or no effect on long-term weight loss in super-obese patients (body mass index [BMI]>or=50 kg/m2) and little effect in less obese patients. METHODS The weight loss outcomes through 5 years were compared in 3 sequential groups of patients, who underwent gastric bypass by 1 surgeon, and in whom the Roux limb lengths were different. Comparisons were made between 2 cohorts: those with a BMI of <50 (morbid obesity [MO]) and those with a BMI>or=50 kg/m2 (super obesity [SO]). Three groups of patients stratified by Roux limb lengths were compared: group 1, 41-61-cm Roux limb; group 2, 130-160-cm Roux limb; and group 3, 115-250-cm Roux limb (one third of small bowel). All comparisons were made using 2-way analysis of variance, and the interaction terms were not significant. RESULTS A comparable number of patients were in each group, and the average preoperative weights were similar; however, more than twice as many patients in groups 2 and 3 were SO than MO. The BMI loss and weight loss were similar in each group. The greater BMI cohort (SO) lost more weight than did the MO cohort (P<.001). The BMI change and weight change in the shorter Roux limb group were less than those in groups 2 or 3 (longer Roux limbs; P<.01-.05). This difference was established with the BMI by 18 months. The BMI change and weight loss were not different between groups 2 and 3, presumably because their mean Roux limb lengths were not different. A limited amount of weight gain or recidivism occurred in patients with 5 years of follow-up, and it was not different among the 3 groups. CONCLUSION The results of this study have shown that longer Roux limbs improve weight loss outcomes both early and late in SO patients but not in MO patients. Clinically used long lengths of Roux limbs are close enough to one third of the total small bowel length such that the weight outcomes were not different, and total length should not need to be measured operatively. The eventual changes attributed to recidivism were not affected by the Roux limb length.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pinheiro JS, Schiavon CA, Pereira PB, Correa JL, Noujaim P, Cohen R. Long-long limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is more efficacious in treatment of type 2 diabetes and lipid disorders in super-obese patients. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2008; 4:521-5; discussion 526-7. [PMID: 18539540 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2007.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Super-obese patients can achieve adequate weight loss with long limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). These patients, however, might need longer intestinal limbs to control co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes, lipid disorders, hypertension, sleep apnea, and gastroesophageal reflux disorder. METHODS A total of 105 patients with a body mass index of > or =50 kg/m(2) were randomly divided into 2 similar groups regarding sex, age, and number of co-morbidities. All underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In group 1, the length of the biliary limb was 50 cm and the length of the Roux limb was 150 cm. In group 2, the length of the biliary limb was 100 cm and the length of the Roux limb was 250 cm. RESULTS The follow-up for both group was 48 months. Diabetes was controlled in 58% of group 1 and in 93% of group 2 (P <0.05). Lipid disorders improved in 57% of group 1 and in 70% of group 2 (P <0.05). No statistical difference was found in the control or improvement of hypertension, sleep apnea, or gastroesophageal reflux disorder. The excess weight loss was faster in group 1 but was similar in both groups at 48 months (70% in group 1 and 74% in group 2), with no statistical difference. CONCLUSION Patients with longer biliary and Roux limbs achieved greater type 2 diabetes control, greater lipid disorder improvement, and showed a trend toward faster excess weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose S Pinheiro
- Center for the Surgical Treatment of Morbid Obesity, Hospital São Camilo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Savassi-Rocha AL, Diniz MTC, Savassi-Rocha PR, Ferreira JT, Rodrigues de Almeida Sanches S, Diniz MDFHS, Gomes de Barros H, Fonseca IK. Influence of Jejunoileal and Common Limb Length on Weight Loss Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Obes Surg 2008; 18:1364-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-008-9475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
24
|
Al-Sabah S, Christou N. Intussusception after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2008; 4:205-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Salem L, Devlin A, Sullivan SD, Flum DR. Cost-effectiveness analysis of laparoscopic gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, and nonoperative weight loss interventions. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2007; 4:26-32. [PMID: 18069075 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) are the two most commonly performed bariatric procedures. Although both procedures likely reduce healthcare expenditures related to the resolution of co-morbid conditions, they have different rates of perioperative risks and different rates of associated weight loss. We designed a model to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness of these procedures compared with nonoperative weight loss interventions and with each other. METHODS We used a deterministic, payer-perspective model comparing the lifetime expected costs and outcomes of LAGB, LRYGB, and nonoperative treatment. The major endpoints were survival, health-related quality of life, and weight loss. Life expectancy and lifetime medical costs were calculated across age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) strata using previously published data. RESULTS For both men and women, LRYGB and LAGB were cost-effective at <$25,000/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) even when evaluating the full range of baseline BMI and estimates of adverse outcomes, weight loss, and costs. For base-case scenarios in men (age 35 y, BMI 40 kg/m(2)), the incremental cost-effectiveness was $11,604/QALY for LAGB compared with $18,543/QALY for LRYGB. For base-case scenarios in women (age 35 y, BMI 40 kg/m(2)), the incremental cost-effectiveness was $8878/QALY for LAGB compared with $14,680/QALY for LRYGB. CONCLUSION The modeled cost-effectiveness analysis showed that both operative interventions for morbid obesity, LAGB and RYGB, were cost-effective at <$25,000 and that LAGB was more cost-effective than RYGB for all base-case scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Salem
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195-6410, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ciovica R, Takata M, Vittinghoff E, Lin F, Posselt AM, Rabl C, Stein HJ, Campos GM. The impact of roux limb length on weight loss after gastric bypass. Obes Surg 2007; 18:5-10. [PMID: 18064526 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-007-9312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extending the length of the Roux limb (RL) in gastric bypass (GBP) may improve weight loss in super obese patients (body mass index [BMI] > 50 kg/m(2)), but no consensus exists about the optimal length of the RL. We sought to determine the impact of RL length on weight loss in super obese patients 1 year after GBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-year weight loss outcomes were analyzed in all super obese patients who underwent consecutive and primary laparoscopic or open GBP between January 2003 and June 2006. Patients were divided into two groups according to RL length (100 vs. 150 cm). The RL length was at the discretion of the attending surgeon. Baseline and follow-up data were collected prospectively. Multiple linear regression was used to adjust for potential confounders in the weight loss outcomes. RESULTS Twelve-month follow-up data were available in 137 (85%) of 161 patients with a BMI >or= 50 who underwent GBP during the study period. An RL of 100 or 150 cm was used in 102 (74.5%) and 35 patients (25.5%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, patients with the 150-cm RL lost more weight (68.5 vs. 55.3 kg, p < 0.01), had a greater change in BMI (25 vs. 21 kg/m(2), p = 0.01), and had greater excess weight loss (64 vs. 53%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION A 150-cm RL provides better weight loss outcomes in super obese patients at 1-year follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Ciovica
- Bariatric Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, C-341, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0790, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
McNatt SS, Longhi JJ, Goldman CD, McFadden DW. Surgery for obesity: a review of the current state of the art and future directions. J Gastrointest Surg 2007; 11:377-97. [PMID: 17458613 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-006-0053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of obesity, and the proportion of the health care budget dedicated to this health problem, is growing exponentially. There are several competing surgical approaches for the management of morbid obesity. We review the literature relating to four of these: gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion, gastric banding, and gastric pacing. Our review finds that while enhancing the malabsorptive activity of these procedures may induce an incremental increase in excess body weight loss, the proportion of patients who fail to lose more than 50% of their excess body weight is similar no matter how radical is the surgery performed. There is little guidance from the literature as to appropriate patient selection for the varying procedures, and anonymously reported registries have yet to show that patients who undergo bariatric surgery have enhanced longevity. To date, the bariatric surgical community has not conducted adequately powered randomized prospective trials to elucidate key elements of the surgical procedure such as optimal bypass length, to determine whether mixed operations are superior to those that offer intake restriction only, and to define what constitutes success after bariatric surgery. As a public health measure, bariatric surgery in the United States is being pursued in an irrational manner, being concentrated in areas where there are fewer morbidly obese patients, and used disproportionately among the population of white obese females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S McNatt
- West Virginia University Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9238, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weiner RA. Prinzip des proximaler Magen-Bypasses. Visc Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1159/000098346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
29
|
Lee S, Sahagian KG, Schriver JP. Relationship between varying Roux limb lengths and weight loss in gastric bypass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 63:259-63. [PMID: 16843777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cursur.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal Roux limb length for gastric bypass is unknown. Therefore, the effect of Roux limb length on weight loss and nutritional deficiency after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure was studied. METHODS From September 2000 to February 2004, 165 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeries were performed at William Beaumont Army Medical Center. One-year follow-ups were completed on 97 patients. Roux limbs varied from 100 cm to 150 cm, based on the patient's body mass index (BMI). Roux limb lengths were compared with 1-year changes in absolute weight, BMI, and nutritional levels. RESULTS In the 97 patients, average age at the time of surgery was 44 years (range, 20-63). Average BMI was 46.7 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2) before surgery and 30.9 +/- 5.8 kg/m(2) at 1-year follow-up. Average absolute weight loss at 1 year was 43.7 +/- 12.8 kg. A statistically significant linear relationship existed between Roux limb length and reductions in BMI and absolute weight. No relationship existed between Roux limb length and changes in nutrient levels. CONCLUSION A linear relationship exists between Roux limb length and 1-year weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhyung Lee
- General Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX 79920, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Riedt CS, Brolin RE, Sherrell RM, Field MP, Shapses SA. True fractional calcium absorption is decreased after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:1940-8. [PMID: 17135609 PMCID: PMC4016232 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered to be the gold standard alternative treatment for severe obesity. Weight loss after RYGB results primarily from decreased food intake. Inadequate calcium (Ca) intake and metabolic bone disease can occur after gastric bypass. To our knowledge, whether malabsorption of Ca contributes to an altered Ca metabolism in the RYGB patient has not been addressed previously. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We recruited 25 extremely obese women in order to study true fractional Ca absorption (TFCA) before and 6 months after RYGB surgery, using a dual stable isotope method ((42)Ca and (43)Ca) and test load of Ca (200 mg). Hormones regulating Ca absorption and markers of bone turnover were also measured. RESULTS In 21 women (BMI 52.7 +/- 8.3 kg/m(2), age 43.9 +/- 10.4 years) who successfully completed the study, TFCA decreased from 0.36 +/- 0.08 to 0.24 +/- 0.09 (p < 0.001) after RYGB. Bone turnover markers increased significantly (p < 0.01). TFCA correlated with estradiol levels (r = 0.512, p < 0.02) and tended to correlate with 1,25 (OH)(2)D (r = 0.427, p < 0.06) at final measurement. Stepwise linear regression indicated that estradiol explained 62% of the variance for TFCA at 6 months post-surgery (p < 0.01). DISCUSSION TFCA decreases (0.12 +/- 0.08) after RYGB surgery but remains within normal range. Although only some patients were estimated to have low Ca absorption after surgery, all of the patients showed a dramatic increase in markers of bone resorption. The alteration in Ca metabolism after RYGB-induced weight loss appears to be regulated primarily by estradiol levels and might ultimately affect bone mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S. Riedt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey
| | | | - Robert M. Sherrell
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey
| | - M. Paul Field
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey
| | - Sue A. Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) that is performed with at least a 150-cm Roux limb results in significantly greater weight loss than shorter (<100-cm) Roux limb procedures in superobese patients(BMI >50 kg/m2). Conversely, longer Roux limb procedures do not provide greater weight loss in less obese (BMI <50 kg/m2)patients. Modest elongation of the Roux limb-in the range of 150 cm to 200 cm-does not result in more frequent nutritional sequelae compared with shorter Roux limb procedures. This article discusses the current status of long limb Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the context of weight loss, metabolic sequelae and CPT coding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Brolin
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-2582, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shuster MH, Vázquez JA. Nutritional concerns related to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: what every clinician needs to know. Crit Care Nurs Q 2005; 28:227-60; quiz 261-2. [PMID: 16041224 DOI: 10.1097/00002727-200507000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Weight loss surgery, particularly the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (REYGB), has become a popular treatment strategy for obesity. Often the only measure of success is the amount of weight lost following surgery. Unfortunately the nutritional adequacy of the postoperative diet has frequently been overlooked, and in the months to years that follow, nutritional deficiencies have become apparent, including protein-calorie malnutrition and various vitamin and mineral deficiencies contributing to medical illnesses and limiting optimal health. Therefore, patients require close monitoring following REYGB, with special regard to the rapidity of weight loss and vigilant screening for signs and symptoms of subclinical and clinical nutritional deficiencies. Several specific nutrients require close surveillance postoperatively to prevent life-threatening complications related to deficient states. This article addresses nutritional concerns associated with REYGB with fastidious focus on recognition and treatment of the nutritional deficiencies and promotion of nutritional health following REYGB. Recommendations regarding nutritional intake following REYGB are based on available scientific data, albeit limited. In cases where data do not exist, expert or consensus opinion is provided and recommendations for future research are given. Ultimately, clinical application of this information will contribute to the prevention of nutrition-related illness associated with REYGB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Horbal Shuster
- West Penn Allegheny Healthcare System, Allegheny Specialty Practice Network, Allegheny Center for Digestive Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is currently considered the best treatment option for morbid obesity. With the rapid development of laparoscopic techniques, a significant increase in the number bariatric procedures in recent years can be observed. Various surgical techniques to treat morbid obesity have been described, but only few prospective studies compare the different procedures, leading to a lack of evidence for their use. However, from the available literature some general recommendations can be given: (a) preoperative workup in an interdisciplinary team is mandatory, (b) primary bariatric procedures should be performed laparoscopically, and (c) the combination of restrictive and malabsorptive techniques is more efficient than a purely restrictive method, which is also true for the treatment of comorbid diabetes and arterial hypertension. In this paper, we present recent developments in bariatric surgery, with special emphasis on the available evidence for the best treatment of morbidly obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Müller
- Klinik für Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Schweiz
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cotler SJ, Vitello JM, Guzman G, Testa G, Benedetti E, Layden TJ. Hepatic decompensation after gastric bypass surgery for severe obesity. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49:1563-8. [PMID: 15573905 DOI: 10.1023/b:ddas.0000043364.75898.c8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Cotler
- Section of Hepatology, the University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferraz EM, Arruda PCLD, Bacelar TS, Ferraz ÁAB, Albuquerque ACD, Leão CS. Tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida. Rev Col Bras Cir 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-69912003000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente o tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes portadores de obesidade mórbida, realizadas no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do HC-UFPE (SCG/HC-UFPE). MÉTODO: No período de novembro de 1997 a fevereiro de 2001 foram operados 228 pacientes oriundos do Ambulatório de Cirurgia Bariátrica do SCG/ HC-UFPE e da clínica privada dos dois primeiros autores. A idade variou de 20 a 59 anos de idade (média de 34 anos). O índice de massa corporal médio (IMC) foi de 46 Kg/m², variando entre 35 e 98 Kg/m². O sexo feminino foi predominante, constituindo 58% dos casos. RESULTADOS: A gastroplastia com bypass jejunal em Y de Roux (operação de Fobi/Capella) foi realizada em 207 pacientes (47 com colecistectomia), gastroplastia vertical (Operação de Mason) em três casos, sete casos de operações descritas por Scopinaro, cinco casos de utilização de banda gástrica por via laparoscópica, cinco casos gastroplastias verticais em Y de Roux (operação de Fobi/Capella) videolaparoscópica e um caso de " Switch duodenal". As comorbidades mais freqüentemente encontradas foram: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (68%), refluxo gastroesofágico (34%), varizes de membros inferiores (36%), artropatia degenerativa (31%), dislipidemia (21%), e diabetes (19%). A presença de colelitíase, com indicação de colecistectomia, ocorreu em 21% dos pacientes. A ferida operatória foi o principal sítio das complicações pós-operatórias: formação de seroma e infecção ocorrendo em 33% e 8,1% respectivamente. Complicações graves ocorreram em 18 pacientes (7,8%), com quatro óbitos (1,8%). O período médio de internamento foi de 4,3 dias. O acompanhamento ambulatorial demonstrou que a perda ponderal média em 12 meses atingiu 41% do peso pré-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida é uma alternativa eficaz e eficiente no controle do excesso de peso.
Collapse
|
36
|
Duane TM, Wohlgemuth S, Ruffin K. Intussusception after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Am Surg 2000. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480006600117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intussusception is a common pediatric surgical problem. Its occurrence in adults is rare and usually involves a specific lead point such as a small bowel tumor or other mass. We describe two adults who developed intussusception after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Signs and symptoms of small bowel obstruction were seen in both of these patients, but the responsible pathology was unusual. Because of the increasing frequency with which these gastric bypass procedures are being performed, a high index of suspicion must be employed when dealing with these postoperative patients who present with abdominal complaints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therése M. Duane
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Stephen Wohlgemuth
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Kirk Ruffin
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cowar GSM, Buffington C. Controversies in bariatric surgery — An overview. Eur Surg 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02620443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|