Münzel T, Daiber A. Vascular redox signaling, eNOS uncoupling and endothelial dysfunction in the setting of transportation noise exposure or chronic treatment with organic nitrates.
Antioxid Redox Signal 2023;
38:1001-1021. [PMID:
36719770 PMCID:
PMC10171967 DOI:
10.1089/ars.2023.0006]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE
Cardiovascular disease and drug-induced health side effects are frequently associated with - or even caused by - an imbalance between the concentrations of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and antioxidants respectively determining the metabolism of these harmful oxidants.
RECENT ADVANCES
According to the "kindling radical" hypothesis, initial formation of RONS may further trigger the additional activation of RONS formation under certain pathological conditions. The present review will specifically focus on a dysfunctional, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) caused by RONS in the setting of transportation noise exposure or chronic treatment with organic nitrates, especially nitroglycerin. We will further describe the various "redox switches" that are proposed to be involved in the uncoupling process of eNOS.
CRITICAL ISSUES
In particular, the oxidative depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and S-glutathionylation of the eNOS reductase domain will be highlighted as major pathways for eNOS uncoupling upon noise exposure or nitroglycerin treatment. In addition, oxidative disruption of the eNOS dimer, inhibitory phosphorylation of eNOS at threonine or tyrosine residues, redox-triggered accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine deficiency will be discussed as alternative mechanisms of eNOS uncoupling.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
The clinical consequences of eNOS dysfunction due to uncoupling on cardiovascular disease will be summarized also providing a template for future clinical studies on endothelial dysfunction caused by pharmacological or environmental risk factors.
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