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Yoo JY, Kim HB, Baik TK, Lee JH, Woo RS. Neuregulin 1/ErbB4/Akt signaling attenuates cytotoxicity mediated by the APP-CT31 fragment of amyloid precursor protein. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 120:104622. [PMID: 33684392 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss. The cytoplasmic tail of amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes sequential cleavage at a specific intracellular caspase site to generate the cytoplasmic terminal 31 (CT31) fragment. The APP-CT31 fragment is a potent inducer of apoptosis. The cytotoxicity of APP-CT31 in SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic signals in SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as p53, PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis), and cleaved was investigated by immunofluorescence analysis and Western blotting. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) against cytotoxicity induced by APP-CT31. Our data showed that CT31 induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons. NRG1 attenuated the neurotoxicity induced by the expression of APP-CT31. We also showed that APP-CT31 altered the expression of p53 and cleaved caspase 3. However, treatment with NRG1 rescued the APP-CT31-induced upregulation of p53 and cleaved caspase 3 expression. The protective effect of NRG1 was abrogated by inhibition of the ErbB4 receptor and Akt. These results indicate an important role of ErbB4/Akt signaling in NRG1-mediated neuroprotection, suggesting that endogenous NRG1/ErbB4 signaling represents a valuable therapeutic target in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 301-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 301-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai-Kyoung Baik
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 301-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 301-746, Republic of Korea.
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Gao L, Zhang Z, Xu W, Li T, Ying G, Qin B, Li J, Zheng J, Zhao T, Yan F, Zhu Y, Chen G. Natrium Benzoate Alleviates Neuronal Apoptosis via the DJ-1-Related Anti-oxidative Stress Pathway Involving Akt Phosphorylation in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:42. [PMID: 30853891 PMCID: PMC6395451 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of natrium benzoate (NaB) and DJ-1 in attenuating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced neuronal apoptosis in traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI) in rats. T-SCI was induced by clip compression. The protein expression and neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by Western blotting, double immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). ROS level, spinal cord water content (SCWC) and Evans blue (EB) extravasation was also examined. Locomotor function was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and inclined plane test (IPT) scores. We found that DJ-1 is expressed in spinal cord neurons and increased after t-SCI. At 24 h post-injury, the levels of DJ-1, p-Akt, SOD2, ROS, p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK ratio, and CC-3 increased, while the Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased. NaB upregulated DJ-1, p-Akt, and SOD2, decreased ROS, p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK ratio, and CC-3, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, which were reversed by DJ-1 siRNA. The proportion of CC-3- and TUNEL-positive neurons also increased after t-SCI and was reduced by NaB. These effects were reversed by MK2206. Moreover, the level of oxDJ-1 increased after t-SCI, which was decreased by DJ-1 siRNA, NaB or the combination of them. NaB also reduced mitochondrial vacuolization, SCWC and EB extravasation, and improved locomotor function assessed by the BBB and IPT scores. In conclusion, NaB increased DJ-1, and thus reduced ROS and ROS-induced neuronal apoptosis by promoting Akt phosphorylation in t-SCI rats. NaB shows potential as a therapeutic agent for t-SCI, with DJ-1 as its main target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Decreased plasma neuregulin 4 levels are associated with peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study. Cytokine 2019; 113:356-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Tran NQV, Nguyen AN, Takabe K, Yamagata Z, Miyake K. Pre-treatment with amitriptyline causes epigenetic up-regulation of neuroprotection-associated genes and has anti-apoptotic effects in mouse neuronal cells. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 62:1-12. [PMID: 28511916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants, such as imipramine and fluoxetine, are known to alter gene expression patterns by inducing changes in the epigenetic status of neuronal cells. There is also some evidence for the anti-apoptotic effect of various groups of antidepressants; however, this effect is complicated and cell-type dependent. Antidepressants of the tricyclic group, in particular amitriptyline, have been suggested to be beneficial in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. We examined whether amitriptyline exerts an anti-apoptotic effect via epigenetic mechanisms. Using DNA microarray, we analyzed global gene expression in mouse primary cultured neocortical neurons after treatment with amitriptyline and imipramine. The neuroprotection-associated genes, activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3) and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), were up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by treatment with amitriptyline. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that amitriptyline increased enrichments of trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 in the promoter regions of Atf3 and Hmox1 and acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 in the promoter regions of Atf3, which indicate an active epigenetic status. Amitriptyline pre-treatment attenuated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)- or amyloid β peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42)-induced neuronal cell death and inhibited the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). We found that Atf3 and Hmox1 were also up-regulated after Aβ1-42 treatment, and were further increased when pre-treated with amitriptyline. Interestingly, the highest up-regulation of Atf3 and Hmox1, at least at mRNA level, was observed after co-treatment with Aβ1-42 and amitriptyline, together with the loss of the neuroprotective effect. These findings suggest preconditioning and neuroprotective effects of amitriptyline; however, further investigations are needed for clarifying the contribution of epigenetic up-regulation of Atf3 and Hmox1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Quoc Vuong Tran
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - An Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kyoko Takabe
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
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5
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Jiang Q, Chen S, Hu C, Huang P, Shen H, Zhao W. Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signaling has a preventive role and is altered in the frontal cortex under the pathological conditions of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2614-24. [PMID: 27486021 PMCID: PMC4991731 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the neurodegenerative disorders that may develop in the elderly, is characterized by the deposition of β‑amyloid protein (Aβ) and extensive neuronal cell death in the brain. Neuregulin‑1 (Nrg1)‑mediated intercellular and intracellular communication via binding to ErbB receptors regulates a diverse set of biological processes involved in the development of the nervous system. In the present study, a linear correlation was identified between Nrg1 and phosphorylated ErbB (pNeu and pErbB4) receptors in a human cortical tissue microarray. In addition, increased expression levels of Nrg1, but reduced pErbB receptor levels, were detected in the frontal lobe of a patient with AD. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were subsequently performed to uncover the potential preventive role of Nrg1 in cortical neurons affected by the neurodegenerative processes of AD. It was observed that the expression of Nrg1 increased as the culture time of the cortical neurons progressed. In addition, H2O2 and Aβ1‑42, two inducers of oxidative stress and neuronal damage, led to a dose‑dependent decrease in Nrg1 expression. Recombinant Nrg1β, however, was revealed to exert a pivotal role in preventing oxidative stress and neuronal damage from occurring in the mouse cortical neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in Nrg1 signaling may influence the pathological development of AD, and exogenous Nrg1 may serve as a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Weijiang Zhao
- Correspondence to: Professor Weijiang Zhao, Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Baik TK, Kim YJ, Kang SM, Song DY, Min SS, Woo RS. Blocking the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway inhibits neuregulin-1-mediated rescue of neurotoxicity induced by Aβ1-42. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1021-9. [PMID: 27230708 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) has an important role in both the development and the plasticity of the brain as well as neuroprotective properties. In this study, we investigated the downstream pathways of NRG1 signalling and their role in the prevention of Aβ1-42 -induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and TUNEL staining were assayed to examine the neuroprotective properties in primary rat cortical neurons. KEY FINDINGS The inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation abolished the ability of NRG1 to prevent Aβ1-42 -induced LDH release and increased TUNEL-positive cell count and reactive oxygen species accumulation in primary cortical neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that NRG1 signalling exerts a neuroprotective effect against Aβ1-42 -induced neurotoxicity via activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, this suggests that NRG1 has neuroprotective potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Kyoung Baik
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Jung Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun Seek Min
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
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Choi JS, Bae WY, Park C, Jeong JW. Zingerone activates VMAT2 during MPP+-induced Cell Death. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1783-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sun Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Woom-Yee Bae
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
| | - Joo-Won Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Korea
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Tran D, Bergholz J, Zhang H, He H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Kirkland JL, Xiao Z. Insulin-like growth factor-1 regulates the SIRT1-p53 pathway in cellular senescence. Aging Cell 2014; 13:669-78. [PMID: 25070626 PMCID: PMC4118446 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence, which is known to halt proliferation of aged and stressed cells, plays a key role against cancer development and is also closely associated with organismal aging. While increased insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling induces cell proliferation, survival and cancer progression, disrupted IGF signaling is known to enhance longevity concomitantly with delay in aging processes. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of aging by IGF signaling and whether IGF regulates cellular senescence are still poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that IGF-1 exerts a dual function in promoting cell proliferation as well as cellular senescence. While acute IGF-1 exposure promotes cell proliferation and is opposed by p53, prolonged IGF-1 treatment induces premature cellular senescence in a p53-dependent manner. We show that prolonged IGF-1 treatment inhibits SIRT1 deacetylase activity, resulting in increased p53 acetylation as well as p53 stabilization and activation, thus leading to premature cellular senescence. In addition, either expression of SIRT1 or inhibition of p53 prevented IGF-1-induced premature cellular senescence. Together, these findings suggest that p53 acts as a molecular switch in monitoring IGF-1-induced proliferation and premature senescence, and suggest a possible molecular connection involving IGF-1-SIRT1-p53 signaling in cellular senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Tran
- Department of Biochemistry Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA 02118USA
| | - Johann Bergholz
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610014 China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610014 China
| | - Hanbing He
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610014 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610014 China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610014 China
| | - Qintong Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610014 China
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN 55905USA
| | - Zhi‐Xiong Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resource and Eco‐Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610014 China
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9
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Zheng W, Wang H, Zeng Z, Lin J, Little PJ, Srivastava LK, Quirion R. The possible role of the Akt signaling pathway in schizophrenia. Brain Res 2012; 1470:145-58. [PMID: 22771711 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein kinase v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (Akt) is one of the survival kinases with multiple biological functions in the brain and throughout the body. Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating psychiatric disorders. Accumulating evidence has indicated the involvement of the Akt signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Genetic linkage and association studies have identified Akt-1 as a candidate susceptibility gene related for schizophrenia. The level of Akt-1 protein and its kinase activity decreased significantly both in white blood cells from schizophrenic patients and in postmortem brain tissue of schizophrenic patients. Consistent with these findings, alterations in the upstream and downstream pathways of Akt have also been found in many psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs modify the Akt signaling pathway in a variety of conditions relative to schizophrenia. In addition as a survival kinase, Akt participates in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, protein synthesis and neurotransmission in the central nervous system. It is thought that reduced activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway could at least partially explain the cognitive impairment, synaptic morphologic abnormality, neuronal atrophy and dysfunction of neurotransmitter signaling in schizophrenia. In addition, reduced levels of Akt may increase the effects of risk factors on neurodevelopment, attenuate the effects of growth factors on neurodevelopment and reduce the response of patients to antipsychotic agents. More recently, the role of Akt signaling in the functions of schizophrenia susceptibility genes such as disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC-1), neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) and dysbindin-1 has been reported. Thus, Akt deficiency may create a context permissive for the expression of risk-gene effects in neuronal morphology and function. This paper reviews the role of Akt in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and as a potential therapeutic strategy targeting Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zheng
- Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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11
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Qin R, Li X, Li G, Tao L, Li Y, Sun J, Kang X, Chen J. Protection by tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside against neurotoxicity induced by MPP+: the involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway activation. Toxicol Lett 2011; 202:1-7. [PMID: 21237255 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), which is an active component of the rhizome extract from polygonum multiflorum, shows potent antioxidant properties. In this paper, the neuroprotective effects of TSG on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells were investigated. Pretreatment with TSG markedly attenuated MPP+-induced loss of cell viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and reduced MPP+-induced apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-apoptotic effects of TSG were probably mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway since TSG failed to rescue cells from MPP+ injury in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. These results indicate that TSG affords a significant neuroprotective effect against MPP+-induced damage and apoptosis in PC12 cells. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway might be involved in the TSG-mediated anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qin
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
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12
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Calvo M, Zhu N, Grist J, Ma Z, Loeb JA, Bennett DLH. Following nerve injury neuregulin-1 drives microglial proliferation and neuropathic pain via the MEK/ERK pathway. Glia 2011; 59:554-68. [PMID: 21319222 PMCID: PMC3222694 DOI: 10.1002/glia.21124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following peripheral nerve injury microglia accumulate within the spinal cord and adopt a proinflammatory phenotype a process which contributes to the development of neuropathic pain. We have recently shown that neuregulin-1, a growth factor released following nerve injury, activates erbB 2, 3, and 4 receptors on microglia and stimulates proliferation, survival and chemotaxis of these cells. Here we studied the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of neuregulin-1-erbB activation in microglial cells. We found that neuregulin-1 in vitro induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt without activating p38MAPK. Using specific kinase inhibitors we found that the mitogenic effect of neuregulin-1 on microglia was dependant on MEK/ERK1/2 pathway, the chemotactic effect was dependant on PI3K/Akt signaling and survival was dependant on both pathways. Intrathecal treatment with neuregulin-1 was associated with microgliosis and development of mechanical and cold pain related hypersensitivity which was dependant on ERK1/2 phosphorylation in microglia. Spinal nerve ligation results in a robust microgliosis and sustained ERK1/2 phosphorylation within these cells. This pathway is downstream of neuregulin-1/erbB signaling since its blockade resulted in a significant reduction in microglial ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway resulted in decreased spinal microgliosis and in reduced mechanical and cold hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve damage. We conclude that neuregulin-1 released after nerve injury activates microglial erbB receptors which consequently stimulates the MEK/ERK1/2 pathway that drives microglial proliferation and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Calvo
- Wolfson CARD, Kings College London, Hodgkin Building, Guys Campus, SE1 1UL, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Gramage E, Putelli A, Polanco MJ, González-Martín C, Ezquerra L, Alguacil LF, Pérez-Pinera P, Deuel TF, Herradón G. The neurotrophic factor pleiotrophin modulates amphetamine-seeking behaviour and amphetamine-induced neurotoxic effects: evidence from pleiotrophin knockout mice. Addict Biol 2010; 15:403-12. [PMID: 20192945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN), a neurotrophic factor with important roles in survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons, is up-regulated in the nucleus accumbens after amphetamine administration suggesting that PTN could modulate amphetamine-induced pharmacological or neuroadaptative effects. To test this hypothesis, we have studied the effects of amphetamine administration in PTN genetically deficient (PTN -/-) and wild type (WT, +/+) mice. In conditioning studies, we found that amphetamine induces conditioned place preference in both PTN -/- and WT (+/+) mice. When these mice were re-evaluated after a 5-day period without amphetamine administration, we found that WT (+/+) mice did not exhibit amphetamine-seeking behaviour, whereas, PTN -/- mice still showed a robust drug-seeking behaviour. In immunohystochemistry studies, we found that amphetamine (10 mg/kg, four times, every 2 hours) causes a significant increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells in the striatum of amphetamine-treated PTN -/- mice compared with WT mice 4 days after last administration of the drug, suggesting an enhanced amphetamine-induced astrocytosis in the absence of endogenous PTN. Interestingly, we found in concomitant in vitro studies that PTN (3 µM) limits amphetamine (1 mM)-induced loss of viability of PC12 cell cultures, effect that could be related to the ability of PTN to induce the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. To test this possibility, we used specific Akt and ERK1/2 inhibitors uncovering for the first time that PTN-induced protective effects against amphetamine-induced toxicity in PC12 cells are mediated by the ERK1/2 signalling pathway. The data suggest an important role of PTN to limit amphetamine-induced neurotoxic and rewarding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Gramage
- Laboratory Pharmacology and Toxicology, Univ. San Pablo CEU, 28668 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Neddens J, Buonanno A. Selective populations of hippocampal interneurons express ErbB4 and their number and distribution is altered in ErbB4 knockout mice. Hippocampus 2010; 20:724-44. [PMID: 19655320 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) are ligands of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases. The NRG1-ErbB4 pathway has been shown to modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity and network oscillations in the adult rodent brain. To identify cells that mediate these effects, here we determine the expression pattern of ErbB4 in four functionally distinct classes of interneurons that represent the majority of all inhibitory neurons in the adult hippocampus. On the basis of data from nine mice and 25,000 cells, we show that ErbB4 is expressed in cells that are positive for cholecystokinin (CCK, 54%), parvalbumin (PV, 42%), or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, 39%) in a layer-specific and region-specific manner, whereas cells expressing somatostatin (SOM) are rarely immunoreactive for ErbB4 (1%). We next compared the numerical density (cells/mm(3)) and the distribution of interneurons between ErbB4-/- mice and wildtype controls. Based on data from 25 mice and 56,000 cells, we detected reductions of PV-positive and nNOS-positive cells in knockouts (-24% and -27%, respectively) but only a minor reduction of CCK-positive cells; no changes in SOM-positive cells were observed. The overall reduction of interneurons was verified by quantification of GAD67-immunoreactive cells (-24% in ErbB4-/- mice). The reduction of interneurons along the dorsoventral axis was more severe in intermediate and ventral portions than in the dorsal hippocampus, and regional reductions occurred in the CA1-3 regions and subiculum, whereas we found no significant changes in the dentate gyrus (DG). The expression by different populations of interneurons suggests that ErbB4 can modulate several microcircuits within the hippocampus and mediate the previously reported effects of NRG1 on network oscillations and synaptic plasticity. The selective reduction of GABAergic cells in ErbB4-/- mice is consistent with the role of NRG-ErbB4 signaling in the generation and migration of interneurons during development, and with neuronal and behavioral functional deficits in adult ErbB4 knockouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Neddens
- National Institutes of Health, Eunice Shriver Kennedy NICHD, Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3714, USA.
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Sun X, Huang L, Zhang M, Sun S, Wu Y. Insulin like growth factor-1 prevents 1-mentyl-4-phenylphyridinium-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Toxicology 2010; 271:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Choi JS, Lee MS, Jeong JW. Ethyl pyruvate has a neuroprotective effect through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in Parkinson’s disease model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 394:854-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Liu C, Wu J, Xu K, Cai F, Gu J, Ma L, Chen J. Neuroprotection by baicalein in ischemic brain injury involves PTEN/AKT pathway. J Neurochem 2010; 112:1500-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the complex arrangement of neurons and their interconnections within the brain has made significant progress in recent years. Current research has uncovered a network of intracellular signaling events that provide precise coordination of a diverse array of cellular responses, including trafficking events, cytoskeletal remodeling, gene transcription, and protein ubiquitination and translation. This chapter considers the specific cellular responses controlled by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which is instructive with regard to a number of important steps involved in the development of the brain. These range from the mediation of extrinsic signals - such as growth factors, axon guidance cues, and extracellular matrix components - to intrinsic effectors, such as downstream signaling components that act, for example, at the translation level. PI3K signaling is, consequently, at the heart of controlling neuronal migration and neuronal morphogenesis, as well as dendrite and synapse development. Many neurobehavioral disorders arise as a consequence of subtle developmental abnormalities. Unsurprisingly, therefore, aberrant PI3K signaling has been indicated by many studies to be a contributing factor to the pathophysiology of disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. In this chapter, we will focus on the specific, yet divergent, cellular processes that are achieved through PI3K signaling in neurons and are key to brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Waite
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, New Hunt's House, London, UK
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Dickerson JW, Hemmerle AM, Numan S, Lundgren KH, Seroogy KB. Decreased expression of ErbB4 and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein in the ventral midbrain of aged rats. Neuroscience 2009; 163:482-9. [PMID: 19505538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Decreased availability or efficacy of neurotrophic factors may underlie an increased susceptibility of mesencephalic dopaminergic cells to age-related degeneration. Neuregulins (NRGs) are pleotrophic growth factors for many cell types, including mesencephalic dopamine cells in culture and in vivo. The functional NRG receptor ErbB4 is expressed by virtually all midbrain dopamine neurons. To determine if levels of the NRG receptor are maintained during aging in the dopaminergic ventral mesencephalon, expression of ErbB4 mRNA and protein was examined in young (3 months), middle-aged (18 months), and old (24-25 months) Brown Norway/Fischer 344 F1 rats. ErbB4 mRNA levels in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), but not the adjacent ventral tegmental area (VTA) or subtantia nigra pars lateralis (SNl), were significantly reduced in the middle-aged and old animals when compared to young rats. Protein expression of ErbB4 in the ventral midbrain was significantly decreased in the old rats when compared to the young rats. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA levels was significantly reduced in the old rats when compared to young animals in the SNpc, but not in the VTA or SNI. TH protein levels in the ventral midbrain were also decreased in the old animals when compared to the young animals. These data demonstrate a progressive decline of ErbB4 expression, coinciding with a loss of the dopamine-synthesizing enzyme TH, in the ventral midbrain of aged rats, particularly in the SNpc. These findings may implicate a role for diminished NRG/ErbB4 trophic support in dopamine-related neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Guo SY, Yang GP, Jiang DJ, Wang F, Song T, Tan XH, Sun ZQ. Protection of capsaicin against hypoxia–reoxygenation-induced apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2008; 86:785-92. [PMID: 19011674 DOI: 10.1139/y08-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of capsaicin on hypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R)-induced apoptosis in primary rat hippocampal neurons. Three hours of hypoxia (1% O2) and subsequent reoxygenation for 24 h significantly increased the apoptotic death of hippocampal neurons, as evidenced by increases in both TUNEL-positive cell number and caspase-3 activity. Pretreatment with capsaicin (3–30 µmol/L) or the caspase-3-specific inhibitor acetyl-DEVD-CHO (100 µmol/L) markedly attenuated H/R-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. Capsaicin also markedly induced the phosphorylation of Akt. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 (10 µmol/L) prevented any capsaicin-induced survival effect in hippocampal neurons. Intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were greatly increased after H/R, were significantly inhibited by capsaicin, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) (50 µmol/L), and LY294002. Taken together, these data suggest that capsaicin protects against H/R-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons via the PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling pathway, which is related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yin Guo
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road 110, Changsha 410078, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo-Ping Yang
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road 110, Changsha 410078, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - De-Jian Jiang
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road 110, Changsha 410078, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road 110, Changsha 410078, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Song
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road 110, Changsha 410078, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing-He Tan
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road 110, Changsha 410078, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Qiu Sun
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiang-Ya Road 110, Changsha 410078, China
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Neuroprotective effects of neuregulin-1 on B35 neuronal cells following ischemia. Brain Res 2008; 1210:39-47. [PMID: 18410912 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) protected neurons from death in vivo following focal ischemia. The goal of this study was to develop an in vitro rat ischemia model to examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of NRG-1 on ischemia-induced neuronal death. Rat B-35 neuroblastoma cells differentiated by serum withdrawal, developed enhanced neuronal characteristics including, neurite extension and upregulation of neuronal markers of differentiation. When B35 neurons were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)/reoxygenation or glutamate, widespread neuronal death was seen after both treatments. Treatment with NRG-1 immediately after OGD significantly increased neuronal survival. NRG-1 administration also resulted in a significant decrease in annexin V, an early marker of apoptosis. However, the neurotoxic actions of glutamate were unaffected by NRG-1. The neuroprotective effects of NRG-1 were prevented by an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway. These results provide a new model to gain insight into the mechanisms employed by NRG-1 to protect neurons from ischemic brain injury.
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Wu Y, Shang Y, Sun S, Liang H, Liu R. Erythropoietin prevents PC12 cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis via the Akt/GSK-3beta/caspase-3 mediated signaling pathway. Apoptosis 2007; 12:1365-75. [PMID: 17508273 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a contributing cause of dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson disease. Recent work has shown that erythropoietin (EPO) offers protection against apoptosis in a wide variety of tissues. We demonstrate that exposure of PC12 cells to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)) with recombinant human EPO, significantly decreased apoptosis as measured by TUNEL and caspase-3 activity when compared to MPP(+) treatment alone. EPO induced sustained phosphorylation of Akt and its substrate, GSK-3beta, reduced caspase-3 activities in PC12 cells. The anti-apoptotic effect of EPO was abrogated by co-treatment with LY294002, the specific blocker of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). The effects of EPO on GSK-3beta and caspase-3 activities were also blocked by LY294002. LiCl, the inhibitor of GSK-3beta, downregulated the caspase-3 activity and blocked the apoptosis induced by MPP(+). Finally, we determined that EPO transiently activated the ERK signaling pathway, but PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK, does not alter the survival effect of EPO in this model system. Thus, these findings indicate that EPO protects against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to MPP(+), through the Akt/GSK-3beta/caspase-3 signaling pathway, but the ERK pathway is not involved in the EPO-dependent survival enhancing effect in this model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Wu Y, Shang Y, Sun S, Liu R. Antioxidant effect of erythropoietin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 564:47-56. [PMID: 17362920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured PC12 cells as well as the underlying mechanism were investigated. Treatment of PC12 cells with MPP(+) caused the loss of cell viability, which was associated with the elevation in apoptotic rate, the formation of reactive oxygen species and the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. It was also shown that MPP(+) significantly induced upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activation of caspase-3. In contrast, erythropoietin reversed these phenotypes and had its maximum protective effect at 1 U/ml. The effect of erythropoietin was mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway since erythropoietin failed to rescue cells from MPP(+) insult in the presence of the PI3K inhibitor, LY 294002. In addition, the downstream effector of PI3K, Akt, was activated by erythropoietin, and Akt activation was inhibited by LY 294002. Furthermore, the effect of erythropoietin on reactive oxygen species levels was also blocked by LY 294002. These results show that erythropoietin may provide a useful therapeutic strategy for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
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