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Mourtada J, Lony C, Nicol A, De Azevedo J, Bour C, Macabre C, Roncarati P, Ledrappier S, Schultz P, Borel C, Burgy M, Wasylyk B, Mellitzer G, Herfs M, Gaiddon C, Jung AC. A novel ΔNp63-dependent immune mechanism improves prognosis of HPV-related head and neck cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264093. [PMID: 38022675 PMCID: PMC10630910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deconvoluting the heterogenous prognosis of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is crucial for enhancing patient care, given its rapidly increasing incidence in western countries and the adverse side effects of OSCC treatments. Methods Transcriptomic data from HPV-positive OSCC samples were analyzed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, and clinical relevance was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. HPV-positive OSCC cell line models were used in functional analyses and phenotypic assays to assess cell migration and invasion, response to cisplatin, and phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro. Results We found, by transcriptomic analysis of HPV-positive OSCC samples, a ΔNp63 dependent molecular signature that is associated with patient prognosis. ΔNp63 was found to act as a tumor suppressor in HPV-positive OSCC at multiple levels. It inhibits cell migration and invasion, and favors response to chemotherapy. RNA-Seq analysis uncovered an unexpected regulation of genes, such as DKK3, which are involved in immune response-signalling pathways. In agreement with these observations, we found that ΔNp63 expression levels correlate with an enhanced anti-tumor immune environment in OSCC, and ΔNp63 promotes cancer cell phagocytosis by macrophages through a DKK3/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Conclusion Our findings are the first comprehensive identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the heterogeneous prognosis of HPV-positive OSCC, paving the way for much-needed biomarkers and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mourtada
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Christelle Lony
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Anaïs Nicol
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine De Azevedo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Bour
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Macabre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Roncarati
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sonia Ledrappier
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Schultz
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Borel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mickaël Burgy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Michaël Herfs
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
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Jiang H, Zhou S, Li G. Novel biomarkers used for early diagnosis and tyrosine kinase inhibitors as targeted therapies in colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1189799. [PMID: 37719843 PMCID: PMC10502318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1189799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most lethal type of cancer worldwide, presenting major health risks as well as economic costs to both people and society. CRC survival chances are significantly higher if the cancer is diagnosed and treated early. With the development of molecular biology, numerous initiatives have been undertaken to identify novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of CRC. Pathological disorders can be diagnosed at a lower cost with the help of biomarkers, which can be detected in stool, blood, and tissue samples. Several lines of evidence suggest that the gut microbiota could be used as a biomarker for CRC screening and treatment. CRC treatment choices include surgical resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and combination therapies. Targeted therapies are a relatively new and promising modality of treatment that has been shown to increase patients' overall survival (OS) rates and can inhibit cancer cell development. Several small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are being investigated as potential treatments due to our increasing awareness of CRC's molecular causes and oncogenic signaling. These compounds may inhibit critical enzymes in controlling signaling pathways, which are crucial for CRC cells' development, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. On the other hand, only one of the approximately 42 TKIs that demonstrated anti-tumor effects in pre-clinical studies has been licensed for clinical usage in CRC. A significant knowledge gap exists when bringing these tailored medicines into the clinic. As a result, the emphasis of this review is placed on recently discovered biomarkers for early diagnosis as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors as possible therapy options for CRC.
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Al Shareef Z, Ershaid MNA, Mudhafar R, Soliman SSM, Kypta RM. Dickkopf-3: An Update on a Potential Regulator of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235822. [PMID: 36497305 PMCID: PMC9738550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) is a member of the Dickkopf family protein of secreted Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) antagonists that appears to modulate regulators of the host microenvironment. In contrast to the clear anti-tumorigenic effects of Dkk-3-based gene therapies, the role of endogenous Dkk-3 in cancer is context-dependent, with elevated expression associated with tumor promotion and suppression in different settings. The receptors and effectors that mediate the diverse effects of Dkk-3 have not been characterized in detail, contributing to an ongoing mystery of its mechanism of action. This review compares the various functions of Dkk-3 in the tumor microenvironment, where Dkk-3 has been found to be expressed by subpopulations of fibroblasts, endothelial, and immune cells, in addition to epithelial cells. We also discuss how the activation or inhibition of Dkk-3, depending on tumor type and context, might be used to treat different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7250
| | - Mai Nidal Asad Ershaid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rula Mudhafar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Robert M. Kypta
- CIC BioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Soheilifar MH, Pornour M, Saidijam M, Najafi R, Azizi Jalilian F, Keshmiri Neghab H, Amini R. miR-1290 contributes to oncogenesis and angiogenesis via targeting of THBS1, DKK3 and, SCAI. BIOIMPACTS 2022; 12:349-358. [PMID: 35975203 PMCID: PMC9376166 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world with high mortality, hence, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the tumor progression are important for CRC diagnosis and treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene expression regulators that can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in tumor cells, and modulate angiogenesis as a critical process in tumor metastasis. MiR-1290 has been demonstrated as an onco-miRNA in various types of cancer, however, the role of miR-1290 in CRC is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the oncogenic and angiogenic potential of miR-1290 in CRC. Methods: Lenti-miR-1290 was transduced into HCT116, SW480, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). By bioinformatics analysis, we identified thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) as a novel predicted target for miR-1290. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and luciferase reporter assay were used to demonstrate suppression of miR-1290 target genes including THBS1, Dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 3 (DKK3), and suppressor of cancer cell invasion (SCAI) in HCT116 and HUVECs. Cell cycle analysis, proliferation, migration and, tube formation were determined by flow cytometry, MTT, wound healing, and tube formation assays, respectively. Results: MiR-1290 significantly decreased the expression of THBS1, DKK3, and SCAI. We demonstrated that miR-1290 enhanced proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis partially through suppression of THBS1, DKK3, and SCAI in CRC. Conclusion: These results suggest a novel function of miR-1290 which may contribute to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Majid Pornour
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1315795613, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Farid Azizi Jalilian
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Hoda Keshmiri Neghab
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1315795613, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
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Noe O, Filipiak L, Royfman R, Campbell A, Lin L, Hamouda D, Stanbery L, Nemunaitis J. Adenomatous polyposis coli in cancer and therapeutic implications. Oncol Rev 2021; 15:534. [PMID: 34267890 PMCID: PMC8256374 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2021.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and consequential upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway are critical initiators in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer in the United States for both men and women. Emerging evidence suggests APCmutations are also found in gastric, breast and other cancers. The APC gene, located on chromosome 5q, is responsible for negatively regulating the b-catenin/Wnt pathway by creating a destruction complex with Axin/Axin2, GSK-3b, and CK1. In the event of an APC mutation, b-catenin accumulates, translocates to the cell nucleus and increases the transcription of Wnt target genes that have carcinogenic consequences in gastrointestinal epithelial stem cells. A literature review was conducted to highlight carcinogenesis related to APC mutations, as well as preclinical and clinical studies for potential therapies that target steps in inflammatory pathways, including IL-6 transduction, and Wnt pathway signaling regulation. Although a range of molecular targets have been explored in murine models, relatively few pharmacological agents have led to substantial increases in survival for patients with colorectal cancer clinically. This article reviews a range of molecular targets that may be efficacious targets for tumors with APC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Noe
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Louis Filipiak
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Rachel Royfman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Austin Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Leslie Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Danae Hamouda
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Laura Stanbery
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
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Zhao S, Hao CL, Zhao EH, Jiang HM, Zheng HC. The Suppressing Effects of Dkk3 Expression on Aggressiveness and Tumorigenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:600322. [PMID: 33425757 PMCID: PMC7794014 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.600322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dkk3 has been discovered during comparison of immortalized and parental cells. Its expression has been shown to reduce colony formation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells, acting as a tumor suppressor. Herein, we demonstrate that Dkk3 overexpression or protein treatment may inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and that they may promote apoptosis and G2 phase arrest with hypoexpression of Bcl-2, cdc25B, cdc25c, N-cadherin, slug, and twist and hyperexpression of Bax and E-cadherin. This effect is consistent with that of recombinant Dkk3 exposure and blocked with anti-Dkk3 antibody. Dkk3 deletion in intestinal cells was not associated with the emergence of epithelial lesions; however, adenoma emerged after sodium desoxycholate treatment. At both mRNA and protein levels, Dkk3 expression was higher in normal than in cancer tissues (p<0.05). Dkk3 mRNA expression was negatively associated with its promoter methylation, growth pattern, differentiation, and favorable prognosis in the patients with colorectal cancer (p<0.05). Dkk3-related signal pathways in colorectal cancer included those of cellular adhesion and migration, melanogenesis, chemokine, Hedgehog, JAK-STAT, TOLL-like receptor, TGF-β, MAPK, and calcium signaling (p<0.05). These findings indicate that Dkk3 expression levels can help assess cancer aggressiveness and patient prognosis. It might also suppress aggressive phenotypes and tumorigenesis as a molecular target in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Chang-Lai Hao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - En-Hong Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hua-Mao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Department of Oncology and Experimental Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
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DKK1 is epigenetically downregulated by promoter methylation and inhibits bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:780-786. [PMID: 31952791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is essential to gastric cancer as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is an important precancerous lesion of gastric cancer that can be activated by bile acid reflux and chronic inflammation. However, the exact mechanism of DKK1 in bile acid-induced GIM has not been completely elucidated. We aimed to explore the epigenetic alterations and biological functions of DKK1 in the development of GIM. In the present study, bile acid was found to induce the expression of intestinal markers in gastric epithelial cells, whereas DKK1 was downregulated in response to bile acid stimulation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DKK1 were decreased in GIM tissues as evidenced by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Surprisingly, the methylation of the DKK1 promoter increased in GIM tissues, and we discovered 28 differential methylation sites of the DKK1 promoter in GIM tissues. Bile acid was able to induce the partial methylation of the DKK1 promoter, while 5-aza could increase DKK1 expression as well as decrease intestinal markers expression in gastric epithelial cells. In conclusion, the promoter methylation and downregulation of DKK1 might play important roles in the development of GIM, especially bile acid-induced GIM.
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Angioregulatory microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010071. [PMID: 31887997 PMCID: PMC7016698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Angiogenesis is a rate-determining step in CRC development and metastasis. The balance of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors is crucial in this process. Angiogenesis-related genes can be regulated post-transcriptionally by microRNAs (miRNAs) and some miRNAs have been shown to shuttle between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). MiRNAs have context-dependent actions and can promote or suppress angiogenesis dependent on the type of cancer. On the one hand, miRNAs downregulate anti-angiogenic targets and lead to angiogenesis induction. Tumor suppressor miRNAs, on the other hand, enhance anti-angiogenic response by targeting pro-angiogenic factors. Understanding the interaction between these miRNAs and their target mRNAs will help to unravel molecular mechanisms involved in CRC progression. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on angioregulatory miRNAs in CRC.
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