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Diawara MO, Li S, Zhang M, Bigambo FM, Yang X, Wang X, Dong T, Wu D, Yan C, Xia Y. Evaluation of multiple organophosphate insecticide exposure in relation to altered thyroid hormones in NHANES 2007-2008 adult population. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116139. [PMID: 38428240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The thyroid gland is susceptible to chemical exposure such as organophosphate insecticides (OPIs). With the ubiquitous nature of these products, humans are simultaneously exposed to a multitude of chemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the association between an individual and a mixture of OPI metabolites and changes in serum thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations. The analyzed data were 1,434 participants from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) cycle 2007-2008. Generalized linear model (GLM) regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS), and adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (adaptive LASSO) regression were used to investigate the associations between urinary OPI metabolites and altered serum THs. In GLM, all of the five urinary OPI metabolites were inversely associated with free triiodothyronine (FT3) among the male subjects; meanwhile, higher thyroglobulin (Tg) was related to dimethylphosphate (DMP). Moreover, in WQS models, the metabolite mixture induced FT3 down-regulation (β = -0.209 (95% CI: -0.310, -0.114)), and caused an increased Tg concentration (β = 0.120 (95% CI: 0.024, 0.212)), however, any significant association was observed among female participants. Consistently, the weighted index and LASSO coefficient demonstrated dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) as the strongest metabolite in the FT3 model (mean weight= 3.449e-01 and β =-0.022, respectively), and dimethylphosphate (DMP) represented the highest association in the Tg model (mean weight= 9.873e-01 and β =-0.020, respectively). Further research is required to confirm our results and investigate the clinical impacts of these disruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massira Ousseni Diawara
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chenghao Yan
- Department of Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Osemwegie O, Butler L, Subbiah S, Smith E. Effects of in vitro exposure of perfluorooctanoic acid and monocrotophos on astroglia SVG p12 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1380-1389. [PMID: 33569802 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glia cells provide supportive functions to the central nervous system and can be compromised by environmental contaminants. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the effects of in vitro exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid, a persistent environmental contaminant and/or monocrotophos (MCP), a neurotoxic organophosphate that is rapidly metabolized, to astroglia SVG p12 cells. The endpoints evaluated include cell viability, intracellular glutamate levels as a marker of astrocyte homeostasis function, differential gene expression for selected proteins, which include inflammatory markers (tachykinin), astrocytosis (nestin), S100B, and metabolism enzymes (CYP1A1). The results from cell viability revealed significant differences from the controls at some of the concentrations tested. Also, intracellular glutamate levels were elevated at the 10-μM concentration for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as well as the 10-μM PFOA/5-μM MCP concentration. Gene expression results at 80-μM PFOA concentration revealed a significant increase in the expression of S100B, tachykinin and CYP1A1. A combination of 10-μM PFOA/20-μM MCP caused a significant decrease in the expression of tachykinin. Gene expression for MCP exposures produced a decrease at the 20-μM MCP concentration. Immunofluorescence results indicated an increase in nestin protein expression for the 20-μM concentration of MCP, which contradicted the gene expression at the same concentration tested. The results indicate that toxicity to glia cells can compromise critical glia functions and could be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odia Osemwegie
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Landon Butler
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Seenivasan Subbiah
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Ernest Smith
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Impact of chronic low dose exposure of monocrotophos in rat brain: Oxidative/ nitrosative stress, neuronal changes and cholinesterase activity. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1295-1303. [PMID: 31867220 PMCID: PMC6906705 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocrotophos (MCP) is an organophosphate mainly used as insecticides in agriculture, and veterinary practice to control pests. Exposure to MCP is known to induce significant systemic toxicity in animals and humans. Short term exposure to a high dose of MCP has been reported to cause systemic toxicity, however limited information is available regarding low dose long term exposure in rats. We studied the effects of low dose long term exposure to MCP on oxidative/nitrosative stress, cholinesterase activity and neuronal loss in rat. Male rats were exposed to MCP (0.1 μg or 1 μg/ml) via drinking water for 8 weeks. The pro-oxidant markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitrite level and antioxidant markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and inhibition of cholinesterase activities were measured to evaluate the effects of MCP on brain along with plasma cholinesterase activity. Neuronal loss was analyzed in cortical region using H&E stained slices. The results suggested that exposure to MC even at the low dose, increased reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels and decreased glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and cholinesterase activities in brain. No significant effect however, was observed on nitrite levels. Histological analysis revealed that low dose MCP exposure lead to structural changes in the cortical neurons in rats. It can be concluded from the study that low dose long term exposure (lower than No Observed Effect Level) of MCP may lead to the generation of oxidative stress by elevation of pro-oxidants markers and depletion of antioxidant enzymes markers along with inhibition of cholinesterase activity. These changes might thus be considered as the possible mechanism of cortical neuronal loss in these animals.
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Key Words
- ATCI, acetylthiocholineiodide
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- ChE, cholinesterase
- Cholinesterase inhibition
- DCFDA, 2, 7-dichlrofluorescein diacetate
- DMS, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DTNB, 5, 5-dithiobis (2-nitro-benzoic acid)
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- MCP, monocrotophos
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Monocrotophos
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- NBT, nitrobluetetrazolium
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOEL, no observed effect level
- Na2CO3, sodium carbonate
- NaOH, sodium hydroxide
- Neuronal loss
- Nitrosative stress
- OP, organophosphate
- Oxidative stress
- PMSP, henazinemethosulphate
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Rat
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TBA, thiobarbituricacid
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- rGSH, reduced glutathion
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