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Lu Q, Zhang W, Luo L, Wang H, Shao H, Zhang T, Luo Q. Genetic diversity and multidrug resistance of phylogenic groups B2 and D in InPEC and ExPEC isolated from chickens in Central China. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:60. [PMID: 35180845 PMCID: PMC8855568 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian colibacillosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). APEC causes a wide variety of intestinal and extraintestinal infections, including InPEC and ExPEC, which result in enormous losses in the poultry industry. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of InPEC and ExPEC in Central China, and the isolates were characterized using molecular approaches and tested for virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. RESULTS A total of 200 chicken-derived E. coli isolates were collected for study from 2019 and 2020. The prevalence of B2 and D phylogenic groups in the 200 chicken-derived E. coli was verified by triplex PCR, which accounted for 50.53% (48/95) and 9.52% (10/105) in ExPEC and InPEC, respectively. Additionally, multilocus sequence typing method was used to examine the genetic diversity of these E. coli isolates, which showed that the dominant STs of ExPEC included ST117 (n = 10, 20.83%), ST297 (n = 5, 10.42%), ST93 (n = 4, 8.33%), ST1426 (n = 4, 8.33%) and ST10 (n = 3, 6.25%), while the dominant ST of InPEC was ST117 (n = 2, 20%). Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility tests of 16 antibiotics for those strains were conducted. The result showed that more than 60% of the ExPEC and InPEC were resistant to streptomycin and nalidixic acid. Among these streptomycin resistant isolates (n = 49), 99.76% harbored aminoglycoside resistance gene strA, and 63.27% harbored strB. Among these nalidixic acid resistant isolates (n = 38), 94.74% harbored a S83L mutation in gyrA, and 44.74% harbored a D87N mutation in gyrA. Moreover, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in the isolates of ExPEC and InPEC was 31.25% (15/48) and 20% (2/10), respectively. Alarmingly, 8.33% (4/48) of the ExPEC and 20% (2/10) of the InPEC were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Finally, the presence of 13 virulence-associated genes was checked in these isolates, which over 95% of the ExPEC and InPEC strains harbored irp2, feoB, fimH, ompT, ompA. 10.42% of the ExPEC and 10% of the InPEC were positive for kpsM. Only ExPEC isolates carried ibeA gene, and the rate was 4.17%. All tested strains were negative to LT and cnf genes. The carrying rate of iss and iutA were significantly different between the InPEC and ExPEC isolates (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the highly pathogenic groups of InPEC and ExPEC in Central China. We find that 50.53% (48/95) of the ExPEC belong to the D/B2 phylogenic group. The emergence of XDR and MDR strains and potential virulence genes may indicate the complicated treatment of the infections caused by APEC. This study will improve our understanding of the prevalence and pathogenicity of APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Honglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Huabin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
| | - Qingping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China.
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Rahman MM, Husna A, Elshabrawy HA, Alam J, Runa NY, Badruzzaman ATM, Banu NA, Al Mamun M, Paul B, Das S, Rahman MM, Mahbub-E-Elahi ATM, Khairalla AS, Ashour HM. Isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from chicken meat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21999. [PMID: 33319793 PMCID: PMC7738667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) are common in retail poultry products. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli in raw chicken meat samples collected from poultry shops in Sylhet division, Bangladesh, as well as to determine correlation between resistance phenotype and genotype. A total of 600 chicken meat swabs (divided equally between broiler and layer farms, n = 300 each) were collected and the isolates identified as E. coli (n = 381) were selected. Disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed resistance of these isolates to ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in our isolates. Among these ARGs, the prevalence of tetA (for tetracycline) was the highest (72.58%) in broiler chicken isolates, followed by sul1 (for sulfonamide; 44.16%), aadA1 (for streptomycin; 33.50%), ereA (for erythromycin; 27.41%), aac-3-IV (for gentamicin; 25.38%), and the two genes cmlA (24.87%) and catA1 (8.63%) for chloramphenicol. On the other hand, the respective prevalence in layer chicken isolates were 82.06%, 47.83%, 35.87%, 35.33%, 23.91%, 19.02%, and 5.43%. Furthermore, 49.23% of the isolates from broiler chicken were MDR, with the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including 3 (40.11%) and 4 (9.13%) genes. On the other hand, 51.09% of layer chicken E. coli isolates were MDR, with 3, 4 or 5 ARGs detected in 36.41%, 14.13%, and 0.54% of the isolates, respectively. We also found that 12.8% of broiler chicken E. coli isolates and 7.61% of layer chicken isolates carried genes coding for extended-spectrum SHV beta-lactamases. Lastly, we report the presence of the AmpC beta-lactamase producing gene (CITM) in 4.56% and 3.26% of broiler and layer chicken E. coli isolates, respectively. We found significant correlations between most of the antimicrobial resistant phenotypes and genotypes observed among the investigated E. coli isolates. Our findings highlight the need for the prudent use of antimicrobials in chickens to minimize the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh. .,ABEx Bio-Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Asmaul Husna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX, 77304, USA
| | - Jahangir Alam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Savar, Dhaka, 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Nurjahan Yasmin Runa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - A T M Badruzzaman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Arjuman Banu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.,Department of Livestock Services, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Al Mamun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Bashudeb Paul
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Shobhan Das
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahfujur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - A T M Mahbub-E-Elahi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed S Khairalla
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.,Department of Biology, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Musa BM, Imam H, Lendel A, Abdulkadir I, Gumi HS, Aliyu MH, Habib AG. The burden of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:241-248. [PMID: 31925440 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance on account of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) has become a major public health concern in developing countries. The presence of ESBL-PE is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. There is no active antimicrobial surveillance mechanism in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to determine a precise estimate of the burden of ESBL-PE in Nigeria. We employed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and searched electronic databases for suitable studies. We derived pooled prevalence estimates using random effects models and assessed trends with meta-regression. We found 208 studies, with 38 satisfying our inclusion criteria. The overall pooled prevalence of ESBL-PE in Nigeria was 34.6% (95% CI 26.8 to 42.3%) and increased at a rate of 0.22% per year (p for trend=0.837). In summary, we found the prevalence of ESBL-PE in Nigeria to be high and recommend a robust national survey to provide a more detailed picture of the epidemiology of ESBL-PE in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baba M Musa
- Department of Medicine, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. 700241
- Africa Center of Excellence of Population Health and Policy (ACEPHAP) Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Hassana Imam
- Department of Medicine, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. 700241
| | - Anastasia Lendel
- Center for Medicine, Health and Society 300 Calhoun Hall, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Isa Abdulkadir
- Department of Pediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital,Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Halima S Gumi
- North Devon District Hospital, Barnstable, EX31 1NR, UK
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 725, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203-1738, USA
| | - Abdulrazaq G Habib
- Department of Medicine, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. 700241
- Africa Center of Excellence of Population Health and Policy (ACEPHAP) Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
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Projahn M, Pacholewicz E, Becker E, Correia-Carreira G, Bandick N, Kaesbohrer A. Reviewing Interventions against Enterobacteriaceae in Broiler Processing: Using Old Techniques for Meeting the New Challenges of ESBL E. coli? Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:7309346. [PMID: 30426012 PMCID: PMC6218796 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7309346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) producing Enterobacteriaceae are frequently detected in poultry and fresh chicken meat. Due to the high prevalence, an impact on human colonization and the spread of antibiotic resistance into the environment is assumed. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae can be transmitted along the broiler production chain but also their persistence is reported because of insufficient cleaning and disinfection. Processing of broiler chickens leads to a reduction of microbiological counts on the carcasses. However, processing steps like scalding, defeathering, and evisceration are critical concerning fecal contamination and, therefore, cross-contamination with bacterial strains. Respective intervention measures along the slaughter processing line aim at reducing the microbiological load on broiler carcasses as well as preventing cross-contamination. Published data on the impact of possible intervention measures against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are missing and, therefore, we focused on processing measures concerning Enterobacteriaceae, in particular E. coli or coliform counts, during processing of broiler chickens to identify possible hints for effective strategies to reduce these resistant bacteria. In total, 73 publications were analyzed and data on the quantitative reductions were extracted. Most investigations concentrated on scalding, postdefeathering washes, and improvements in the chilling process and were already published in and before 2008 (n=42, 58%). Therefore, certain measures may be already installed in slaughterhouse facilities today. The effect on eliminating ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is questionable as there are still positive chicken meat samples found. A huge number of studies dealt with different applications of chlorine substances which are not approved in the European Union and the reduction level did not exceed 3 log10 values. None of the measures was able to totally eradicate Enterobacteriaceae from the broiler carcasses indicating the need to develop intervention measures to prevent contamination with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and, therefore, the exposure of humans and the further release of antibiotic resistances into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Projahn
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ewa Pacholewicz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelyne Becker
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Correia-Carreira
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Bandick
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Kaesbohrer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
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Bommer A, Böhler O, Johannsen E, Dobrindt U, Kuczius T. Effect of chlorine on cultivability of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and β-lactamase genes carrying E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:1105-1112. [PMID: 30262431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide spread of toxin-producing and multi-drug resistant bacteria in water, food and the environment is considered a major threat to human health. Drinking water quality is controlled by inspection of fecal indicators presence whereby viable contaminants will be efficiently reduced by chlorination which is a common process for disinfection. However, the all-out efficiency is arguable, because bacterial regrowth has been documented after disinfection. In this study, we investigated the stability of Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and β-lactamase expressing E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, both equipped with multiple or single β-lactamase resistance genes. The aim of the study was to analyze the efficiency of chlorine (Cl2) disinfection against shigatoxigenic or β-lactamase producing bacteria. Cl2 reacts with the bacterial cells after first contact. Counts of antibiotic resistant E. coli were lower after short than upon extended Cl2 treatment. P. aeruginosa counts decreased moderately upon 15-60 min treatment with 1.2 mg Cl2/l, while cells adapted to tap water were not cultivable anymore. We assume that the bacterial physiology changed to a temporary non-cultivatable state at first Cl2 contact followed by resuscitation of some cells at later stages. STEC viability went down continuously at low Cl2 concentrations and these toxigenic E. coli isolates exhibited slightly increased stability to Cl2 treatment compared with non-toxigenic E. coli. Controlling the efficiency of disinfection, realistic counts of cultivatable cells are achieved after extended Cl2 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Bommer
- Institute for Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-University and University Hospital Münster, Robert Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga Böhler
- Institute for Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-University and University Hospital Münster, Robert Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Johannsen
- Institute for Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-University and University Hospital Münster, Robert Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dobrindt
- Institute for Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-University and University Hospital Münster, Robert Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kuczius
- Institute for Hygiene, Westfälische Wilhelms-University and University Hospital Münster, Robert Koch-Strasse 41, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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