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Alves JC, Jorge P, Santos A. The Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Inflammation Following Dental Prophylaxis. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:26-30. [PMID: 36632039 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221150525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in reducing gingivitis following professional dental prophylaxis in dogs in a prospective, randomly controlled, double-blind study. The study included 47 dogs (male n = 23, female n = 24), with a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.6 years and a bodyweight of 28.9 ± 5.3 kg. Breeds included: Belgian Malinois Shepherd Dogs (n = 23), German Shepherd Dogs (n = 14), Labrador Retriever (n = 4), and Dutch Shepherd Dogs (n = 3). The left side of the mouth was treated by performing dental prophylaxis (control group). The right side received dental prophylaxis and a single session of PBMT using a Class IV therapeutic laser (treatment group). Each side was graded individually for periodontal disease (PD), gingivitis, and calculus. Follow-up observations were conducted on days 1, 3, 8, and 15 post-treatment. Results were compared using a Mann-Whitney Test. Multiple regression was run to predict PD, gingivitis, and calculus scores using age, sex, and breed. A p < .05 was considered significant. The PBMT group (PG) showed significantly lower gingivitis scores from day 1 to 15 post-treatment. PD had an increasing prevalence with age. Age and breed contributed to the prediction of PD, gingivitis, and calculus grading. This study showed that PBMT significantly reduced the grade of gingivitis following dental prophylaxis, and may be a useful adjuvant procedure following dental prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Alves
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Portugal
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Patricia Jorge
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Santos
- Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Portugal
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Barbosa E, Pires PGS, Hauptli L, Moraes P. Strategies to improve the home care of periodontal disease in dogs: A systematic review. Res Vet Sci 2023; 154:8-14. [PMID: 36375270 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The expected contribution of this study is to have a complete view of the available products used in the prevention of periodontal disease in dogs. The related studies in databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus, from 1992 to 2021, were retrieved, and 36 studies were used in the systematic review. Among the continents researched, North America proved to have the most developed research relating to the subject. The active ingredients researched, isolated, or compared to each other, were polyphosphates > phytogenics > chlorhexidine > enzymes > vitamin C > xylitol = adelmidrol = and probiotics. The form of use of active products was chewable > solution via water = via food > biscuits > paste and gels > mucoadhesive. Gingivitis index was the most studied parameter used to assess oral health. According to the evidence recovered in the systematic review was possible to conclude that products with different active agents and forms of use demonstrated positive effects in the prevention of periodontal diseases. The results of this study summarize the most frequently used active ingredients and application forms for cleaning dogs' teeth and provide a roadmap for future research on the maintenance of oral health in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária Convencional e Integrativa Rod, Ulysses Gaboardi, Km 3, 89520-000 Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - P G S Pires
- Advanced Poultry Gut Science, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - L Hauptli
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Itacorubi, 88034-000 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - P Moraes
- Advanced Poultry Gut Science, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Itacorubi, 88034-000 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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Moghaddam A, Ranjbar R, Yazdanian M, Tahmasebi E, Alam M, Abbasi K, Hosseini ZS, Tebyaniyan H. The Current Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Synthetic/Herbal/Biomaterials in Dental Application. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8856025. [PMID: 35958811 PMCID: PMC9363208 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8856025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herbal and chemical products are used for oral care and biofilm treatment and also have been reported to be controversial in the massive trials conducted in this regard. The present review is aimed at evaluating the potential of relevant herbal and chemical products and comparing their outcomes to conventional oral care products and summarizing the current state of evidence of the antibiofilm properties of different products by evaluating studies from the past eleven years. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), essential oils (EOs), and acetylpyridinium chloride were, respectively, the most commonly studied agents in the included studies. As confirmed by all systematic reviews, CHX and EO significantly control the plaque formation and gingival indices. Fluoride is another interesting reagent in oral care products that has shown promising results of oral health improvement, but the evidence quality needs to be refined. The synergy between natural plants and chemical products should be targeted in the future to accede to the formation of new, efficient, and healthy anticaries strategies. Moreover, to discover their biofilm-interfering or biofilm-inhibiting activities, effective clinical trials are needed. In this review article, therapeutic applications of herbal/chemical materials in oral biofilm infections are discussed in recent years (2010-2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moghaddam
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alam
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Abbasi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyaniyan
- Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Detection of Periodontal Pathogens from Dental Plaques of Dogs with and without Periodontal Disease. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040480. [PMID: 35456155 PMCID: PMC9032899 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental plaque bacteria are one of the main factors responsible for the development of a periodontal disease, which is the most common infectious disease in dogs. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of periodontal disease-related bacteria in the dental plaque of dogs. Plaque samples were taken from dogs with and without periodontal disease. Samples were analyzed for the presence of Porphyromonas gulae, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola using a PCR technique amplifying 16S rRNA genes of P. gulae and T. forsythia and flaB2 genes of Treponema species, including T. denticola. The presence of T. forsythia was confirmed in all samples. P. gulae was detected in all dogs with periodontal disease and in 71.43% of dogs without periodontal disease. Treponema spp. were detected in 64.29% of the samples. Based on Sanger sequencing and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool algorithm, Treponema spp. were identified as T. denticola and Treponema putidum. T. denticola was present in 28.57% of dogs with periodontal disease, while T. putidum was present in 42.86% of dogs with periodontal disease and in 57.14% of dogs without periodontal disease. T. putidum was positively correlated with both P. gulae and T. forsythia, suggesting that it may be involved in the development of periodontal disease.
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AMRAN A, ALHAJJ M, ARİFFİN Z, JOHARİ Y, AL-SOSWA A, ABDULGHANİ E, ALMEKHLAFİ O. Risk Factors Associated with Periodontal Diseases among Yemeni Adult Patients. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.981660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Guan J, Zhang D, Wang C. Identifying periodontitis risk factors through a retrospective analysis of 80 cases. Pak J Med Sci 2022; 38:293-296. [PMID: 35035442 PMCID: PMC8713243 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.38.1.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate periodontitis risk factors and to establish a reference framework for identifying factors that place individuals at greater risk for periodontitis. Methods: Clinical data from 80 periodontitis patients admitted in the Department of Stomatology at Hebei Provincial People’s Hospital and treated between March 2020 and March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Univariate analysis showed that lower daily brushing frequencies, decreased tooth brushing duration, decreased scaling frequency, dietary habits, smoking and drinking, genetic factors, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity were more prevalent among periodontitis patients than healthy controls. Multivariate binary logistic analysis showed that daily brushing frequency, routine scaling, smoking, drinking, heredity, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity were all risk factors for periodontitis. Conclusions: There are many risk factors for periodontitis. Clinicians need to be aware of these factors for early detection and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guan
- Jing Guan M.D. Department of Stomatology, Hebei General Hospital; No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Dong Zhang M.D. Department of Stomatology, Hebei General Hospital; No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, P.R. China
| | - Cailing Wang
- Cailing Wang M.D. Department of Stomatology, Hebei General Hospital; No. 348, Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, P.R. China
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The Relationship Between Periodontal Infection and Systemic and Distant Organ Disease in Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2021; 52:121-137. [PMID: 34838247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infection in the mouth causes systemic and distant organ changes in dogs. This article summarizes the information available. Reported changes include an increase in liver-generated acute-phase proteins in response to the infectious insult to the body and evidence of microscopic changes in renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues. Treatment of periodontal infection results in a decrease in the acute-phase protein concentration, which supports the hypothesis that a cause-and-effect relationship exists between periodontal infection and distant organ changes.
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Oba PM, Carroll MQ, Alexander C, Somrak AJ, Keating SCJ, Sage AM, Swanson KS. Dental chews positively shift the oral microbiota of adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6199860. [PMID: 33780530 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays a prominent role in periodontal disease, but the canine oral microbiota and how dental chews may affect these populations have been poorly studied. We aimed to determine the differences in oral microbiota of adult dogs consuming dental chews compared with control dogs consuming only a diet. Twelve adult female beagle dogs (mean age = 5.31 ± 1.08 yr) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of 28-d periods. Treatments (n = 12/group) included: diet only (CT); diet + Bones & Chews Dental Treats (BC; Chewy, Inc., Dania Beach, FL); diet + Dr. Lyon's Grain-Free Dental Treats (DL; Dr. Lyon's, LLC, Dania Beach, FL); and diet + Greenies Dental Treats (GR; Mars Petcare US, Franklin, TN). Each day, one chew was provided 4 h after mealtime. On day 27, breath samples were analyzed for total volatile sulfur compound concentrations using a Halimeter. On day 0 of each period, teeth were cleaned by a veterinary dentist blinded to treatments. Teeth were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis by the same veterinary dentist on day 28 of each period. After scoring, salivary (SAL), subgingival (SUB), and supragingival (SUP) samples were collected for microbiota analysis using Illumina MiSeq. All data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.4) using the Mixed Models procedure, with P < 0.05 considered significant. All dogs consuming chews had lower calculus coverage and thickness, pocket depth and bleeding, plaque thickness, and halitosis compared with CT. In all sites of collection, CT dogs had a higher relative abundance of one or more potentially pathogenic bacteria (Porphyromonas, Anaerovorax, Desulfomicrobium, Tannerella, and Treponema) and lower relative abundance of one or more genera associated with oral health (Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Actinomyces, Lautropia, Bergeyella, and Moraxella) than those fed chews. DL reduced Porphyromonas in SUP and SUB samples. DL and GR reduced Treponema in SUP samples. DL increased Corynebacterium in all sites of collection. BC increased Corynebacterium in SAL samples. DL and GR increased Neisseria in SAL samples. DL increased Actinomyces in the SUB sample. GR increased Actinomyces in SAL samples. Our results suggest that the dental chews tested in this study may aid in reducing periodontal disease risk in dogs by beneficially shifting the microbiota inhabiting plaque and saliva of a dog's oral cavity. These shifts occurred over a short period of time and were correlated with improved oral health scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Meredith Q Carroll
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Celeste Alexander
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amy J Somrak
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie C J Keating
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Adrianna M Sage
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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