Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward rabies in three provinces of Indonesia

One Health approach and zoonotic diseases in Indonesia: Urgency of implementation and challenges

The urgency of implementing the One Health approach to overcome zoonotic diseases cannot be overstated. By recognizing the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and the environment, we can effectively prevent and respond to emerging infectious disease threats. This review article provides information on the importance of generating research on zoonotic diseases, especially in Indonesia, where research is still relatively scarce. The Indonesian government has taken steps to implement the One Health by establishing the One Health Coordinating Unit and the National Zoonosis Committee; however, implementation has not been optimal. The urgency and challenges are focused on critical implementation aspects in the community. The urgency of implementing One Health includes that Indonesia has experienced several outbreaks of zoonotic diseases; high environmental degradation; and the antimicrobial resistance issue in Indonesia has increased. The challenges faced in implementing One Health are overcoming fragmentation due to incohesive communication between important sectors, securing funding and resource investment, aligning policies to eliminate regulation barriers, capacity building to increase awareness and professionals, and addressing critical socioeconomic factors. By prioritizing implementing the One Health approach and addressing existing challenges, Indonesia can build a more resilient and integrated system to protect the well-being of all species, protect ecosystems, and prevent the devastating effects of zoonotic diseases on global health. In this review, we present the urgency of One Health implementation and its challenges comprehensively.

Tracking lethal threat: in-depth review of rabies

An infectious disease known as rabies (family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus) causes severe damage to mammals' central nervous systems (CNS). This illness has been around for a very long time. The majority of human cases of rabies take place in underdeveloped regions of Africa and Asia. Following viral transmission, the Rhabdovirus enters the peripheral nervous system and proceeds to the CNS, where it targets the encephalon and produces encephalomyelitis. Postbite prophylaxis requires laboratory confirmation of rabies in both people and animals. All warm-blooded animals can transmit the Lyssavirus infection, while the virus can also develop in the cells of cold-blooded animals. In the 21st century, more than 3 billion people are in danger of contracting the rabies virus in more than 100 different nations, resulting in an annual death toll of 50,000-59,000. There are three important elements in handling rabies disease in post exposure prophylaxis (PEP), namely wound care, administration of anti-rabies serum, and anti-rabies vaccine. Social costs include death, lost productivity as a result of early death, illness as a result of vaccination side effects, and the psychological toll that exposure to these deadly diseases has on people. Humans are most frequently exposed to canine rabies, especially youngsters and the poor, and there are few resources available to treat or prevent exposure, making prevention of human rabies challenging.