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Gallina NLF, Irizarry Tardi N, Li X, Cai A, Horn MJ, Applegate BM, Reddivari L, Bhunia AK. Assessment of Biofilm Formation and Anti-Inflammatory Response of a Probiotic Blend in a Cultured Canine Cell Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2284. [PMID: 39597673 PMCID: PMC11596120 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Revised: 10/31/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis and an inflamed bowel are growing concerns in mammals, including dogs. Probiotic supplements have been used to restore the natural microbial community and improve gastrointestinal health. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial activities, and immunological responses of probiotics are crucial to improving gut health. Thus, we tested a commercial probiotic blend (LabMAX-3), a canine kibble additive comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Enterococcus faecium for their ability to inactivate common enteric pathogens; their ability to form biofilms; epithelial cell adhesion; and their anti-inflammatory response in the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. Probiotic LabMAX-3 blend or individual isolates showed a strong inhibitory effect against Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni. LabMAX-3 formed biofilms comparable to Staphylococcus aureus. LabMAX-3 adhesion to the MDCK cell line (with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment) showed comparable adhesion and biofilm formation (p < 0.05) to L. casei ATCC 334 used as a control. LabMAX-3 had no cytotoxic effects on the MDCK cell line during 1 h exposure. The interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) ratio of LabMAX-3, compared to the L. casei control, showed a significant increase (p < 0.05), indicating a more pronounced anti-inflammatory response. The data show that LabMAX-3, a canine kibble supplement, can improve gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L. F. Gallina
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.L.F.G.); (N.I.T.); (X.L.); (A.C.)
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Nicole Irizarry Tardi
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.L.F.G.); (N.I.T.); (X.L.); (A.C.)
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Xilin Li
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.L.F.G.); (N.I.T.); (X.L.); (A.C.)
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Alvin Cai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.L.F.G.); (N.I.T.); (X.L.); (A.C.)
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Mandy J. Horn
- CH2 Animal Solutions, 21 Bear Creek Estates Dr., Ottumwa, IA 52501, USA;
| | - Bruce M. Applegate
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.M.A.); (L.R.)
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lavanya Reddivari
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.M.A.); (L.R.)
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arun K. Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (N.L.F.G.); (N.I.T.); (X.L.); (A.C.)
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (B.M.A.); (L.R.)
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Han B, Liang S, Sun J, Tao H, Wang Z, Liu B, Wang X, Liu J, Wang J. The Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on the Fecal Microbiota, Short Chain Fatty Acids, Odorous Substances, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Cats. Microorganisms 2024; 12:91. [PMID: 38257918 PMCID: PMC10820841 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli have played an important role in the gut health of pets. The aim of this research was to study the effects of isolated Lactobacilli (named L11) on the immune, nutrient metabolism, and gut health of cats. Twelve healthy adult cats were randomly assigned into two groups, the control group (CONTROL, n = 6, without any probiotics product) and the treatment group (probiotics, n = 6, L11 109 CFU/kg feed), while using the same dry diet. On day 28, blood and fecal samples were collected, and the blood biochemical indices, fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), immunological parameters, and odorous substances were separately tested. The triglyceride of the blood was decreased after using L11 (p < 0.05), which could probably alleviate the occurrence of cat obesity to some extent. The sIgA of the feces was increased by 30.1% (p < 0.05), which could enhance the cat's immunity. The abundance of Bifidobacteria was increased after using L11 (p < 0.05), and the indole and 3-methylindole of the feces were both reduced compared with the control group; 3-methylindole was especially reduced by 67.3% (p < 0.05), which showed that L11 could also improve the intestinal state of cats. Therefore, this research shows that L11 could be a good choice to improve the gut health and immune functions of cats, and it is probably related to the lipid mechanism of cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (S.L.); (H.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Shukun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (S.L.); (H.T.); (Z.W.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jintao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (S.L.); (H.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Hui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (S.L.); (H.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (S.L.); (H.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Baosheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (S.L.); (H.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (S.L.); (H.T.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China; (S.L.); (H.T.); (Z.W.)
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