2
|
Lavin KM, Coen PM, Baptista LC, Bell MB, Drummer D, Harper SA, Lixandrão ME, McAdam JS, O’Bryan SM, Ramos S, Roberts LM, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Bamman MM, Buford TW. State of Knowledge on Molecular Adaptations to Exercise in Humans: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3193-3279. [PMID: 35578962 PMCID: PMC9186317 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, regular exercise has been acknowledged as a potent stimulus to promote, maintain, and restore healthy functioning of nearly every physiological system of the human body. With advancing understanding of the complexity of human physiology, continually evolving methodological possibilities, and an increasingly dire public health situation, the study of exercise as a preventative or therapeutic treatment has never been more interdisciplinary, or more impactful. During the early stages of the NIH Common Fund Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) Initiative, the field is well-positioned to build substantially upon the existing understanding of the mechanisms underlying benefits associated with exercise. Thus, we present a comprehensive body of the knowledge detailing the current literature basis surrounding the molecular adaptations to exercise in humans to provide a view of the state of the field at this critical juncture, as well as a resource for scientists bringing external expertise to the field of exercise physiology. In reviewing current literature related to molecular and cellular processes underlying exercise-induced benefits and adaptations, we also draw attention to existing knowledge gaps warranting continued research effort. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3193-3279, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaleen M. Lavin
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Paul M. Coen
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret B. Bell
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Devin Drummer
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sara A. Harper
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Manoel E. Lixandrão
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeremy S. McAdam
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samia M. O’Bryan
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sofhia Ramos
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bret H. Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Advent Health, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Center for Human Health, Resilience, and Performance, Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Center for Exercise Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Are Resistance Training-Induced BDNF in Hemodialysis Patients Associated with Depressive Symptoms, Quality of Life, Antioxidant Capacity, and Muscle Strength? An Insight for the Muscle-Brain-Renal Axis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111299. [PMID: 34769814 PMCID: PMC8583357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hemodialysis patients are suffering from depressive symptoms. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are negatively associated with depressive symptoms and decrease during a single hemodialysis session. Resistance training (RT) might be an additional non-pharmacological tool to increase BDNF and promote mental health. Methods: Two randomized groups of hemodialysis patients: control (CTL, n = 76/F36; 66.33 ± 3.88 years) and RT (n = 81/F35; 67.27 ± 3.24 years). RT completed six months of training thrice a week under the supervision of strength and conditioning professional immediately before the dialysis session. Training loads were adjusted using the OMNI rating of perceived exertion. The total antioxidant capacity (TROLOX), glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and BDNF levels were analyzed in serum samples. Quality of life (assessed through Medical Outcomes—SF36), and Beck Depression Inventory was applied. Results: RT improved handgrip strength (21.17 ± 4.38 vs. 27.17 ± 4.34; p = 0.001) but not for CTL (20.09 ± 5.19 vs. 19.75 ± 5.54; p = 0.001). Post-training, RT group had higher values as compared to CTL related to TROLOX (RT,680.8 ± 225.2 vs. CTL,589.5 ± 195.9; p = 0.001) and GSH (RT, 9.33 ± 2.09 vs. CTL,5.00 ± 2.96; p = 0.001). RT group had lower values of TBARS as compared to CTL at post-training (RT, 11.06 ± 2.95 vs. CTL, 13.66 ± 2.62; p = 0.001). BDNF increased for RT (11.66 ± 5.20 vs. 19.60 ± 7.23; p = 0.001), but decreased for CTL (14.40 ± 4.99 vs. 10.84 ± 5.94; p = 0.001). Quality of life and mental health increased (p = 0.001) for RT, but did not change for CTL (p = 0.001). BDNF levels were associated with emotional dimensions of SF36, depressive symptoms, and handgrip (p = 0.001). Conclusions: RT was effective as a non-pharmacological tool to increased BDNF levels, quality of life, temper the redox balance and decrease depressive symptoms intensity in hemodialysis patients.
Collapse
|
4
|
Murawska-Ciałowicz E, de Assis GG, Clemente FM, Feito Y, Stastny P, Zuwała-Jagiełło J, Bibrowicz B, Wolański P. Effect of four different forms of high intensity training on BDNF response to Wingate and Graded Exercise Test. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8599. [PMID: 33883635 PMCID: PMC8060323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a nine-week intervention of four different high-intensity training modalities [high-intensity functional training (HIFT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity power training (HIPT), and high-intensity endurance training (HIET)] on the resting concentration of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). In addition, we evaluated the BDNF responses to Graded Exercise Test (GXT) and Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) in men. Thirty-five healthy individuals with body mass index 25.55 ± 2.35 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned into four training groups. During nine-weeks they completed three exercise sessions per week for one-hour. BDNF was analyzed before and after a GXT and WAnT in two stages: (stage 0-before training and stage 9-after nine weeks of training). At stage 0, an increase in BDNF concentration was observed in HIFT (33%; p < 0.05), HIPT (36%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (38%; p < 0.05) after GXT. Even though HIET showed an increase in BDNF (10%) this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At stage 9, higher BDNF levels after GXT were seen only for the HIFT (30%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (18%; p < 0.05) groups. Reduction in BDNF levels were noted after the WAnT in stage 0 for HIFT (- 47%; p < 0.01), HIPT (- 49%; p < 0.001), HIET (- 18%; p < 0.05)], with no changes in the HIIT group (- 2%). At stage 9, BDNF was also reduced after WAnT, although these changes were lower compared to stage 0. The reduced level of BDNF was noted in the HIFT (- 28%; p < 0.05), and HIPT (- 19%;p < 0.05) groups. Additionally, all groups saw an improvement in VO2max (8%; p < 0.001), while BDNF was also correlated with lactate and minute ventilation and selected WAnT parameters. Our research has shown that resting values of BDNF after nine weeks of different forms of high-intensity training (HIT) have not changed or were reduced. Resting BDNF measured at 3th (before GXT at stage 9) and 6th day after long lasting HITs (before WAnT at stage 9) did not differed (before GXT), but in comparison to the resting value before WAnT at the baseline state, was lower in three groups. It appears that BDNF levels after one bout of exercise is depended on duration time, intensity and type of test/exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilmara Gomes de Assis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAN, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto E Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana Do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Yuri Feito
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Paweł Wolański
- Physiology and Biochemistry Department, University School of Physical Education, Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Júdice PB, Magalhães JP, Hetherington-Rauth M, Correia IR, Sardinha LB. Sedentary patterns are associated with BDNF in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:871-879. [PMID: 33389140 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise is beneficial to type-2 diabetes-mellitus (T2DM), and there is evidence showing that one of those benefits include a higher expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which has been implicated in improving fat oxidation and cognitive development. The deleterious effect of prolonged sedentary time (ST) on BDNF levels has never been examined in patients with T2DM. Our goal was to analyse the associations for sedentary patterns [i.e. breaks in ST per sedentary hour (BST-ST) and bouts of sedentary time (BSB) of different length] with BDNF in patients with T2DM, independent of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). METHODS Sample included 80 patients (38 women) with T2DM (58.3 ± 7.8 years). ST and MVPA were assessed by accelerometry (ActiGraph, GT3X + model), BDNF by blood collection and plasma quantification using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and CRF was determined using a Bruce protocol to exhaustion, on a motorized treadmill. RESULTS Positive associations for BST-ST (β = 0.155; p = 0.007) with BDNF, and negative associations for BSB longer than 15 min with BDNF were found (β = - 0.118; p = 0.049). Neither MVPA nor cardiorespiratory fitness eliminated the associations for BST-ST with BDNF, but MVPA eradicated the associations between BSB > 15 min and BDNF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that interrupting ST and especially avoiding longer sedentary periods (> 15 min) may be beneficial for BDNF plasma abundance that may influence metabolic and cognitive functioning of patients with T2DM, especially for the ones presenting lower MVPA levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION May 5, 2017, ClinicalTrials.govID:NCT03144505.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal.
- CIDEFES-Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física e Exercício e Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - João P Magalhães
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Megan Hetherington-Rauth
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Inês R Correia
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lam T, Birzniece V, McLean M, Gurney H, Hayden A, Cheema BS. The Adverse Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Prostate Cancer and the Benefits and Potential Anti-oncogenic Mechanisms of Progressive Resistance Training. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32056047 PMCID: PMC7018888 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-0242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has the second highest incidence of all cancers amongst men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) remains a common form of treatment. However, in reducing serum testosterone to castrate levels and rendering men hypogonadal, ADT contributes to a myriad of adverse effects which can affect prostate cancer prognosis. Physical activity is currently recommended as synergistic medicine in prostate cancer patients to alleviate the adverse effects of treatment. Progressive resistance training (PRT) is an anabolic exercise modality which may be of benefit in prostate cancer patients given its potency in maintaining and positively adapting skeletal muscle. However, currently, there is a scarcity of RCTs which have evaluated the use of isolated PRT in counteracting the adverse effects of prostate cancer treatment. Moreover, although physical activity in general has been found to reduce relapse rates and improve survival in prostate cancer, the precise anti-oncogenic effects of specific exercise modalities, including PRT, have not been fully established. Thus, the overall objective of this article is to provide a rationale for the in-depth investigation of PRT and its biological effects in men with prostate cancer on ADT. This will be achieved by (1) summarising the metabolic effects of ADT in patients with prostate cancer and its effect on prostate cancer progression and prognosis, (2) reviewing the existing evidence regarding the metabolic benefits of PRT in this cohort, (3) exploring the possible oncological pathways by which PRT can affect prostate cancer prognosis and progression and (4) outlining avenues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lam
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vita Birzniece
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark McLean
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Hayden
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Birinder S Cheema
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|