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Vollmer R, Villagaray R, Castro M, Cárdenas J, Pineda S, Espirilla J, Anglin N, Ellis D, Rennó Azevedo VC. The world's largest potato cryobank at the International Potato Center (CIP) - Status quo, protocol improvement through large-scale experiments and long-term viability monitoring. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1059817. [PMID: 36523628 PMCID: PMC9746984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1059817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term conservation of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) is a key priority for guaranteeing food security and sustainability of agricultural systems for current and future generations. The need for the secure conservation of genetic resources collections ex situ is critical, due to rapid and extreme climatic changes which are threatening and reducing biodiversity in their natural environments. The International Potato Center (CIP) conserves one of the most complete and diverse genetic resources collections of potato, with more than 7500 accessions composed of 4900 cultivated potato and 2600 potato wild relative accessions. The clonal conservation of cultivated potato, principally landraces, through in vitro or field collections is indispensable to maintain fixed allelic states, yet it is costly and labor-intensive. Cryopreservation, the conservation of biological samples in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), is considered the most reliable and cost-efficient long-term ex-situ conservation method for clonal crops. Over the last decade, CIP has built one of the largest potato cryobanks worldwide, cyopreserving more than 4000 cultivated potato accessions which represents 84% of the total cultivated potato collection currently conserved at CIP. In approximately, four years the entire potato collection will be cryopreserved. The development of an applied, robust cryopreservation protocol for potato, serves as a model for other clonally maintained crop collections. The CIP cryobank designs experiments with a high number of genetically diverse genotypes (70-100 accessions, seven cultivated species), to obtain reliable results that can be extrapolated over the collection as genotypes can often respond variably to the same applied conditions. Unlike most published reports on cryopreservation of plants, these large-scale experiments on potato are unique as they examine the acclimatization process of in vitro plants prior to, as well as during cryopreservation on up to ten times the number of genotypes conventionally reported in the published literature. As a result, an operational cryopreservation protocol for potato has advanced that works well across diverse potato accessions, not only with reduced processing time and costs, but also with an increased average full-plant recovery rate from 58% to 73% (+LN) for routine cryopreservation. The present article describes the composition of CIP's cryobank, the cryopreservation protocol, methodology for the dynamic improvement of the operational protocol, as well as data collected on regeneration from long term cryopreserved potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Castro
- Genebank, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
| | - José Cárdenas
- Genebank, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
| | - Sandra Pineda
- Genebank, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
| | | | - Noelle Anglin
- Genebank, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research unit, US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Aberdeen, ID, United States
| | - Dave Ellis
- Genebank, International Potato Center (CIP), Lima, Peru
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della Cuna FSR, Calevo J, Giovannini A, Boselli C, Tava A. Characterization of the Essential oil of the Bat-Pollinated Passiflora mucronata. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Passiflora is an important source of food, therapeutic substances and for the horticultural economy. In the last decades, a detailed chemical composition of the essential oil of Passiflora species has been reported, but only for few species, mainly of agricultural interest, although little attention has been paid to chiropterophilous Passifloraceae, such as P. mucronata. The present study is focused on analyzing the essential oil composition of P. mucronata, a Brazilian bat-pollinated species. From GC/FID and GC/MS analyses of the volatile fraction from fresh flowers and leaves, hydrocarbons were quantified as 47.9% and 42.8% of the total volatiles of flowers and leaves, respectively, esters for 50.8% in flowers and 6.4% in leaves, and alcohols 38.2% and 0.3% of the total volatiles from leaves and flowers, respectively. Other classes of compounds, such as monoterpenes and aldehydes, together with phytol, were detected in higher concentration in leaves compared with flowers. The higher content of methyl and ethyl esters of long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, i.e. ethyl linolenate (38.3%), methyl linolenate (7.0%) and ethyl palmitate (3.6%), were the most representative suggesting that esters might play a critical role for fertilization of P. mucronata acting as bat attractors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saverio Robustelli della Cuna
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy
- DDS Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jacopo Calevo
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi, 508 - 18038 Sanremo (IM), Italy
- DBIOS Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giovannini
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi, 508 - 18038 Sanremo (IM), Italy
| | - Cinzia Boselli
- DDS Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy
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França JM, Venial LR, Costa EB, Schmildt ER, Schmildt O, Bernardes PM, Tatagiba SD, Lopes JC, Ferreira MFS, Alexandre RS. Morphophysiology, Phenotypic and Molecular Diversity of Auxin-induced Passiflora mucronata Lam. (Passifloraceae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1799-1814. [PMID: 29668796 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820160898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity allows identification of potential intraspecific genotypes in the genus Passiflora. The objective of this study was to examine the morphological and genetic diversity of auxin-induced Passiflora mucronata. The experiments were arranged in a complete randomized block design, with a 9 x 2 factorial arrangement (nine genotypes x presence and absence of auxin, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)), with four replicates of 16 cuttings. The rooting and vegetative growth responses were variable. Genotype 5 was more responsive in the absence of IBA and genotypes 3, 8 and 9 were more responsive in the presence of IBA. Auxin increased rooting rate and percentage, reducing the average time of root protrusion in eight days. IBA also contributed to increase photosynthesis and dry root and shoot mass in 55.55 and 44.44% of the genotypes, respectively. The highest relative contribution to phenotypic diversity in the absence of auxin was rate (38.75%) and percentage (20.27%) of rooting, whereas in the presence of auxin was stomatal conductance (23.19%) and root dry mass (20.91%). Similarity was found for phenotypic and molecular divergence in the presence of IBA, in which genotypes 1 and 6; genotypes 5, 8 and 9; and genotype 3 were clustered in distinct groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliany M França
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km 60, 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Lucimara R Venial
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Bairro Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Eloá B Costa
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Bairro Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Edilson R Schmildt
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km 60, 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Omar Schmildt
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, Km 60, 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Paula M Bernardes
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Bairro Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Sandro D Tatagiba
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará, Campus Itaituba/IFPA, Estrada Jacarezinho, s/n, Maria Magdalena, 68183-300 Itaituba, PA, Brazil
| | - José C Lopes
- Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, Bairro Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcia F S Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Avenida Governador Lindemberg, 316, Centro, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Alexandre
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Avenida Governador Lindemberg, 316, Centro, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil
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