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Ji W, Sun L, Wang D, Zhu W. Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate inflammatory responses through regulation of T-cell subsets. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 983:176996. [PMID: 39277095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) is a complex disorder characterized by excessive immune responses involving T cells and their subsets, leading to direct tissue damage. T cells can be broadly categorized into CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. CD4+ T cells are composed of several subsets, including T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, follicular helper T cells (Tfhs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs), while effector CD8+ T cells consist mainly of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Current therapies for IMID are ineffective, prompting exploration into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a promising clinical treatment due to their immunomodulatory effects and self-renewal potential. Recent studies have shown that MSCs can suppress T cells through direct cell-to-cell contact or secretion of soluble cytokines. Nevertheless, the precise effects of MSCs on T cell subsets remain inadequately defined. In this review, we summarize the most recent studies that have examined how MSCs modulate one or more effector T-cell subsets and the mechanisms behind these modifications in vitro and several mouse models of clinical inflammation. This also provides theoretical support and novel insights into the efficacy of clinical treatments involving MSCs. However, the efficacy of MSC therapies in clinical models of inflammation varies, showing effective remission in most cases, but also with exacerbation of T-cell-mediated inflammatory damage in some instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimeng Ji
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013,China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital Ofjiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215399, China
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013,China.
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Li Y, Jin M, Guo D, Shen S, Lu K, Pan R, Sun L, Zhang H, Shao J, Pan G. Unveiling the immunogenicity of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells: Challenges and strategies for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117537. [PMID: 39405918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit significant potential in the context of cell therapy because of their capacity to perform a range of interconnected functions in damaged tissues, including immune modulation, hematopoietic support, and tissue regeneration. MSCs are hypoimmunogenic because of their diminished expression of major histocompatibility molecules, absence of costimulatory molecules, and presence of coinhibitory molecules. While autologous MSCs reduce the risk of rejection and infection, variability in cell numbers and proliferation limits their potential applications. Conversely, allogeneic MSCs (allo-MSCs) possess broad clinical applications unconstrained by donor physiology. Nonetheless, preclinical and clinical investigations highlight that transplanted allo-MSCs are subject to immune attack from recipients. These cells exhibit anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory phenotypes contingent on the microenvironment. Notably, the proinflammatory phenotype features enhanced immunogenicity and diminished immunosuppression, potentially triggering allogeneic immune reactions that impede long-term clinical efficacy. Consequently, preserving the low immunogenicity of allo-MSCs in vivo and mitigating immune rejection in diverse microenvironments represent crucial challenges for the widespread clinical application of MSCs. In this review, we elucidate the immune regulation of allo-MSCs, specifically focusing on two distinct subgroups, MSC1 and MSC2, that exhibit varying polarization states and immunogenicity. We discuss the factors and underlying mechanisms that induce MSC immunogenicity and polarization, highlighting the crucial role of major histocompatibility complex class I/II molecules in rejection post-transplantation. Additionally, we summarize the immunogenic regulatory targets and applications of allo-MSCs and outline strategies to address challenges in this promising field, aiming to enhance allo-MSC therapeutic efficacy for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Guo
- Hangzhou City University, School of Medicine, 50 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaining Lu
- Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchen Zhang
- Department of Gatroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, No. 261 HuanSha Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Gang Pan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Raiten J, Abd GM, Handelsman SB, Patel HV, Ku JC, Parsons AM, Wassink JL, Hayes SL, Overbay J, Li Y. Hypoxia-induced PD-L1 expression and modulation of muscle stem cell allograft rejection. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1471563. [PMID: 39555101 PMCID: PMC11564730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1471563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 10/17/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has shown immense promise in treating genetic disorders, particularly muscular diseases like Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This study investigates a novel method to enhance the viability of stem cell transplants in DMD by upregulating Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) through preconditioning with hypoxia and/or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to mitigate T cell immune rejection. MuSCs were treated with 5% hypoxia for 72 h and further treated with IFN-γ to enhance PD-L1 expression. Additionally, gain and loss experiments using a PD-L1 inhibitor (BMS-1) were conducted to investigate cellular expression profiles in vitro and cell transplantation outcomes in vivo. Our results showed significant upregulation of PD-L1 in MuSCs under hypoxia and IFN-γ conditions without affecting cellular proliferation and differentiation in vitro. In vivo, these preconditioned MuSCs led to decreased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in implanted limb muscles of mouse models. Blocking PD-L1 reduced graft survival in muscles treated with MuSCs. Conversely, increased PD-L1 expression and reduced T cell infiltration correlated with improved graft survival, as identified by pre-labeled LacZ + MuSCs following transplantation. This study provides evidence that hypoxia and IFN-γ preconditioning of MuSCs can significantly enhance the efficacy of cell therapy for DMD by mitigating immune rejection. Our strategic approach aimed to improve donor cell survival and function post-transplantation by modifying immune responses towards the donor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raiten
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Genevieve M. Abd
- Division of BioMedical Engineering, Department of Surgical Science, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Shane B. Handelsman
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Harshank V. Patel
- Division of BioMedical Engineering, Department of Surgical Science, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer C. Ku
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Agata M. Parsons
- Division of BioMedical Engineering, Department of Surgical Science, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Wassink
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Sheridan L. Hayes
- Division of BioMedical Engineering, Department of Surgical Science, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Juliana Overbay
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Division of BioMedical Engineering, Department of Surgical Science, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Cui E, Lv L, Chen W, Chen N, Pan R. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-based cell-free therapy for the treatment of acute lung injury. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1241-1248. [PMID: 37668145 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe medical condition that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lung, resulting in respiratory distress. Moreover, ALI often occurs as a complication of other medical conditions or injuries, including the coronavirus disease of 2019. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being studied extensively for their therapeutic potential in various diseases, including ALI. The results of recent studies suggest that the beneficial effects of MSCs may not be primarily due to the replacement of damaged cells but rather the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other soluble factors through a paracrine mechanism. Furthermore, EVs derived from MSCs preserve the therapeutic action of the parent MSCs and this approach avoids the safety issues associated with live cell therapy. Thus, MSC-based cell-free therapy may be the focus of future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou, China
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Sawada H, Kazama T, Nagaoka Y, Arai Y, Kano K, Uei H, Tokuhashi Y, Nakanishi K, Matsumoto T. Bone marrow-derived dedifferentiated fat cells exhibit similar phenotype as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with high osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration ability. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:191. [PMID: 36906634 PMCID: PMC10007822 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to have different differentiation potential depending on the tissue of origin. Dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) are MSC-like multipotent cells that can be prepared from mature adipocytes by ceiling culture method. It is still unknown whether DFATs derived from adipocytes in different tissue showed different phenotype and functional properties. In the present study, we prepared bone marrow (BM)-derived DFATs (BM-DFATs), BM-MSCs, subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue-derived DFATs (SC-DFATs), and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) from donor-matched tissue samples. Then, we compared their phenotypes and multilineage differentiation potential in vitro. We also evaluated in vivo bone regeneration ability of these cells using a mouse femoral fracture model. METHODS BM-DFATs, SC-DFATs, BM-MSCs, and ASCs were prepared from tissue samples of knee osteoarthritis patients who received total knee arthroplasty. Cell surface antigens, gene expression profile, and in vitro differentiation capacity of these cells were determined. In vivo bone regenerative ability of these cells was evaluated by micro-computed tomography imaging at 28 days after local injection of the cells with peptide hydrogel (PHG) in the femoral fracture model in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. RESULTS BM-DFATs were successfully generated at similar efficiency as SC-DFATs. Cell surface antigen and gene expression profiles of BM-DFATs were similar to those of BM-MSCs, whereas these profiles of SC-DFATs were similar to those of ASCs. In vitro differentiation analysis revealed that BM-DFATs and BM-MSCs had higher differentiation tendency toward osteoblasts and lower differentiation tendency toward adipocytes compared to SC-DFATs and ASCs. Transplantation of BM-DFATs and BM-MSCs with PHG enhanced bone mineral density at the injection sites compared to PHG alone in the mouse femoral fracture model. CONCLUSIONS We showed that phenotypic characteristics of BM-DFATs were similar to those of BM-MSCs. BM-DFATs exhibited higher osteogenic differentiation potential and bone regenerative ability compared to SC-DFATs and ASCs. These results suggest that BM-DFATs may be suitable sources of cell-based therapies for patients with nonunion bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokatsu Sawada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kazama
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagaoka
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Arai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kano
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Tokuhashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Nakanishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
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Huang S, Li Y, Zeng J, Chang N, Cheng Y, Zhen X, Zhong D, Chen R, Ma G, Wang Y. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Asthma Therapy: Mechanisms and Strategies for Enhancement. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231180128. [PMID: 37318186 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231180128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and airway remodeling. Most asthmatic patients are well-established using standard treatment strategies and advanced biologicals. However, a small group of patients who do not respond to biological treatments or are not effectively controlled by available treatment strategies remain a clinical challenge. Therefore, new therapies are urgently needed for poorly controlled asthma. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential in relieving airway inflammation and repairing impaired immune balance in preclinical trials owing to their immunomodulatory abilities. Noteworthy, MSCs exerted a therapeutic effect on steroid-resistant asthma with rare side effects in asthmatic models. Nevertheless, adverse factors such as limited obtained number, nutrient and oxygen deprivation in vitro, and cell senescence or apoptosis affected the survival rate and homing efficiency of MSCs, thus limiting the efficacy of MSCs in asthma. In this review, we elaborate on the roles and underlying mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of asthma from the perspective of their source, immunogenicity, homing, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacity and summarize strategies to improve their therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqing Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yisen Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiangfan Zhen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Dan Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Riling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
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