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Gu M, Liu Y, Xin P, Guo W, Zhao Z, Yang X, Ma R, Jiao T, Zheng W. Fundamental insights and molecular interactions in pancreatic cancer: Pathways to therapeutic approaches. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216738. [PMID: 38401887 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract can be affected by a number of diseases that pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant manifestation of them. The prognosis of PC patients is unfavorable and because of their diagnosis at advanced stage, the treatment of this tumor is problematic. Owing to low survival rate, there is much interest towards understanding the molecular profile of PC in an attempt in developing more effective therapeutics. The conventional therapeutics for PC include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as emerging immunotherapy. However, PC is still incurable and more effort should be performed. The molecular landscape of PC is an underlying factor involved in increase in progression of tumor cells. In the presence review, the newest advances in understanding the molecular and biological events in PC are discussed. The dysregulation of molecular pathways including AMPK, MAPK, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and non-coding RNA transcripts has been suggested as a factor in development of tumorigenesis in PC. Moreover, cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and necroptosis demonstrate abnormal levels. The EMT and glycolysis in PC cells enhance to ensure their metastasis and proliferation. Furthermore, such abnormal changes have been used to develop corresponding pharmacological and nanotechnological therapeutics for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Peng Xin
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Ruiyang Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Taiwei Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China.
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2
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Shu Y, Huang H, Gao M, Xu W, Cao X, Jia X, Deng B. Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Markers Used for Prediction Prognosis, Immune Microenvironment, and Tumor Stage of Pancreatic Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:931-949. [PMID: 37505298 PMCID: PMC11031448 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, more and more evidence shows that lipid metabolism disorder has been observed in tumor, which impacts tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and response to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor treatment. However, hitherto there has not been sufficient research to demonstrate the role of lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. This study contrives to get an insight into the relationship between the characteristics of lipid metabolism and pancreatic cancer. We collected samples of patients with pancreatic cancer from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Firstly, we implemented univariate regression analysis to get prognosis-related lipid metabolism genes screened and a construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network ensued. Then, contingent on our screening results, we explored the molecular subtypes mediated by lipid metabolism-related genes and the correlated TME cell infiltration. Additionally, we studied the disparately expressed genes among disparate lipid metabolism subtypes and established a scoring model of lipid metabolism-related characteristics using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. At last, we explored the relationship between the scoring model and disease prognosis, tumor stage, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy. Two subtypes, C1 and C2, were identified, and lipid metabolism-related genes were studied. The result indicated that the patients with subtype C2 have a significantly lower survival rate than that of the patients with subtype C1, and we found difference in abundance of different immune-infiltrating cells. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed the association of these differentially expressed genes with functions and pathways related to lipid metabolism. Finally, we established a scoring model of lipid metabolism-related characteristics based on the disparately expressed genes. The results show that our scoring model have a substantial effect on forecasting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. The lipid metabolism model is an important biomarker of pancreatic cancer. Using the model, the relationship between disease prognosis, molecular subtypes, TME cell infiltration characteristics, and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiang Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Cao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoze Jia
- Internet of Things Engineering, College of Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Deng
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang L, Liu Y, Liu M, Zheng Y, Chen L, Shan F, Ji J, Cao Y, Kai H, Kang X. REG3A promotes proliferation and DDP resistance of ovarian cancer cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:85-96. [PMID: 37665173 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of Regenerating Islet-Derived 3-Alpha (REG3A) on ovarian cancer (OC) progression. REG3A expression was scrutinized in clinical tissues of 97 OC cases by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). REG3A expression in OC cells and cisplatin (DDP) resistance OC cells was regulated by transfection. LY294002 (10 μM, inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway) was used to treat OC cells and DDP resistance OC cells. Cell counting kit-8 and methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assays were applied for proliferation and DDP resistance detection. Flow cytometry was utilized for cell cycle and apoptosis analysis. The effect of REG3A on the OC cell in vivo growth was researched by establishing xenograft tumor model via using nude mice using nude mice. The expression of genes in clinical samples, cells and xenograft tumor tissues was investigated by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. As a result, REG3A was over-expressed in OC patients and cells, associating with dismal prognosis of patients. REG3A knockdown repressed proliferation, DDP resistance, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of OC cells, and reduced the expression MDR-1, Cyclin D1, Cleaved caspase 3 proteins and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activity in OC cells. LY294002 treatment abrogated the promotion effect of REG3A on OC cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition and DDP resistance. REG3A knockdown suppressed the in vivo growth of OC cells. Thus, REG3A promoted proliferation and DDP resistance of OC cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. REG3A might be a promising target for the clinical treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinglei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Manhua Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanli Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinlong Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haili Kai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyi Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Yu L, Zhou Y, Sun S, Wang R, Yu W, Xiao H, Yu Z, Luo C. Tumor-suppressive effect of Reg3A in COAD is mediated by T cell activation in nude mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115922. [PMID: 38011786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerating family protein 3 A (Reg3A) is highly expressed in a variety of organs and inflammatory tissues, and is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, clinical statistics show that high expression of Reg3A is associated with better prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, suggesting a tumor-suppressive effect. The precise action and underlying mechanism of Reg3A in CRC remain controversial. The present study sought to investigate the relationship among Reg3A expression, CRC development, and immune cell alteration in patients using the TCGA, GEPIA, PrognoScan, TIMER and TISIDB databases. Reg3A-overexpressing LoVo cell line (LoVo-Reg3A), a representative of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), was constructed and the action of Reg3A was assessed in a xenograft nude mouse model. Our bioinformatical analyses revealed that Reg3A upregulation is highly associated with CRC, along with increased frequency of immune cell infiltration. In the xenograft nude mice, Reg3A overexpression offered a tumor-suppressive effect by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The result of RNA-seq suggested a positive regulation of leukocytes and an upregulation of T cells in LoVo-Reg3A tumor tissue. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumors, splenic Reg3A-reactive IFN-γ+/CD4+ T cells, and serum TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 were significantly increased by Reg3A overexpression. In the ex vivo co-culture experiment, elevated cytotoxic effect, increased proportion of CD3ε+ T cells, and upregulated expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 were detected in the PBMCs isolated from LoVo-Reg3A cell-xenografted nude mice. In conclusion, high expression of Reg3A could activate and recruit T cells in COAD leading to the cytotoxic tumor-suppressive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihan Zhou
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaozheng Sun
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Runlin Wang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihong Yu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Xiao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuxi Yu
- Department of critical care medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chen Luo
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Shin KC. A Novel Metabolic Detour for Pancreatic Cancer Survival. Mol Cells 2023; 46:345-347. [PMID: 37288483 PMCID: PMC10258460 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Cheul Shin
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Park H, Shin JA, Lim J, Lee S, Ahn JH, Kang JL, Choi YH. Increased Caveolin-2 Expression in Brain Endothelial Cells Promotes Age-Related Neuroinflammation. Mol Cells 2022; 45:950-962. [PMID: 36572563 PMCID: PMC9794556 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for common neurodegenerative diseases. Although multiple molecular, cellular, structural, and functional changes occur in the brain during aging, the involvement of caveolin-2 (Cav-2) in brain ageing remains unknown. We investigated Cav-2 expression in brains of aged mice and its effects on endothelial cells. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed decreased THP-1 adhesion and infiltration when treated with Cav-2 siRNA compared to control siRNA. In contrast, Cav-2 overexpression increased THP-1 adhesion and infiltration in HUVECs. Increased expression of Cav-2 and iba-1 was observed in brains of old mice. Moreover, there were fewer iba-1-positive cells in the brains of aged Cav-2 knockout (KO) mice than of wild-type aged mice. The levels of several chemokines were higher in brains of aged wild-type mice than in young wild-type mice; moreover, chemokine levels were significantly lower in brains of young mice as well as aged Cav-2 KO mice than in their wild-type counterparts. Expression of PECAM1 and VE-cadherin proteins increased in brains of old wild-type mice but was barely detected in brains of young wild-type and Cav-2 KO mice. Collectively, our results suggest that Cav-2 expression increases in the endothelial cells of aged brain, and promotes leukocyte infiltration and age-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Park
- Department of Physiology, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Jung A Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lim
- Department of Physiology, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Seulgi Lee
- Department of Physiology, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyuck Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, Seoul 07804, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, Seoul 07804, Korea
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Crosstalk between mucosal microbiota, host gene expression, and sociomedical factors in the progression of colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13447. [PMID: 35927305 PMCID: PMC9352898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various omics-based biomarkers related to the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been identified. In this study, we attempted to identify gut microbiome-based biomarkers and detect their association with host gene expression in the initiation and progression of CRC by integrating analysis of the gut mucosal metagenome, RNA sequencing, and sociomedical factors. We performed metagenome and RNA sequencing on colonic mucosa samples from 13 patients with advanced CRC (ACRC), 10 patients with high-risk adenoma (HRA), and 7 normal control (NC) individuals. All participants completed a questionnaire on sociomedical factors. The interaction and correlation between changes in the microbiome and gene expression were assessed using bioinformatic analysis. When comparing HRA and NC samples, which can be considered to represent the process of tumor initiation, 28 genes and five microbiome species were analyzed with correlation plots. When comparing ACRC and HRA samples, which can be considered to represent the progression of CRC, seven bacterial species and 21 genes were analyzed. When comparing ACRC and NC samples, 16 genes and five bacterial species were analyzed, and four correlation plots were generated. A network visualizing the relationship between bacterial and host gene expression in the initiation and progression of CRC indicated that Clostridium spiroforme and Tyzzerella nexilis were hub bacteria in the development and progression of CRC. Our study revealed the interactions of and correlation between the colonic mucosal microbiome and host gene expression to identify potential roles of the microbiome in the initiation and progression of CRC. Our results provide gut microbiome-based biomarkers that may be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in patients with CRC.
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Ni L. Advances in Human Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy Against Gastrointestinal Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887189. [PMID: 35619702 PMCID: PMC9127253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), the strongest antigen-presenting cells, are a focus for orchestrating the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic scientific investigations elucidating the cellular biology of the DCs have resulted in new strategies in this fight, including cancer vaccinology, combination therapy, and adoptive cellular therapy. Although immunotherapy is currently becoming an unprecedented bench-to-bedside success, the overall response rate to the current immunotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is pretty low. Here, we have carried out a literature search of the studies of DCs in the treatment of GI cancer patients. We provide the advances in DC-based immunotherapy and highlight the clinical trials that indicate the therapeutic efficacies and toxicities related with each vaccine. Moreover, we also offer the yet-to-be-addressed questions about DC-based immunotherapy. This study focuses predominantly on the data derived from human studies to help understand the involvement of DCs in patients with GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ni
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Hung YH, Chen LT, Hung WC. The Trinity: Interplay among Cancer Cells, Fibroblasts, and Immune Cells in Pancreatic Cancer and Implication of CD8 + T Cell-Orientated Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040926. [PMID: 35453676 PMCID: PMC9026398 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment in tumors is complicated and is constituted by different cell types and stromal proteins. Among the cell types, the abundance of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells is high and these cells work as the “Trinity” in promoting tumorigenesis. Although unidirectional or bidirectional crosstalk between two independent cell types has been well characterized, the multi-directional interplays between cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells in vitro and in vivo are still unclear. We summarize recent studies in addressing the interaction of the “Trinity” members in the tumor microenvironment and propose a functional network for how these members communicate with each other. In addition, we discuss the underlying mechanisms mediating the interplay. Moreover, correlations of the alterations in the distribution and functionality of cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells under different circumstances are reviewed. Finally, we point out the future application of CD8+ T cell-oriented therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-T.C.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (L.-T.C.); (W.-C.H.)
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