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Austin L, Dos Santos QM, Avenant-Oldewage A. Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability? Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2023; 70. [PMID: 36645055 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2023.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two species of Spinitectus Fourment, 1884 have been recorded from southern Africa, namely Spinitectus polli Campana-Rouget, 1961 and Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993, both from the Limpopo River system. Spinitectus petterae was described from North African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), whereas S. polli infects squeakers, Synodontis spp. During parasitological surveys in the Vaal River system (Orange River catchment), Spinitectus specimens were collected from C. gariepinus. These systems are adjacent but not connected. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the specimens collected using morphological and molecular techniques. The morphological study included light and scanning electron microscopy of whole specimens and excised spicules. Specimens were genetically characterised using 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and cox1 mtDNA. Additionally, immature specimens of S. petterae were collected near the type locality. Morphological characteristics were most similar to S. petterae from C. gariepinus, whereas genetic data were dissimilar to all available data for the genus. Additional morphological characteristics noted for S. petterae in the present study were the details of the left and right spicule structure and the porous structures on the pseudolabia. Specimens from the Vaal River system differed from those originally described as S. petterae by additional spines posterior to the third ring, lacking caudal alae and variable total body and male oesophagus length. Based on 18S rDNA, haplotypes from the type locality varied only slightly from the study material, supporting the morphological identification. However, 28S rDNA and, more conspicuously, cox1 mtDNA displayed substantial variation between specimens from these localities, which needs further investigation. Haplotypes generated in the present study were highly dissimilar to those characterised for S. petterae from Tanzania and Egypt. Nevertheless, the nematodes collected from C. gariepinus in the Vaal River system are considered S. petterae. This study expands the geographical distribution and adds additional morphological and genetic information for S. petterae, contributing to the limited knowledge of African species of Spinitectus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Austin
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Svitin R, Bullard S, Dutton H, Netherlands E, Syrota Y, Verneau O, du Preez L. Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) bumpi n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) Parasitising West African Lungfish Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839) (Lepidosireniformes: Protopteridae) in Mozambique and Its Phylogenetic Position Within Capillariid Nematodes. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1204-1211. [PMID: 33866477 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) bumpi n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) is described from specimens infecting the digestive tract of the West African lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen) (Lepidosireniformes: Protopteridae). METHODS Nematodes were collected in Karingani Game Reserve, Southern Mozambique and studied using light microscopy; obtained sequences of the 18S ribosomal (18S rRNA) gene used for phylogenetic studies. RESULTS The new species is assigned to Pseudocapillaria Freitas, 1959 by having a stichosome consisting of a single row of stichocytes and ventrolateral lobes on the male tail as well as by lacking spines on the specular sheath, caudal alae, a membranous caudal bursa, and a lateral expansion of the caudal end. It is also assigned to the sub-genus Ichthyocapillaria Moravec, 1982 by having a membrane between the ventrolateral lobes and by lacking a vulvar appendage. Pseudocapillaria (I.) bumpi n. sp. differs from its nominal congeners by having a comparatively large body size with relatively long spicule, bearing the thin membrane non-extending further than ventrolateral lobes in males and relatively smaller eggs without protruding polar plugs. It is the 20th species of the genus, the first from the Afrotropical Realm, and the first from any lungfish species. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that P. (I.) bumpi is deeply nested in a clade that associates species of the genera Pearsonema, Aonchotheca and Baruscapillaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svitin
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 15 Bogdan Khmelnytskyi Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine.
| | - Stephen Bullard
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Haley Dutton
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Edward Netherlands
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Yaroslav Syrota
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 15 Bogdan Khmelnytskyi Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
| | - Olivier Verneau
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Louis du Preez
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Molecular Diversity of Nematode Parasites in Afrotropical Reed Frogs (Hyperolius spp.). DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12070265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of nematodes infecting amphibians is understudied in tropical Africa and unknown in Rwanda. Diversity assessment is hampered by the fact that species descriptions refer mostly to morphological features that are unlinked to DNA sequences of marker genes available in public databases. In this paper, we explore the abundance and diversity of parasitic nematodes in reed frogs Hyperolius kivuensis (n = 115), H. parallelus (n = 45) and H. viridiflavus (n = 100) collected in Rwanda. Five nematode species were identified morphologically as Orneoascaris chrysanthemoides, O. schoutedeni, Gendria leberrei, Aplectana chamaeleonis and Rhabdias collaris. Corresponding DNA sequences of 18S and COI genes were determined and subsequently deposited in GenBank. Aplectana chamaeleonis showed the highest prevalence (8.7%), but O. chrysanthemoides the highest mean intensity of infection (6.0) and largest number (24) of individuals in H. kivuensis. To the best of our knowledge, all amphibian hosts are new records for these nematode species, which are known to infect a wide range of amphibian and reptile species. Our findings suggest that nematode diversity is probably lower than previously assumed due to low host specificity. As morphological species identification is often challenging, our data facilitate molecular identification of adult and specifically larval nematodes found in amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Rindoria NM, Dos Santos QM, Avenant-Oldewage A. Additional Morphological Features and Molecular Data of Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (Nematoda: Camallanidae) Infecting Clarias gariepinus (Actinopterygii: Clariidae) in Kenya. J Parasitol 2020. [DOI: 10.1645/19-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nehemiah Mogoi Rindoria
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Quinton Marco Dos Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annemariè Avenant-Oldewage
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Morphological Characterization of Dujardinascaris Spp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the Striped Red Mullet Mullus Surmuletus in the Mediterranean Sea. Helminthologia 2019; 56:338-346. [PMID: 31708676 PMCID: PMC6818628 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2019-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The striped red mullet Mullus surmuletus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Perciformis: Mullidae) has a high commercial value and therewithal is a common demersal fish of the Mediterranean Sea, therefore studying the helminth parasites of this fish is required. Anisakids nematodes are common parasites of animals including human causing economic losses and different parasitic diseases. During the present study, the nematode Dujardinascaris spp. (Anisakidae) was described from the body cavity and small intestine of Mullus surmuletus in the Alexandria, Mediterranean Sea, Egypt as new host and new geographical record. Forty-five (37.5%) fish out of (120) were found infected by the parasite. The morphological features of the collected nematode were investigated by both light and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed that the specimens were characterized from other species of the genus by the presence of two large lateral pouches attached to each cephalic lip, the different large-sized papillae on the cephalic region and on the dorsal surface of the nematode cuticle.
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Svitin R, Truter M, Kudlai O, Smit NJ, du Preez L. Novel information on the morphology, phylogeny and distribution of camallanid nematodes from marine and freshwater hosts in South Africa, including the description of Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2019; 10:263-273. [PMID: 31692735 PMCID: PMC6806417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Four species of previously known nematodes from the family Camallanidae were found from different hosts in South Africa: Batrachocamallanus xenopodis from the frog Xenopus muelleri, Paracamallanus cyathopharynx and Procamallanus pseudolaeviconchus from the catfish Clarias gariepinus and Spirocamallanus daleneae from the catfish Synodontis zambezensis. In the material collected from various marine fishes, several specimens of nematodes from the genus Camallanus clearly differed from all previously known species. Based on morphological differences these specimens are assigned to a new species, C. sodwanaensis. Molecular data of 18S and 28S rDNA and COI sequences are provided for the collected species and a phylogenetic analyses based on 28S gene fragmets are presented. Five species of Camallanidae nematodes found from different hosts in South Africa. Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp. is the first species from marine fish in Southern Africa. Molecular data of 18S and 28SrDNA and COI sequences provided for found species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 28S gene fragmets is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svitin
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.,Department of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics, I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, 15 B. Khmelnytskogo str., 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marliese Truter
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,DST/NRF Research Chair in Inland Fisheries and Freshwater Ecology, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Olena Kudlai
- Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, 08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Louis du Preez
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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