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Malekshahi M, Meskar Z, Manavi MA, Lesani A, Mohammad Jafari R, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Anticonvulsant effects of noscapine against status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine in rats: involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NLRP3 pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2025:10.1007/s00210-025-04096-w. [PMID: 40285834 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-025-04096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of noscapine in mitigating lithium-pilocarpine-induced Status epilepticus (SE) in rats and explores its impact on Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 signaling pathways, along with IL-1β and IL-18 modulation. SE was induced in male rats using lithium (127 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) and pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p.). Noscapine (0.1, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or its vehicle was administered 30 min before the SE induction. Seizure activity was monitored, and the effective dose of noscapine was identified. Western blotting was performed to analyze the expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NLRP3, while ELISA was used to measure IL-1β and IL-18 levels, all in the hippocampus, which is critically involved in epilepsy pathophysiology. Noscapine at 30 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.01) reduced seizure severity and duration. Molecular analysis revealed that noscapine modulated the Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 pathway and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 (p < 0.01). Noscapine exhibits potent anticonvulsive effects in a lithium-pilocarpine model of SE in rats, likely mediated through modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. Further studies are warranted to explore its therapeutic potential in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahda Malekshahi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, TUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Meskar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, TUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Manavi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, TUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Lesani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, TUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, TUMS, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, 01803, MA, USA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P. O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, TUMS, Tehran, Iran.
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Zeng ML, Xu W. A Narrative Review of the Published Pre-Clinical Evaluations: Multiple Effects of Arachidonic Acid, its Metabolic Enzymes and Metabolites in Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2025; 62:288-303. [PMID: 38842673 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA), an important polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain, is hydrolyzed by a direct action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) or through the combined action of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase, and released into the cytoplasm. Various derivatives of AA can be synthesized mainly through the cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme pathways. AA and its metabolic enzymes and metabolites play important roles in a variety of neurophysiological activities. The abnormal metabolites and their catalytic enzymes in the AA cascade are related to the pathogenesis of various central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including epilepsy. Here, we systematically reviewed literatures in PubMed about the latest randomized controlled trials, animal studies and clinical studies concerning the known features of AA, its metabolic enzymes and metabolites, and their roles in epilepsy. The exclusion criteria include non-original studies and articles not in English.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Liu Zeng
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Manavi MA, Toutounchian S, Afsahi S, Ebrahim Soltani Z, Mohammad Jafari R, Dehpour AR. Ivermectin Exerts Anticonvulsant Effects Against Status Epilepticus Induced by Lithium-Pilocarpine in Rats via GABA A Receptor and Neuroinflammation Modulation: Possible Interaction of Opioidergic Pathways and K ATP Channel with Nitrergic System. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7627-7638. [PMID: 38421468 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a critical medical emergency marked by persistent or rapidly repeating seizures, posing a threat to life. Using the lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE model, we decide to evaluate the anti-seizure effects of ivermectin as a positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptor and the underlying mechanisms involved. Lithium chloride was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 127 mg/kg, followed by the administration of pilocarpine at a dose of 60 mg/kg after a 20-h interval in order to induce SE. Subsequently, the rats received varying amounts of ivermectin (0.3, 1, 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before the onset of SE. To study the underlying molecular mechanisms, we had pharmacological interventions of diazepam (1 mg/kg), glibenclamide and nicorandil as ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker and opener (both 1 mg/kg, i.p.), naltrexone and morphine, as opioid receptor antagonist and agonist (1 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, i.p., respectively). In addition, three nitric oxide inhibitors, namely, L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.), 7-NI (30 mg/kg, i.p.), and aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), were administered to the rats in the experiment. Finally, we use ELISA and western blotting, respectively, to examine the amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), nitrite, and GABAA receptors in the rat hippocampal tissue. The study found that ivermectin, at doses of 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg, exerts anti-seizure effects and decrease Racine's scale SE score. Interestingly glibenclamide and naltrexone reduced the anti-seizure effects of ivermectin, and from other hand diazepam, nicorandil, morphine, L-NAME, 7-NI, and aminoguanidine, enhance the effects when co-administrated with subeffective dose of ivermectin. Additionally, the study found that ivermectin decreased the elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β following SE, while increased the reduced expression of GABAA receptors. Overall, these findings suggest that ivermectin has anti-seizure effects in a SE seizure which may be mediated by the modulation of GABAergic, opioidergic, and nitrergic pathways and KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Manavi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Toutounchian
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Afsahi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahim Soltani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Taskiran M, Taşdemir A. An involvement of COX and 5-LOX pathways in the penicillin- and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy models. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:85-93. [PMID: 35923080 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between epilepsy and COX/5-LOX inflammation pathways in the penicillin and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epilepsy models. For this purpose, 42 albino male Wistar rats were used in this study. In the penicillin and PTZ-induced epilepsy models, epileptiform activity was induced by injection of penicillin (500 IU, i.c.) and PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p., three times a week), respectively. Licofelone (20 mg/kg, i.p.), a dual inhibitor of COX/5-LOX, and esculetin (20 mg/kg, i.p.), a 5-LOX inhibitor, were given. In the penicillin-induced epilepsy model, ECoG activity was recorded for 180 min. In the PTZ-induced epilepsy model, both ECoG activity was recorded, and behavioral parameters were performed. In the penicillin groups, both licofelone and esculetin decreased the mean spike frequency and amplitude during the experiments. In the PTZ groups, licofelone (20 mg/kg, i.p.) was more effective than esculetin (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Licofelone showed its protective effects both in ECoG activity and in behavioral parameters. Esculetin was less effective when compared to licofelone. The electrophysiological and behavioral data from the present study indicated that inflammation pathways might have a crucial role in controlling epileptiform activity in rats. Licofelone might be a valuable candidate in advanced studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Taskiran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Taşdemir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Koohfar A, Eslami F, Shayan M, Rahimi N, Moradi F, Golroudbari HT, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Dapsone Protects Against Lithium-Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats through Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Nitrergic Pathway. J Epilepsy Res 2022; 12:39-47. [PMID: 36685747 PMCID: PMC9830027 DOI: 10.14581/jer.22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Status epilepticus (SE) results in permanent neuronal brain damage in the central nervous system. One of the complex etiologies underlying SE pathogenesis is neuroinflammation. Dapsone has been recently considered as a potential neuroprotective agent in neuroinflammatory conditions. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate effects of dapsone on lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE in rats and assess whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) pathway participate in this effect. METHODS SE was established by injecting lithium chloride (127 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) and pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals received pre-treatment dapsone (2, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, oral gavage) and post-treatment dapsone (10 mg/kg). Subsequently, seizure score and mortality rate were documented. To assess the underlying signaling pathway, L-Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (a non-specific NO synthase [NOS] inhibitor), 7-nitroindazole (a specific neuronal NOS inhibitor), and aminoguanidine (a specific inducible NOS inhibitor) were administered 15 minutes before dapsone (10 mg/kg) pre- or post-treatment. Hippocampal tissue TNF-α and NO concentrations were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS Dapsone (10 mg/kg) pre-and post-treatment significantly attenuated the increased seizure score and mortality rate due to lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE. The development of SE in animals was associated with higher TNF-α and NO metabolites levels, which notably decreased in the dapsone-treated rats. Moreover, co-administration of NOS inhibitors with dapsone markedly reversed the anti-epileptic effects of dapsone and caused an escalation in TNF-α level but a significant reduction in NO concentration level. CONCLUSIONS It seems that dapsone may exert an anti-epileptic effect on lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE through TNF-α inhibition and modulation of the nitrergic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Koohfar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Faezeh Eslami
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,
USA
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Farid Moradi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Hasti Tashak Golroudbari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA,
USA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
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Moradi F, Eslami F, Rahimi N, Koohfar A, Shayan M, Maadani M, Ghasemi M, Dehpour AR. Modafinil exerts anticonvulsive effects against lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats: A role for tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide signaling. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 130:108649. [PMID: 35344809 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Status epilepticus (SE) is a continuous episode of seizures which leads to hippocampal neurodegeneration, severe systemic inflammation, and extreme damage to the brain. Modafinil, a psychostimulant and wake-promoting agent, has exerted neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in previous preclinical studies. The aim of this study was to assess effects of modafinil on the lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE rat model and to explore possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) pathways in this regard. METHODS Status epilepticus was provoked by injection of lithium chloride (127 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p]) and pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. Animals received different modafinil doses (50, 75, 100, and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) and SE scores were documented over 3 hours of duration. Moreover, the role of the nitrergic pathway in the effects of modafinil was evaluated by injection of the non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg, i.p.), the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (30 mg/kg, i.p.), and the selective inducible NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before saline/vehicle or modafinil. The ELISA method was used to quantify TNF-α and NO metabolite levels in the isolated hippocampus. RESULTS Modafinil at 100 mg/kg significantly decreased SE scores (P < 0.01). Pre-treatment with L-NAME, 7-nitroindazole, and aminoguanidine significantly reversed the anticonvulsive effects of modafinil. Status epilepticus-induced animals showed significantly higher NO metabolite and TNF-α levels in their hippocampal tissues, an effect that was reversed by modafinil (100 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment. Administration of NOS inhibitors resulted in excessive NO level reduction but an escalation of TNF-α level in modafinil-treated SE-animals. CONCLUSION Our study revealed anticonvulsive effects of modafinil in the lithium-pilocarpine-induced SE rat model via possible involvement of TNF-α and nitrergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Moradi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Eslami
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Koohfar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Maadani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Razavi SM, Khayatan D, Arab ZN, Momtaz S, Zare K, Jafari RM, Dehpour AR, Abdolghaffari AH. Licofelone, a potent COX/5-LOX inhibitor and a novel option for treatment of neurological disorders. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 157:106587. [PMID: 34517113 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders result in disability and morbidity. Neuroinflammation is a key factor involved in progression or resolution of a series of neurological disorders like Huntington disease (HD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), and Seizure. Thereby, anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed to improve the neurodegenerative impairments. Licofelone is an approved osteoarthritis drug that inhibits both the COX (cyclooxygenase) and 5-LOX (lipoxygenase) pathways. Licofelone has pain-relieving and anti-inflammatory effects and it was shown to have neuroprotective properties in the central nervous system, which is implicated in its regulatory effect on the COX/5-LOX pathway, inflammatory cytokines, and immune responses. In this study, we briefly review the various features of neurological disorders and the function of COX/LOX in their flare up and current pharmacological products for their management. Moreover, this review attempts to summarize potential therapeutics that target the immune responses within the central nervous system. A better understanding of the interactions between Licofelone and the nervous systems will be crucial to demonstrate the possible efficacy of Licofelone in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehrad Razavi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Najafi Arab
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Zare
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Harb IA, Ashour H, Mostafa A, El Hanbuli HM, Nadwa EH. Cardioprotective effects of amiodarone in a rat model of epilepsy-induced cardiac dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:406-418. [PMID: 34796981 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is one of the leading causes of death in epilepsy. The anti-arrhythmic drug, amiodarone, is under investigation for its therapeutic effects in epilepsy. We aimed to evaluate the possible effects of amiodarone on cardiac injury during status epilepticus, as it can cause prolongation of the QT interval. Five rat groups were enrolled in the study; three control groups (1) Control, (2) Control-lithium and (3) Control-Amio, treated with 150 mg/kg/intraperitoneal amiodarone, (4) Epilepsy model, induced by sequential lithium/pilocarpine administration, and (5) the epilepsy-Amio group. The model group expressed a typical clinical picture of epileptiform activity confirmed by the augmented electroencephalogram alpha and beta spikes. The anticonvulsive effect of amiodarone was prominent, it diminished (p < 0.001) the severity of seizures and hence, deaths and reduced serum noradrenaline levels. In the model group, the electrocardiogram findings revealed tachycardia, prolongation of the corrected QT (QTc) interval, depressed ST segments and increased myocardial oxidative stress. The in-vitro myocardial performance (contraction force and - (df/dt)max ) was also reduced. Amiodarone decreased (p < 0.001) the heart rate, improved ST segment depression, and myocardial contractility with no significant change in the duration of the QTc interval. Amiodarone preserved the cardiac histological structure and reduced the myocardial injury markers represented by serum Troponin-I, oxidative stress and IL-1. Amiodarone pretreatment prevented the anticipated cardiac injury induced during epilepsy. Amiodarone possessed an anticonvulsive potential, protected the cardiac muscle and preserved its histological architecture. Therefore, amiodarone could be recommended as a protective therapy against cardiac dysfunction during epileptic seizures with favourable effect on seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas A Harb
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Mostafa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M El Hanbuli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Faium University, Faium, Egypt
| | - Eman Hassan Nadwa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Gholizadeh R, Abdolmaleki Z, Bahremand T, Ghasemi M, Gharghabi M, Dehpour AR. Involvement of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors in the Anticonvulsive Effects of Licofelone on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Clonic Seizure in Mice. J Epilepsy Res 2021; 11:14-21. [PMID: 34395219 PMCID: PMC8357553 DOI: 10.14581/jer.21003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Licofelone is a dual 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with well-documented anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which is used for treatment of osteoarthritis. Recent preclinical studies have also suggested neuroprotective and anti-oxidative properties of this drug in some neurological conditions such as seizure and epilepsy. We have recently demonstrated a role for nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the anti-epileptic activity of licofelone in two seizure models in rodents. Given the important role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activation in the NO production and its function in the nervous system, in the present study, we further investigated the involvement of NMDAR in the effects of licofelone (1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) in an in vivo model of seizure in mice. METHODS Clonic seizures were induced in male NMRI mice by intravenous administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). RESULTS Acute administration of licofelone exerted anticonvulsant effects at 10 (p<0.01) and 20 mg/kg (p<0.001). A combined treatment with sub-effective doses of the selective NMDAR antagonist MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) and licofelone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p<0.001) exerted an anticonvulsant effect on the PTZ-induced clonic seizures in mice. Notably, pre-treatment with the NMDAR co-agonist D-serine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) partially hindered the anticonvulsant effects of licofelone (20 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a possible role for the NMDAR in the anticonvulsant effects of licofelone on the clonic seizures induced by PTZ in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramtin Gholizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zohreh Abdolmaleki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Taraneh Bahremand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mehdi Gharghabi
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Goldman SM, Janakiram NB, Valerio MS, Dearth CL. Evaluation of licofelone as an adjunct anti-inflammatory therapy to biologic scaffolds in the treatment of volumetric muscle loss. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:149-159. [PMID: 33852076 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biologic scaffolds (BS) are the most widely studied therapeutics for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML) owing to their purported effects on cell proliferation, chemotaxis, migration, and differentiation. Despite these claims, variability in reports on the nature of the immune response to their implantation suggests that BS-associated inflammation may be limiting their regenerative efficacy. To address this shortcoming, this study sought to evaluate licofelone (ML3000), a dual 5-LOX/COX inhibitor, as an anti-inflammatory adjunct therapy to a BS in the treatment of VML. Utilizing a well-established rat VML model, a micronized BS was used to treat the VML injury, with or without administration of licofelone. Functional, molecular, and histological outcomes were assessed at both 7- and 28-day post-injury time points. While the BS + licofelone group exhibited decreased transcription of pro-inflammatory markers (Tnf, Ccl5, Nos2) relative to the BS only control group, no differences in expression profile of a panel of inflammatory-related soluble factors were observed between groups. A modest reduction in type I collagen was observed in the licofelone-treated group, but no meaningful differences in histologic presentation of repaired tissue were observed between groups. Furthermore, no differences in end organ functional capacity were observed between groups. Moving forward, efforts related to modulating the wound healing environment of VML should focus on polypharmaceutical strategies that target multiple aspects of the early pathophysiology of VML so as to provide an environment that is sufficiently permissive for local regenerative therapies to promote restoration of myofiber number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Goldman
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naveena Basa Janakiram
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Valerio
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher L Dearth
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Seizure-Induced Oxidative Stress in Status Epilepticus: Is Antioxidant Beneficial? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111029. [PMID: 33105652 PMCID: PMC7690410 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder which affects patients physically and mentally and causes a real burden for the patient, family and society both medically and economically. Currently, more than one-third of epilepsy patients are still under unsatisfied control, even with new anticonvulsants. Other measures may be added to those with drug-resistant epilepsy. Excessive neuronal synchronization is the hallmark of epileptic activity and prolonged epileptic discharges such as in status epilepticus can lead to various cellular events and result in neuronal damage or death. Unbalanced oxidative status is one of the early cellular events and a critical factor to determine the fate of neurons in epilepsy. To counteract excessive oxidative damage through exogenous antioxidant supplements or induction of endogenous antioxidative capability may be a reasonable approach for current anticonvulsant therapy. In this article, we will introduce the critical roles of oxidative stress and further discuss the potential use of antioxidants in this devastating disease.
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12
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Eslami F, Rahimi N, Ostovaneh A, Ghasemi M, Dejban P, Abbasi A, Dehpour AR. Sumatriptan reduces severity of status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine through nitrergic transmission and 5-HT 1B/D receptors in rats: A pharmacological-based evidence. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:131-140. [PMID: 32662118 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurologic disorder that can be as both cause and consequence of neuroinflammation. In addition to previous reports on anti-inflammatory property of the anti-migraine medication sumatriptan, we have recently shown its anticonvulsive effects on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice. In the present study, we investigated further (i) the effects of sumatriptan in the lithium-pilocarpine SE model in rats, and (ii) the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO), 5-hydroxytryptamin 1B/1D (5-HT1B/1D ) receptor, and inflammatory pathways in such effects of sumatriptan. Status epilepticus was induced by lithium chloride (127 mg/kg, i.p) and pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p.) in Wistar rats. While SE induction increased SE scores and mortality rate, sumatriptan (0.001-1 mg/kg, i.p.) improved it (P < 0.001). Administration of the selective 5-HT1B/1D antagonist GR-127935 (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the anticonvulsive effects of sumatriptan (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.). Although both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and NO levels were markedly elevated in the rats' brain tissues post-SE induction, pre-treatment with sumatriptan significantly reduced both TNF-α (P < 0.05) and NO (P < 0.001) levels. Combined GR-127935 and sumatriptan treatment inhibited these anti-inflammatory effects of sumatriptan, whereas combined non-specific NOS (L-NAME) or selective neuronal NOS (7-nitroindazole) inhibitors and sumatriptan further reduced NO levels. In conclusion, sumatriptan exerted a protective effect against the clinical manifestations and mortality rate of SE in rats which is possibly through targeting 5-HT1B/1D receptors, neuroinflammation, and nitrergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Eslami
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Aysa Ostovaneh
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Pegah Dejban
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
| | - Ata Abbasi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Street, Tehran, 14155-6559, Iran
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Rasooli R, Pirsalami F, Moezi L. Posible involvement of nitric oxide in anticonvulsant effects of citicoline on pentylenetetrazole and electroshock induced seizures in mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03932. [PMID: 32462085 PMCID: PMC7240119 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebroneurovascular trauma is recognized as an important risk factor in the development of seizure and epilepsy. Administration of citicoline in these situations is a conventional therapeutic strategy, which combines neurovascular protection and repair effects. The aim of the present study is clarifying the effect of acute and sub-chronic citicoline administration on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and electroshock induced seizures in mice. Besides we examined the probable role of NO and its interaction with citicoline in seizure experiments. Male mice were received acute and sub-chronic regimens of different doses of citicoline (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) before the intravenous or intraperitoneal PTZ-induced seizures or electroshock. To clarify the probable role of NO, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (60 mg/kg) or aminoguanidine (AG) (100 mg/kg) were injected 5 min before citicoline in separate groups. The results revealed that neither acute nor sub-chronic treatment with citicoline could affect the seizures induced by intravenous or intraperitoneal PTZ, but in electroshock model, citicoline showed anti-epileptic properties. Co-administration of citicoline and selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors amplified the anticonvulsant effect of citicoline. The current results indicated that citicoline has anticonvulsant effects probably through the inhibition of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokhsana Rasooli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatema Pirsalami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moezi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Meskinimood S, Rahimi N, Faghir-Ghanesefat H, Gholami M, Sharifzadeh M, Dehpour AR. Modulatory effect of opioid ligands on status epilepticus and the role of nitric oxide pathway. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 101:106563. [PMID: 31675604 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures. Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Morphine has been the cornerstone of pain controlling medicines for a long time. In addition to the analgesic and opioid responses, morphine has also revealed anticonvulsant effects in different epilepsy models including pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures threshold. Some authors suggest that nitric oxide (NO) pathway interactions of morphine explain the reason for its pro or anticonvulsant activities. To induce SE, injection of a single dose of lithium chloride (127 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) 20 h before pilocarpine (60 mg/kg, i.p.) was used. Administration of morphine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the SE and decreased the mortality in rats when injected 30 min before pilocarpine. On the other hand, injection of L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nonselective NO synthase (NOS) blocker; 10 mg/kg, i.p.), 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, a neuronal NOS (nNOS) blocker; 30 mg/kg, i.p.), and aminoguanidine (AG, an inducible NOS (iNOS) blocker; 50 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min before morphine, significantly reversed inhibitory effect of morphine on SE. Subsequently, measurement of nitrite metabolite levels in the hippocampus of SE-induced rats displayed high levels of nitrite metabolite for the control group. However, after injection of morphine in SE-induced rats, nitrite metabolite levels reduced. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that NO pathway (both nNOS and iNOS) interactions are involved in the anticonvulsant effects of morphine on the SE signs and mortality rate induced by lithium-pilocarpine in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Meskinimood
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Faghir-Ghanesefat
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholami
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kalita J, Misra UK, Singh LS, Tiwari A. Oxidative stress in status epilepticus: A clinical-radiological correlation. Brain Res 2019; 1704:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroinflammation has a critical role in brain disorders. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is one of the principal drug targets for the reduction of neuroinflammation; however, studies have yielded mixed results for COX-inhibitors in the treatment of diverse acute and chronic models of epilepsy. AREAS COVERED The article covers the effects of COX-inhibitors in epilepsy disorders. A considerable emphasis has been placed on the antiepileptic and 'disease-modifying' properties of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors in various preclinical epilepsy models. EXPERT OPINION The effect of COX-inhibitors on epilepsy is inconclusive. Studies have indicated beneficial effects in preclinical models; however, proconvulsant or no effects have also been observed. These molecules may have a bidirectional role with early neuroprotective and delayed neurotoxic effects. Further systematic preclinical studies to establish the use of COX-inhibitors in epilepsy are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Dhir
- a Department of Neurology, School of Medicine , University of California, Davis , Sacramento , CA , USA
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Daanaa S, Abotsi WKM, Boakye-Gyasi E, Woode E. Anticonvulsant effect of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson in murine models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:384-394. [PMID: 29183747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psydrax subcordata (DC.) Bridson is a tropical medicinal plant used traditionally for the management of epilepsy. However, there is little scientific evidence to support its use. AIM OF STUDY The current study investigated the anticonvulsant properties of the hydroethanolic leaf extract of Psydrax subcordata (PSE) in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anticonvulsant effects were evaluated in mouse models of acute seizures (pentylenetetrazole-, picrotoxin-, 4-aminopyridine-, strychnine- and maximal electroshock-induced seizure tests) and status epilepticus (Lithium/pilocarpine-induced SE). The role of GABAergic mechanisms in the actions of the extract was also examined by pre-treatment of animals with flumazenil in the pentylenetetrazole test. RESULTS The extract (30, 100 and 300mg/kg, p.o.) significantly delayed the onset and decreased the duration and frequency of pentylenetetrazole- and picrotoxin-convulsions. PSE also reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extensions in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure test. Furthermore, PSE pre-treatment significantly delayed the onset of seizures and improved survival in the 4-aminopyridine-induced seizure test. In the strychnine-induced seizure test, PSE treatment did not significantly affect the latency to convulsions and time until death when compared to controls. PSE exhibited anticonvulsant effects in the lithium/pilocarpine test by delaying the onset of seizures and status epilepticus as well as reducing the severity of seizures and mortality of mice. Again, the anticonvulsant effect of PSE (100mg/kg, p.o.) was blocked by pre-treatment with flumazenil in the PTZ test. CONCLUSION PSE has anticonvulsant activity in animal models, and this effect may be mediated, at least partly, through GABAergic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Daanaa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Wonder Kofi Mensah Abotsi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Eric Woode
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Eslami SM, Ghasemi M, Bahremand T, Momeny M, Gholami M, Sharifzadeh M, Dehpour AR. Involvement of nitrergic system in anticonvulsant effect of zolpidem in lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus: Evaluation of iNOS and COX-2 genes expression. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:454-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wu T, Ido K, Osada Y, Kotani S, Tamaoka A, Hanada T. The neuroprotective effect of perampanel in lithium-pilocarpine rat seizure model. Epilepsy Res 2017. [PMID: 28624183 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Status epilepticus (SE) causes irreversible neurodegeneration if not terminated quickly. Perampanel (PER), a potent AMPA receptor antagonist, has previously been shown to terminate seizures in the lithium-pilocarpine SE model. In the present study, we assessed whether PER would also prevent neuronal damage in this model. METHODS SE was induced in rats using lithium chloride and pilocarpine. Initiation of SE was defined as continuous seizures that exhibited as rearing accompanied by bilateral forelimb clonus (Racine score 4). Either PER (0.6, 2, or 6mg/kg) or diazepam (DZP, 10mg/kg) was administered intravenously 30min after SE initiation. Histopathological samples from treated and seizure-naive rats were taken one week after treatment and then stained with an anti-neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antibody. The sections were analyzed by using a pixel-counting algorithm to quantify the amount of staining in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus, piriform cortex (Pir), and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD). RESULTS DZP administration did not suppress seizures or the degeneration of neurons in the examined areas. Seizures were terminated in 100% of rats treated with 6mg/kg PER (n=8) and in 47% (7/15) of rats treated with 2mg/kg PER, and neurons in the analyzed areas of these animals were preserved to the level seen in naive rats. In the eight animals in which 2mg/kg PER did not terminate the seizures, neuronal loss was partially attenuated in CA1 and Pir, and neurons were fully preserved in MD. Treatment with 0.6mg/kg PER did not terminate the seizures or significantly preserve neurons. The anti-seizure effect of PER correlated well with the degree of neuroprotection in each analyzed area. CONCLUSIONS PER exhibited a strong neuroprotective effect in a drug-refractory SE model, and this effect was correlated with its attenuation of seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan; Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Ido
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Yoshihide Osada
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Sadaharu Kotani
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hanada
- Neurology, Tsukuba Research Department, Discovery, Medicine Creation, Neurology Business Group, Eisai Co., Ltd., Japan
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