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Kerdput V, Nilbu-Nga C, Kaewnoonual N, Itharat A, Pongsawat S, Pradidarcheep W. Therapeutic efficacy of a Dioscorea membranacea extract in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma: Histopathological aspects. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:400-408. [PMID: 34522634 PMCID: PMC8427478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is most common in adults and has a high mortality rate because of a lack of effective treatment options. We investigated the effect of a medicinal plant as a potential source of drugs against HCC. The rhizomes of Dioscorea membranacea Pierre (DM), Hua-Khao-Yen in Thai, are commonly used as ingredients for alternative treatment of cancer in Thailand. In this study, the anticancer effects of DM extract in HCC-bearing rats were evaluated with respect to gross morphology, histopathology, and leakage of liver enzymes. In untreated HCCs, typical features of liver cancer, including hepatic nodules, thick-cell cords, and pseudoglandular cell arrangements, were observed. In addition, the HCCs showed abnormal reticulin patterns and a high glypican3 expression. In HCC-bearing rats treated with DM the cancer areas and reticulin expression were significantly reduced compared to the untreated group (p < 0.01). Sorafenib, the standard drug to treat HCC, reduced the cancer area further, but increased leakage of liver enzymes and decreased serum albumin concentration, indicating liver toxicity. These findings suggest that DM has an anticancer effect on HCCs in an animal model in vivo with potentially less severe side effects than sorafenib. Therefore, further studies of DM’s mechanism of action in HCC should be carried out. DM exerted a mitigating effect on histopathology and membrane damage of HCC in rats. Its effect was similar to that of the standard drug sorafenib. It reduced the volume of cancer nodules without the serious hepatotoxic side effects seen after SF treatment.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- DM, Dioscorea membranacea
- GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase
- GPC3, glypican3
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hua-Khao-Yen
- Liver cancer
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- Reticulin
- SF, sorafenib
- TAA, thioacetamide
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- Traditional medicine
- glypican3
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Affiliation(s)
- Vichununt Kerdput
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cheng Nilbu-Nga
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattpawit Kaewnoonual
- Anatomy Unit, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Suriya Pongsawat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jantararussamee C, Rodniem S, Taweechotipatr M, Showpittapornchai U, Pradidarcheep W. Hepatoprotective Effect of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:40-50. [PMID: 32468435 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing response characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix. Probiotics have been used to prevent and treat various disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, and Weissella confusa) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) TAA, (3) TAA+probiotics, (4) TAA+silymarin, and (5) probiotics. Group 1 rats received a standard diet. In groups 2-4, fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (200 mg/kg BW) 3 times weekly for 8 consecutive weeks. Group 4 received TAA plus 100 mg/kg BW of silymarin 2 times weekly. Groups 3 and 5 were fed 109 CFU/mL viable microbial cells daily by gavage. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment. Liver tissues were collected immediately and processed for histopathological, lipid peroxidation, and Western blot analyses of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and α-SMA. Blood serum was collected to measure liver enzymes. Rats in the TAA groups suffered from hepatic injury (increased serum enzyme levels, liver inflammation, and increased concentration of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and α-SMA proteins) and extensive liver fibrosis. In contrast, TAA-treated rats receiving probiotics or silymarin had significantly lower serum enzyme levels, less inflammation, and less fibrosis. Liver damage was lower in the TAA+probiotics-treated group. Consumption of a mixture of probiotic lactic acid bacteria attenuates the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittapon Jantararussamee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Siripa Rodniem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Udomsri Showpittapornchai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
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Tangphokhanon W, Pradidarcheep W, Lametschwandtner A. α-mangostin preserves hepatic microvascular architecture in fibrotic rats as shown by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:48. [PMID: 33859819 PMCID: PMC8042669 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic condition caused by wound-healing in which scar tissue replaces the liver parenchyma following repetitive injuries. It is hypothesized that α-mangostin (AM), the major constituent of the xanthone fraction in extracts of Garcinia mangostana L., may protect the hepatic microvascular bed from thioacetamide (TAA)-induced fibrosis. In the present study, rats were divided into 4 groups: Control rats received no treatment; TAA-treated rats received 150 mg/kg TAA 3 times per week intraperitoneally; AM-treated rats received 75 mg/kg AM twice per week intraperitoneally; and TAA+AM-treated rats received both TAA and AM as described above. Rat livers were processed either for light microscopy or for vascular corrosion casting after 30 and 60 days of treatment. Vascular parameters were measured by 3D morphometry analysis of scanning electron micrographs. AM attenuated hepatocellular injuries and delayed both periportal and pericentral fibrosis in the TAA-treated rats. The comparison of findings at day 30 and 60 showed that TAA-induced fibrotic changes were progressive in time, and that the beneficial effects of AM only became apparent after prolonged treatment. The livers of rats treated with both TAA and AM had less space surrounding the portal vessels, improved preservation of the hepatic microvascular pattern, and minimally altered sinusoidal patterns with few signs of terminal portal venule remodeling. AM therefore partially protected the liver against hepatotoxin-induced fibrosis and the associated microvascular changes. The mechanism of the protective effect of AM on the liver remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasan Tangphokhanon
- Center of Excellence in Veterinary Biosciences, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Alois Lametschwandtner
- Department of Biosciences, Vascular and Exercise Biology Unit, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 5020, Austria
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Tang Z, Lu L, Xia Z. Anti-Tumor Xanthones from Garcinia nujiangensis Suppress Proliferation, and Induce Apoptosis via PARP, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathways in Human Ovarian Cancers Cells. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3965-3976. [PMID: 33061301 PMCID: PMC7524179 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s258811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a serious public health concern in the world. It is important to develop novel drugs to inhibit OC. Purpose This study investigated the isolation, elucidation, efficiency, molecular docking, and pharmaceutical mechanisms of xanthones isolated from Garcinia nujiangensis. Methods Xanthones were isolated, and purified by different chromatography, including silica gel, reversed-phase silica gel (ODS-C18), and semipreparative HPLC, then identified by analysis of their spectral data. Three xanthones were estimated for their efficiency on the human OC cells HEY and ES-2. 2 was found to be the most potent cytotoxic xanthones of those tested. Further, its mechanisms of action were explored by molecular docking, cell apoptosis, and Western blotting analysis. Results Bioassay-guided fractionation of the fruits of Garcinia nujiangensis led to the separation of a new xanthone named nujiangexanthone G (1) and two known xanthones. Among these, isojacareubin (2) exhibited the most potent cytotoxic compound against the HEY and ES-2 cell lines. The analysis of Western blot suggested that 2 inhibited OC via regulating the PARP, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and ERK/MAPK signal pathways in the HEY cell lines. Conclusion In conclusion, isojacareubin (2) might be a potential drug for the treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Tang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Jin Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Lu
- Department of Neonatology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxiang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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El-Latif El-Ghazaly MA, Rashed ER, Shafey GM, Zaki HF, Attia AS. Amelioration of thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats by low-dose gamma irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:334-343. [PMID: 31786756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brain affection is a common symptom of liver insufficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the role of low-dose γ irradiation (LDR) as a potential therapeutic agent in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in rats. Effects of local and whole-body irradiation (0.5 Gy) on rat brain/liver were evaluated following the induction of HE by TAA (200 mg/kg/day/for 3 successive days). Serum activities of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) and ammonia level were assessed. The effect of HE on brain was evaluated through the determination of brain contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Moreover, apoptotic and inflammatory changes in brain and liver tissues were assessed together with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA); fibrosis marker. Results showed correction of the biochemical parameters which was supported by the results of the immunohistochemical examinations. LDR is a promising hepato- and neurotherapy against HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abd El-Latif El-Ghazaly
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, PO box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Engy Refaat Rashed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, PO box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Ghada Mahmoud Shafey
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, PO box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
| | - Hala Fahmy Zaki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina Salem Attia
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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