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Rojas-Lemus M, López-Valdez N, Bizarro-Nevares P, González-Villalva A, Ustarroz-Cano M, Zepeda-Rodríguez A, Pasos-Nájera F, García-Peláez I, Rivera-Fernández N, Fortoul TI. Toxic Effects of Inhaled Vanadium Attached to Particulate Matter: A Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168457. [PMID: 34444206 PMCID: PMC8391836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a worldwide problem recognized by the World Health Organization as a major health risk factor that affects low-, middle- and high-income countries. Suspended particulate matter is among the most dangerous pollutants, since it contains toxicologically relevant agents, such as metals, including vanadium. Vanadium is a transition metal that is emitted into the atmosphere especially by the burning of fossil fuels to which dwellers are exposed. The objective of this literature review is to describe the toxic effects of vanadium and its compounds when they enter the body by inhalation, based especially on the results of a murine experimental model that elucidates the systemic effects that vanadium has on living organisms. To achieve this goal, we reviewed 85 articles on the relevance of vanadium as a component of particulate matter and its toxic effects. Throughout several years of research with the murine experimental model, we have shown that this element generates adverse effects in all the systems evaluated, because it causes immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and reprotoxicity, among other noxious effects. The results with this experimental model add evidence of the effects generated by environmental pollutants and increase the body of evidence that can lead us to make more intelligent environmental decisions for the welfare of all living beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rojas-Lemus
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Nelly López-Valdez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Patricia Bizarro-Nevares
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Adriana González-Villalva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Martha Ustarroz-Cano
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Armando Zepeda-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Francisco Pasos-Nájera
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Isabel García-Peláez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Norma Rivera-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Teresa I. Fortoul
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (M.R.-L.); (N.L.-V.); (P.B.-N.); (A.G.-V.); (M.U.-C.); (A.Z.-R.); (F.P.-N.); (I.G.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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