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Jiménez-Castro MB, Cornide-Petronio ME, Gracia-Sancho J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Steatotic and Non-Steatotic Livers Submitted to Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071785. [PMID: 30974915 PMCID: PMC6479363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), namely p38, JNK and ERK 1/2 in steatotic and non-steatotic livers undergoing ischemia-reperfusion (I-R), an unresolved problem in clinical practice. Hepatic steatosis is a major risk factor in liver surgery because these types of liver tolerate poorly to I-R injury. Also, a further increase in the prevalence of steatosis in liver surgery is to be expected. The possible therapies based on MAPK regulation aimed at reducing hepatic I-R injury will be discussed. Moreover, we reviewed the relevance of MAPK in ischemic preconditioning (PC) and evaluated whether MAPK regulators could mimic its benefits. Clinical studies indicated that this surgical strategy could be appropriate for liver surgery in both steatotic and non-steatotic livers undergoing I-R. The data presented herein suggest that further investigations are required to elucidate more extensively the mechanisms by which these kinases work in hepatic I-R. Also, further researchers based in the development of drugs that regulate MAPKs selectively are required before such approaches can be translated into clinical liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Vitoria, Ciudad Victoria 87087, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina e ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros 87300, México.
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Carrapita J, Abrantes AM, Campelos S, Gonçalves AC, Cardoso D, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Rocha C, Santos JN, Botelho MF, Tralhão JG, Farges O, Barbosa JM. Impact of splenic artery ligation after major hepatectomy on liver function, regeneration and viability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34731. [PMID: 27725728 PMCID: PMC5057079 DOI: 10.1038/srep34731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported that prevention of acute portal overpressure in small-for-size livers by inflow modulation results in a better postoperative outcome. The aim is to investigate the impact of portal blood flow reduction by splenic artery ligation after major hepatectomy in a murine model. Forty-eight rats were subjected to an 85% hepatectomy or 85% hepatectomy and splenic artery ligation. Both groups were evaluated at 24, 48, 72 and 120 post-operative hours: liver function, regeneration and viability. All methods and experiments were carried out in accordance with Coimbra University guidelines. Splenic artery ligation produces viability increase after 24 h, induces a relative decrease in oxidative stress during the first 48 hours, allows antioxidant capacity increment after 24 h, which is reflected in a decrease of half-time normalized liver curve at 48 h and at 72 h and in an increase of mitotic index between 48 h and 72 h. Splenic artery ligation combined with 85% hepatectomy in a murine model, allows portal inflow modulation, promoting an increase in hepatocellular viability and regeneration, without impairing the function, probably by inducing a less marked elevation of oxidative stress at first 48 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carrapita
- General Surgery Department of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital, Portugal.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Oporto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Portugal
| | - Sofia Campelos
- Pathologic Anatomy Department of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Portugal.,Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinic of Hematology and Appied Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dulce Cardoso
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Portugal.,Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinic of Hematology and Appied Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Hematology Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Portugal
| | - Clara Rocha
- ESTESC-Coimbra Health School Department Complementary Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers at Coimbra (INESCC), Portugal
| | - Jorge Nunes Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Oporto, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Portugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Portugal.,Surgery A, Surgery Department of Coimbra University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olivier Farges
- Hepatobiliary and pancreatic unit, Beaujon Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Clichy, France
| | - Jorge Maciel Barbosa
- General Surgery Department of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital, Portugal.,Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal
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Yoon YE, Choi KH, Kim SY, Cho YI, Lee KS, Kim KH, Yang SC, Han WK. Renoprotective Mechanism of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Based on Transcriptomic Analysis in a Porcine Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141099. [PMID: 26489007 PMCID: PMC4619554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a well-known phenomenon in which tissues are exposed to a brief period of ischemia prior to a longer ischemic event. This technique produces tissue tolerance to ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Currently, IPC’s mechanism of action is poorly understood. Using a porcine single kidney model, we performed remote IPC with renal IRI and evaluated the IPC mechanism of action. Following left nephrectomy, 15 female Yorkshire pigs were divided into three groups: no IPC and 90 minutes of warm ischemia (control), remote IPC immediately followed by 90 minutes of warm ischemia (rIPCe), and remote IPC with 90 minutes of warm ischemia performed 24 hours later (rIPCl). Differential gene expression analysis was performed using a porcine-specific microarray. The microarray analysis of porcine renal tissues identified 1,053 differentially expressed probes in preconditioned pigs. Among these, 179 genes had altered expression in both the rIPCe and rIPCl groups. The genes were largely related to oxidation reduction, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. In the rIPCl group, an additional 848 genes had altered expression levels. These genes were primarily related to immune response and inflammation, including those coding for cytokines and cytokine receptors and those that play roles in the complement system and coagulation cascade. In the complement system, the membrane attack complex was determined to be sublytic, because it colocalized with phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Furthermore, alpha 2 macroglobulin, tissue plasminogen activator, uterine plasmin trypsin inhibitor, and arginase-1 mRNA levels were elevated in the rIPCl group. These findings indicate that remote IPC produces renoprotective effects through multiple mechanisms, and these effects develop over a long timeframe rather than immediately following IPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Yoon
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Choi
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Sook Young Kim
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young In Cho
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Lee
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Kim
- Department of Urology, Ewha Women’s University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Choul Yang
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Woong Kyu Han
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Jaeschke H, Woolbright BL. Current strategies to minimize hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting reactive oxygen species. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2012; 26:103-14. [PMID: 22459037 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion is a major component of injury in vascular occlusion both during liver surgery and during liver transplantation. The pathophysiology of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion includes a number of mechanisms including oxidant stress that contribute to various degrees to the overall organ damage. A large volume of recent research has focused on the use of antioxidants to ameliorate this injury, although results in experimental models have not translated well to the clinic. This review focuses on critical sources and mediators of oxidative stress during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, the status of current antioxidant interventions, and emerging mechanisms of protection by preconditioning. While recent advances in regulation of antioxidant systems by Nrf2 provide interesting new potential therapeutic targets, an increased focus must be placed on more in-depth mechanistic investigations in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and translational research in order to refine current strategies in disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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Pucar D, Shukla-Dave A, Hricak H, Moskowitz CS, Kuroiwa K, Olgac S, Ebora LE, Scardino PT, Koutcher JA, Zakian KL. Prostate cancer: correlation of MR imaging and MR spectroscopy with pathologic findings after radiation therapy-initial experience. Radiology 2005; 236:545-53. [PMID: 15972335 PMCID: PMC2373272 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2362040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR spectroscopy for depiction of local prostate cancer recurrence after external-beam radiation therapy, with step-section pathologic findings as the standard of reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study received institutional approval, and written informed consent was obtained. Study was compliant with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Sextant biopsy, digital rectal examination, MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and salvage radical prostatectomy with step-section pathologic examination were performed in nine patients with increasing prostate-specific antigen levels after external-beam radiation therapy. MR imaging criterion for tumor was a focal nodular region of reduced signal intensity at T2-weighted imaging. MR spectroscopic criteria for tumor were voxels with choline (Cho) plus creatine (Cr) to citrate (Cit) ratio ([Cho + Cr]/Cit) of at least 0.5 or voxels with detectable Cho and no Cit in the peripheral zone. Sensitivity and specificity of sextant biopsy, digital rectal examination, MR imaging, and MR spectroscopy were determined by using a prostate sextant as the unit of analysis. For feature analysis, MR imaging and MR spectroscopic findings were correlated with step-section pathologic findings. RESULTS MR imaging and MR spectroscopy showed estimated sensitivities of 68% and 77%, respectively, while sensitivities of biopsy and digital rectal examination were 48% and 16%, respectively. MR spectroscopy appears to be less specific (78%) than the other three tests, each of which had a specificity higher than 90%. MR spectroscopic feature analysis showed that a metabolically altered benign gland could be falsely identified as tumor by using MR spectroscopic criteria; further analysis of MR spectroscopic features did not lead to improved MR spectroscopic criteria for recurrent tumor. CONCLUSION In summary, MR imaging and MR spectroscopy may be more sensitive than sextant biopsy and digital rectal examination for sextant localization of cancer recurrence after external-beam radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Pucar
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Urology, Pathology, and Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA
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