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Fernandes MS, Sabino-Arias IT, Dionizio A, Fabricio MF, Trevizol JS, Martini T, Azevedo LB, Valentine RA, Maguire A, Zohoori FV, L. Amaral S, Buzalaf MAR. Effect of Physical Exercise and Genetic Background on Glucose Homeostasis and Liver/Muscle Proteomes in Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020117. [PMID: 35208192 PMCID: PMC8878675 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the parameters related to glucose homeostasis, and liver and muscle proteomes in fluorosis-susceptible (A/J; S) and fluorosis-resistant (129P3/J; R) mice in response to fluoride (F) exposure and exercise. Ninety male mice (45 R-mice and 45 S-mice) were randomized into three groups: (SI; RI) No-F, No-Exercise, (SII; RII) 50 ppm F, No-Exercise, (SIII; RIII) 50 ppm F, Exercise. Overall, mean F concentrations in the plasma and femur were significantly higher in R-mice compared with S-mice. In R-mice, exercise resulted in an increase in F accumulation in the femur. In S-mice, the mean plasma glucose level was significantly higher in Group II compared with Groups I and III. There was an increase in liver proteins involved in energy flux and antioxidant enzymes in non-exercise groups (I, II) of S-mice in comparison with the corresponding groups of R-mice. The results also showed a decrease in muscle protein expression in Group I S-mice compared with their R-mice counterparts. In conclusion, the findings suggest an increased state of oxidative stress in fluorosis-susceptible mice that might be exacerbated by the treatment with F. In addition, fluorosis-susceptible mice have plasma glucose levels higher than fluorosis-resistant mice on exposure to F, and this is not affected by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mileni S. Fernandes
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.F.); (I.T.S.-A.); (A.D.); (J.S.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Isabela T. Sabino-Arias
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.F.); (I.T.S.-A.); (A.D.); (J.S.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.F.); (I.T.S.-A.); (A.D.); (J.S.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Mayara F. Fabricio
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (M.F.F.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Juliana S. Trevizol
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.F.); (I.T.S.-A.); (A.D.); (J.S.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatiana Martini
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.F.); (I.T.S.-A.); (A.D.); (J.S.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Liane B. Azevedo
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Ruth A. Valentine
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK; (R.A.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Anne Maguire
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK; (R.A.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Fatemeh V. Zohoori
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
- Correspondence: (F.V.Z.); (M.A.R.B.)
| | - Sandra L. Amaral
- Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil; (M.F.F.); (S.L.A.)
| | - Marília A. R. Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil; (M.S.F.); (I.T.S.-A.); (A.D.); (J.S.T.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.V.Z.); (M.A.R.B.)
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Massett MP, Matejka C, Kim H. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Endurance Exercise Training Protocols for Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:782695. [PMID: 34950054 PMCID: PMC8691460 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.782695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inbred and genetically modified mice are frequently used to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial adaptations to exercise training. However, published paradigms for exercise training in mice are variable, making comparisons across studies for training efficacy difficult. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to characterize the diversity across published treadmill-based endurance exercise training protocols for mice and to identify training protocol parameters that moderate the adaptations to endurance exercise training in mice. Published studies were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE and reviewed for the following inclusion criteria: inbred mice; inclusion of a sedentary group; and exercise training using a motorized treadmill. Fifty-eight articles met those inclusion criteria and also included a "classical" marker of training efficacy. Outcome measures included changes in exercise performance, V ˙ O2max, skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity, blood lactate levels, or exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The majority of studies were conducted using male mice. Approximately 48% of studies included all information regarding exercise training protocol parameters. Meta-analysis was performed using 105 distinct training groups (i.e., EX-SED pairs). Exercise training had a significant effect on training outcomes, but with high heterogeneity (Hedges' g=1.70, 95% CI=1.47-1.94, Tau2=1.14, I2 =80.4%, prediction interval=-0.43-3.84). Heterogeneity was partially explained by subgroup differences in treadmill incline, training duration, exercise performance test type, and outcome variable. Subsequent analyses were performed on subsets of studies based on training outcome, exercise performance, or biochemical markers. Exercise training significantly improved performance outcomes (Hedges' g=1.85, 95% CI=1.55-2.15). Subgroup differences were observed for treadmill incline, training duration, and exercise performance test protocol on improvements in performance. Biochemical markers also changed significantly with training (Hedges' g=1.62, 95% CI=1.14-2.11). Subgroup differences were observed for strain, sex, exercise session time, and training duration. These results demonstrate there is a high degree of heterogeneity across exercise training studies in mice. Training duration had the most significant impact on training outcome. However, the magnitude of the effect of exercise training varies based on the marker used to assess training efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Massett
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Caitlyn Matejka
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hyoseon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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Amaral SL, Azevedo LB, Buzalaf MAR, Fabricio MF, Fernandes MS, Valentine RA, Maguire A, Zohoori FV. Effect of chronic exercise on fluoride metabolism in fluorosis-susceptible mice exposed to high fluoride. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3211. [PMID: 29453343 PMCID: PMC5816643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of chronic exercise on fluoride (F) metabolism in fluorosis-susceptible mice exposed to high-F and explored the relationship between F concentrations in bone and plasma. Thirty male mice were randomised into three groups: Group I (No-F, No-Exercise), Group II (50 ppmF, No-Exercise), Group III (50 ppmF, Exercise). Body weight and physical performance of all mice were measured at baseline and end of experiment. F concentrations of plasma and bone were measured at the end of experiment. Mean plasma F concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Groups II and III compared with Group I. Mean bone F concentration was also significantly higher (p < 0.01) in Groups II and III compared with Group I. There was a significant correlation (p = 0.01, r = 0.54) between F concentration of plasma and bone. Mean body weight of Group I mice was significantly higher than Group II (p < 0.001) and Group III (p = 0.001) mice at the end of the experiment. This study, which provides the first data on the effect of chronic exercise on F metabolism in fluorosis-susceptible mice, suggests no effect of chronic exercise on F in plasma and bone. However, exposure to high-F resulted in lower body weight and exercise capacity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Amaral
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Liane B Azevedo
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Marilia A R Buzalaf
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Mayara F Fabricio
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University, Bauru, São Paulo, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Mileni S Fernandes
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Ruth A Valentine
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4BW, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Anne Maguire
- Centre for Oral Health Research, School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4BW, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Fatemeh V Zohoori
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK.
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Akin S, Naito H, Ogura Y, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Kurosaka M, Kakigi R, Demirel HA. Short-term treadmill exercise in a cold environment does not induce adrenal Hsp72 and Hsp25 expression. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:407-413. [PMID: 27470130 PMCID: PMC10717108 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and in protecting cells from a range of acute and chronic stressful conditions. Treadmill running exercise results in increased Hsp72 and Hsp25 levels in various tissues and heat production during exercise has been shown to be the main factor for the increased levels of Hsp72 in myocardium. Since the adrenal gland plays a vital role in general response to stress, regulation of Hsps in adrenal glands following stressful events seems to be critical for controlling the whole-body stress response appropriately. This study tested the hypothesis of whether elevation of temperature is solely responsible for exercise-induced adrenal Hsp72 and Hsp25 expression. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) were randomly assigned to either a sedentary control group or one of two treadmill-running groups: a cold exercise group run in a cold room at 4 °C (CE), and a warm exercise group run at 25 °C temperature (WE). Animals were run 60 min a day at 30 m min-1 speed for 4 consecutive days following adaptation to treadmill exercise. Exercise resulted in a significant elevation of body temperature only in the WE group (p < 0.05). Adrenal Hsp72 and Hsp25 levels were significantly higher in the WE group compare to the other groups (p < 0.05). These data demonstrated that exercise-related elevations of body temperature could be the only factor for the inductions of adrenal Hsp72 and Hsp25 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Akin
- Division of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hisashi Naito
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inbamura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inbamura, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Mitsutoshi Kurosaka
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inbamura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inbamura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haydar A Demirel
- Division of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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Pan-Vazquez A, Rye N, Ameri M, McSparron B, Smallwood G, Bickerdyke J, Rathbone A, Dajas-Bailador F, Toledo-Rodriguez M. Impact of voluntary exercise and housing conditions on hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor, miR-124 and anxiety. Mol Brain 2015; 8:40. [PMID: 26135882 PMCID: PMC4487841 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of physical activity and increased levels of stress contribute to the development of multiple physical and mental disorders. An increasing number of studies relate voluntary exercise with greater resilience to psychological stress, a process that is highly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on stress resilience are still poorly understood. Here we have studied the impact of long term exercise and housing conditions on: a) hippocampal expression of glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1), b) epigenetic regulation of Nr3c1 (DNA methylation at the Nr3c1-1F promoter and miR-124 expression), c) anxiety (elevated plus maze, EPM), and d) adrenal gland weight and adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor (Mc2r) expression. RESULTS Exercise increased Nr3c1 and Nr3c1-1F expression and decreased miR-124 levels in the hippocampus in single-housed mice, suggesting enhanced resilience to stress. The opposite was found for pair-housed animals. Bisulfite sequencing showed virtually no DNA methylation in the Nr3c1-1F promoter region. Single-housing increased the time spent on stretch attend postures. Exercise decreased the time spent at the open arms of the EPM, however, the mobility of the exercise groups was significantly lower. Exercise had opposite effects on the adrenal gland weight of single and pair-housed mice, while it had no effect on adrenal Mc2r expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that exercise exerts a positive impact on stress resilience in single-housed mice that could be mediated by decreasing miR-124 and increasing Nr3c1 expression in the hippocampus. However, pair-housing reverses these effects possibly due to stress from dominance disputes between pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pan-Vazquez
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.,Present address: MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha Rye
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mitra Ameri
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Bethan McSparron
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Smallwood
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Bickerdyke
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Rathbone
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Dajas-Bailador
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Toledo-Rodriguez
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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Toti L, Bartalucci A, Ferrucci M, Fulceri F, Lazzeri G, Lenzi P, Soldani P, Gobbi P, La Torre A, Gesi M. High-intensity exercise training induces morphological and biochemical changes in skeletal muscles. Biol Sport 2013; 30:301-9. [PMID: 24744502 PMCID: PMC3944543 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1077557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effect of two different exercise protocols on fibre composition and metabolism of two specific muscles of mice: the quadriceps and the gastrocnemius. Mice were run daily on a motorized treadmill, at a velocity corresponding to 60% or 90% of the maximal running velocity. Blood lactate and body weight were measured during exercise training. We found that at the end of training the body weight significantly increased in high-intensity exercise mice compared to the control group (P=0.0268), whereas it decreased in low-intensity exercise mice compared to controls (P=0.30). In contrast, the food intake was greater in both trained mice compared to controls (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001 for low-intensity and high-intensity exercise mice, respectively). These effects were accompanied by a progressive reduction in blood lactate levels at the end of training in both the exercised mice compared with controls (P=0.03 and P < 0.0001 for low-intensity and high-intensity exercise mice, respectively); in particular, blood lactate levels after high-intensity exercise were significantly lower than those measured in low-intensity exercise mice (P=0.0044). Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that high-intensity exercise training produced a significant increase in the expression of mitochondrial enzymes contained within gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. These changes were associated with an increase in the amount of slow fibres in both these muscles of high-intensity exercise mice, as revealed by the counts of slow fibres stained with specific antibodies (P < 0.0001 for the gastrocnemius; P=0.0002 for the quadriceps). Our results demonstrate that high-intensity exercise, in addition to metabolic changes consisting of a decrease in blood lactate and body weight, induces an increase in the mitochondrial enzymes and slow fibres in different skeletal muscles of mice, which indicates an exercise-induced increase in the aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Toti
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - A Bartalucci
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy ; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - M Ferrucci
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - F Fulceri
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - G Lazzeri
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - P Lenzi
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - P Soldani
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - P Gobbi
- Department of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, Human Morphology Division, University of Urbino, Italy
| | - A La Torre
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M Gesi
- Department of Traslational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
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