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Xu Y, Gao H, Li H. The gut microbiome: an important factor influencing therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2023:10.1007/s00277-023-05480-3. [PMID: 37775598 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent form of pediatric leukemia. The gut microbiome (GM) is crucial for proper nutrition, immunity, and biological conflict. Since the relationship between ALL and GM is bidirectional, ALL occurrence and treatment are closely related to GM destruction and the development of impaired immunity. Studies have discovered significant GM alterations in patients with ALL, including decreased diversity, that are likely directly caused by the development of ALL. Chemotherapy, antibiotic therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the mainstays of treatment for pediatric ALL. These approaches affect the composition, diversity, and abundance of intestinal microorganisms, which in turn affects therapeutic efficiency and can cause a variety of complications. Modulating the GM can aid the recovery of patients with ALL. This article discusses the various treatment modalities for pediatric ALL and their corresponding effects on the GM, as well as the changes in the GM that occur in children with ALL from diagnosis to treatment. Gaining a greater understanding of the link between ALL and the GM is expected to help improve treatment for pediatric ALL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Xu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dalian Medical Center for Women and Children, Dalian, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Taweethavonsawat P, Rattanapinyopituk K, Tachampa K, Kiertkrittikhoon S, Jitsamai W, Klomkleaw W, Choisunirachon N, Komin K. Case report: Thromboembolic heartworm induced lower limb necrosis in a dog. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:868115. [PMID: 35990283 PMCID: PMC9382088 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.868115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old spayed female boxer suffered from lameness in both hindlimbs with a perforated paw wound. Additionally, a linear, worm-like creature was penetrating out from the wound. On examination, the dog was emaciated and infected with heartworms, detected through a fresh blood smear, echocardiography, and transabdominal ultrasonography. Adult heartworms were detected at the right atrium (RA), right ventricle (RV), and pulmonary artery (PA), including the distal abdominal aorta, external iliac, and femoral arteries. During the surgery, adults heartworms were removed from both the heart (n = 8) and the femoral arteries (n = 5). Unfortunately, not all heartworms could be removed from these locations due to the extent of the heartworm infection. The opened, ischemic wounds in the distal limbs progressively expanded and the dog subsequently died, possibly due to caval syndrome complications and septicemia. The necropsy showed no evidence of an atrial septal defect, and a total of 25 adult heartworms were collected from the perforated paw, heart, pulmonary, and femoral arteries. All worms collected during the necropsy process were molecularly confirmed to be Dirofilaria immitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyanan Taweethavonsawat
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Biomarkers in Animal Parasitology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasem Rattanapinyopituk
- Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Tachampa
- Biomarkers in Animal Parasitology Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Wanarit Jitsamai
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wuthichai Klomkleaw
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nan Choisunirachon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiatpichet Komin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Kiatpichet Komin
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