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Shraideh Z, Badran D, Alzbeede A. Effect of Honey and Aqueous Garlic Extracts against Short-Term Exposure of Cigarette Tobacco Smoking in Mice: Histopathological and Biochemical Investigations. J Toxicol 2024; 2024:5539447. [PMID: 38410096 PMCID: PMC10896654 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5539447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that cigarette smoking adversely affects human health and induces oxidative stress in most vital organs. This study aims to assess the biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural values of honey and garlic extracts in ameliorating the effects of short-term exposure to cigarette smoke in mice. Forty-eight mice were randomly divided into six equal groups: group I was exposed to fresh air only, group II was exposed to cigarette smoke, group III was given 0.2 ml of honey extract, group IV was exposed to cigarette smoke and was given 0.2 ml of honey extract, group V was given 0.2 ml of garlic extract, and group VI was exposed to cigarette smoke and was given 0.2 ml of aqueous garlic extract. These exposures were repeated daily for 21 consecutive days among the treated groups. By the end of the third week, the animals were euthanized by physical cervical dislocation. Blood was taken for biochemical study, and the selected organs of the liver, kidney, and jejunum were processed for histological and ultrastructural studies. The biochemical results showed that short-term exposure of experimental mice to cigarette smoking did not alter the liver function tests except for decreasing the albumin level. Moreover, cigarette smoking elevates the concentration of carbonyl protein content and cystatin C. Histologically, the use of honey and garlic showed good protection to the liver, kidney, and jejunum, which was proved by transmission electron microscopy, in addition to lowering the oxidative stress biomarkers. In conclusion, using honey and/or garlic helps protect the liver, kidney, and jejunum against the hazardous effects of cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Shraideh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Darwish Badran
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, and Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Alzbeede
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Kaplan A, Abidi E, Diab R, Ghali R, Al-Awassi H, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Sex differences in cardiac remodeling post myocardial infarction with acute cigarette smoking. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:36. [PMID: 35799275 PMCID: PMC9264586 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether cigarette smoking affects the heart post-myocardial infarction (MI) in a sex-dependent way remains controversial. Using a mouse model, we investigated cardiac remodeling under the influence of acute cigarette smoke (CS) exposure following ischemic injury in both sexes. Methods Ten cigarettes were smoked twice daily for 2 weeks followed by MI and then 1 additional week post permanent LAD ligation. Cardiac function, histology, and infarct size were assessed, and inflammatory markers quantified by RT–PCR. Statistical comparisons were performed using an unpaired t test or ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Results We observed that cigarette smoking exacerbated both left and right ventricular remodeling only in males at an early stage of post-MI. Females did not display a significant structural and/or functional alteration within 7 days of cardiac remodeling post-MI upon CS exposure. Worsened right ventricular remodeling in males was independent of pulmonary congestion. CS-exposed males exhibited enhanced increases in left ventricular end systolic and diastolic volumes, as well as reductions in ejection fraction and fractional area changes of left ventricular base. At day 7, infarct size was increased by cigarette smoking in males only, which was accompanied by enhanced collagen deposition in both the infarcted and peri-infarcted areas. Both IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression significantly increased in CS-exposed MI male group only at day 7 post-MI suggestive of prolonged inflammation. Conclusions These findings indicate that CS exposure worsens the progression of cardiac remodeling post-MI in male sex in a significant manner compared to female sex at least at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.,Department of Cardiology, Kemer Public Hospital, Hastane Cd. No: 9, 07980, Kemer, Antalya, Turkey.,The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.,The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Reine Diab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.,The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.,The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiam Al-Awassi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.,The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216-4500, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon. .,The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216-4500, USA. .,Department of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.
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Kaplan A, Abidi E, Habeichi NJ, Ghali R, Alawasi H, Fakih C, Zibara K, Kobeissy F, Husari A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Gender-biased kidney damage in mice following exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke: More protection in premenopausal females. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14339. [PMID: 31981316 PMCID: PMC6981307 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple clinical studies documented renal damage in chronic cigarette smokers (CS) irrespective of their age and gender. Premenopausal female smokers are known to exert a certain cardiovascular and renal protection with undefined mechanisms. Given the multiple demographic variables within clinical studies, this experimental study was designed to be the first to assess whether gender‐biased CS‐induced kidney damage truly exists between premenopausal female and age‐matched C57Bl6J male mice when compared to their relative control groups. Following 6 weeks of CS exposure, cardiac function, inflammatory marker production, fibrosis formation, total and glomerular ROS levels, and glomerulotubular homeostasis were assessed in both genders. Although both CS‐exposed male and female mice exhibited comparable ROS fold change relative to their respective control groups, CS‐exposed male mice showed a more pronounced fibrotic deposition, inflammation, and glomerulotubular damage profile. However, the protection observed in CS‐exposed female group was not absolute. CS‐exposed female mice exhibited a significant increase in fibrosis, ROS production, and glomerulotubular alteration but with a pronounced anti‐inflammatory profile when compared to their relative control groups. Although both CS‐exposed genders presented with altered glomerulotubular homeostasis, the alteration phenotype between genders was different. CS‐exposed males showed a significant decrease in Bowman's space along with reduced tubular diameter consistent with an endocrinization pattern of chronic tubular atrophy, suggestive of an advanced stage of glomerulotubular damage. CS‐exposed female group, on the other hand, displayed glomerular hypertrophy with a mild tubular dilatation profile suggestive of an early stage of glomerulotubular damage that generally precedes collapse. In conclusion, both genders are prone to CS‐induced kidney damage with pronounced female protection due to a milder damage slope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Emna Abidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada J Habeichi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rana Ghali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hiam Alawasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christina Fakih
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Husari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory Diseases and Sleep Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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