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Ra SG, Nakagawa H, Tomiga Y, Iizawa H, Nakashima S, Higaki Y, Kawanaka K. Effects of Dietary Vitamin D Deficiency on Markers of Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:243-249. [PMID: 36047095 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of dietary vitamin D deficiency on markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in rat soleus muscle. Male Wistar rats were fed a chow with no vitamin D (No-D; 0 IU/kg) or a moderate dose (Mod-D; 2,000 IU/kg) of vitamin D chow for 8 wk. Compared to the Mod-D group, at 8 wk the No-D group showed significantly lower serum 25(OH)D levels. Although vitamin D deficiency had no effect on body composition, the No-D rats showed significantly decreased levels of PGC-1α, a marker of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, and DRP1, a marker of skeletal muscle mitochondrial fission. The change in the PGC-1α protein expression and the serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly correlated. The change in DRP1 protein expression and the serum 25(OH)D concentrations tended to be correlated. There was no significant between-group difference in markers of mitochondrial fusion (MFN2 and OPA1) and mitophagy (PARKIN) in soleus muscle, and no relationship with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Collectively our findings suggest that dietary vitamin D deficiency decreased PGC-1α and DRP1 protein expression in rat soleus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Gyu Ra
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University.,Fukuoka Univerity Institute for Physical Activity.,Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Hironari Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University
| | - Yuki Tomiga
- Fukuoka Univerity Institute for Physical Activity.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Hiroki Iizawa
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University
| | | | - Yasuki Higaki
- Fukuoka Univerity Institute for Physical Activity.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University
| | - Kentaro Kawanaka
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University.,Fukuoka Univerity Institute for Physical Activity
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Chaves AB, Miranda ER, Mey JT, Blackburn BK, Fuller KNZ, Stearns B, Ludlow A, Williamson DL, Houmard JA, Haus JM. Exercise reduces the protein abundance of TXNIP and its interacting partner REDD1 in skeletal muscle: potential role for a PKA-mediated mechanism. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:357-366. [PMID: 34941434 PMCID: PMC8791844 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00229.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) negatively effects the redox state and growth signaling via its interactions with thioredoxin (TRX) and regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1), respectively. TXNIP expression is downregulated by pathways activated during aerobic exercise (AE), via posttranslational modifications (PTMs; serine phosphorylation and ubiquitination). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of acute AE on TXNIP expression, posttranslational modifications, and its interacting partners, REDD1 and TRX. Fifteen healthy adults performed 30 min of aerobic exercise (80% V̇o2max) with muscle biopsies taken before, immediately following, and 3 h following the exercise bout. To explore potential mechanisms underlying our in vivo findings, primary human myotubes were exposed to two models of exercise, electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) and palmitate-forskolin-ionomycin (PFI). Immediately following exercise, TXNIP protein decreased, but returned to preexercise levels 3 h after exercise. These results were replicated in our PFI exercise model only. Although not statistically significant, there was a trending main effect in serine-phosphorylation status of TXNIP (P = 0.07) immediately following exercise. REDD1 protein decreased 3 h after exercise. AE had no effect on TRX protein expression, gene expression, or the activity of its reducing enzyme, thioredoxin reductase. Consequently, AE had no effect on the TRX: TXNIP interaction. Our results indicate that AE leads to acute reductions in TXNIP and REDD1 protein expression. However, these changes did not result in alterations in the TRX: TXNIP interaction and could not be entirely explained by alterations in TXNIP PTMs or changes in TRX expression or activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerobic exercise is an effective tool in the prevention and treatment of several chronic metabolic diseases. However, the mechanisms through which these benefits are conferred have yet to be fully elucidated. Our data reveal a novel effect of aerobic exercise on reducing the protein expression of molecular targets that negatively impact redox and insulin/growth signaling in skeletal muscle. These findings contribute to the expanding repository of molecular signatures provoked by aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Chaves
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Edwin R. Miranda
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jacob T. Mey
- 3Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Brian K. Blackburn
- 4Applied Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California
| | - Kelly N. Z. Fuller
- 5Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Blaise Stearns
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew Ludlow
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David L. Williamson
- 6School of Behavioral Sciences and Education, Penn State University Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- 1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Jacob M. Haus
- 2School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Effect of Taurine on the Regulation of Glucose Uptake in the Skeletal Muscle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:305-309. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111846. [PMID: 34829717 PMCID: PMC8615250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all cellular functions depend on redox reactions, including those of immune cells. However, how redox reactions are rearranged to induce an immune response to the entry of pathogens into the host is a complex process. Understanding this scenario will facilitate identification of the roles of specific types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system. Although the detrimental effect of ROS could support the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system also requires a low level of ROS in order to stimulate various molecular functions. The requirements and functions of ROS vary in different cells, including immune cells. Thus, it is difficult to understand the specific ROS types and their targeting functions. Incomplete transfer of electrons to a specific target, along with failure of the antioxidant response, could result in oxidative-damage-related diseases, and oxidative damage is a common phenomenon in most immune disorders. Exercise is a noninvasive means of regulating ROS levels and antioxidant responses. Several studies have shown that exercise alone boosts immune functions independent of redox reactions. Here, we summarize how ROS target various signaling pathways of the immune system and its functions, along with the possible role of exercise in interfering with immune system signaling.
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Ericsson M, Steneberg P, Nyrén R, Edlund H. AMPK activator O304 improves metabolic and cardiac function, and exercise capacity in aged mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1306. [PMID: 34795407 PMCID: PMC8602430 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is associated with progressively impaired, metabolic, cardiac and vascular function, as well as reduced work/exercise capacity, mobility, and hence quality of life. Exercise exhibit positive effects on age-related dysfunctions and diseases. However, for a variety of reasons many aged individuals are unable to engage in regular physical activity, making the development of pharmacological treatments that mimics the beneficial effects of exercise highly desirable. Here we show that the pan-AMPK activator O304, which is well tolerated in humans, prevented and reverted age-associated hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, and improved cardiac function and exercise capacity in aged mice. These results provide preclinical evidence that O304 mimics the beneficial effects of exercise. Thus, as an exercise mimetic in clinical development, AMPK activator O304 holds great potential to mitigate metabolic dysfunction, and to improve cardiac function and exercise capacity, and hence quality of life in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Ericsson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Steneberg
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rakel Nyrén
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Edlund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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