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Rodríguez-Ruiz ER, Herrero-Labrador R, Fernández-Fernández AP, Serrano-Masa J, Martínez-Montero JA, González-Nieto D, Hana-Vaish M, Benchekroun M, Ismaili L, Marco-Contelles J, Martínez-Murillo R. The Proof-of-Concept of MBA121, a Tacrine-Ferulic Acid Hybrid, for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12254. [PMID: 37569630 PMCID: PMC10419016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Great effort has been devoted to the synthesis of novel multi-target directed tacrine derivatives in the search of new treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein we describe the proof of concept of MBA121, a compound designed as a tacrine-ferulic acid hybrid, and its potential use in the therapy of AD. MBA121 shows good β-amyloid (Aβ) anti-aggregation properties, selective inhibition of human butyrylcholinesterase, good neuroprotection against toxic insults, such as Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and H2O2, and promising ADMET properties that support translational developments. A passive avoidance task in mice with experimentally induced amnesia was carried out, MBA121 being able to significantly decrease scopolamine-induced learning deficits. In addition, MBA121 reduced the Aβ plaque burden in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic male mice. Our in vivo results relate its bioavailability with the therapeutic response, demonstrating that MBA121 is a promising agent to treat the cognitive decline and neurodegeneration underlying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelina R. Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Ana P. Fernández-Fernández
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Julia Serrano-Masa
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - José A. Martínez-Montero
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
| | - Daniel González-Nieto
- Experimental Neurology Unit, Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo S/N, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mayuri Hana-Vaish
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
| | - Mohamed Benchekroun
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive de Besançon, Groupe Chimie Médicinale, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Lhassane Ismaili
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive de Besançon, Groupe Chimie Médicinale, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France;
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), CIBER, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Murillo
- Neurovascular Research Group, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Ave. Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.R.-R.); (R.H.-L.); (A.P.F.-F.); (J.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-M.)
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The Role of Small Heat Shock Proteins in Protein Misfolding Associated Motoneuron Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911759. [PMID: 36233058 PMCID: PMC9569637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motoneuron diseases (MNDs) are neurodegenerative conditions associated with death of upper and/or lower motoneurons (MNs). Proteostasis alteration is a pathogenic mechanism involved in many MNDs and is due to the excessive presence of misfolded and aggregated proteins. Protein misfolding may be the product of gene mutations, or due to defects in the translation process, or to stress agents; all these conditions may alter the native conformation of proteins making them prone to aggregate. Alternatively, mutations in members of the protein quality control (PQC) system may determine a loss of function of the proteostasis network. This causes an impairment in the capability to handle and remove aberrant or damaged proteins. The PQC system consists of the degradative pathways, which are the autophagy and the proteasome, and a network of chaperones and co-chaperones. Among these components, Heat Shock Protein 70 represents the main factor in substrate triage to folding, refolding, or degradation, and it is assisted in this task by a subclass of the chaperone network, the small heat shock protein (sHSPs/HSPBs) family. HSPBs take part in proteostasis by bridging misfolded and aggregated proteins to the HSP70 machinery and to the degradative pathways, facilitating refolding or clearance of the potentially toxic proteins. Because of its activity against proteostasis alteration, the chaperone system plays a relevant role in the protection against proteotoxicity in MNDs. Here, we discuss the role of HSPBs in MNDs and which HSPBs may represent a valid target for therapeutic purposes.
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3
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Szczepańska K, Podlewska S, Dichiara M, Gentile D, Patamia V, Rosier N, Mönnich D, Ruiz Cantero MC, Karcz T, Łażewska D, Siwek A, Pockes S, Cobos EJ, Marrazzo A, Stark H, Rescifina A, Bojarski AJ, Amata E, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Structural and Molecular Insight into Piperazine and Piperidine Derivatives as Histamine H 3 and Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonists with Promising Antinociceptive Properties. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 34908391 PMCID: PMC8739840 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In an attempt to extend recent studies showing that some clinically evaluated histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists possess nanomolar affinity at sigma-1 receptors (σ1R), we selected 20 representative structures among our previously reported H3R ligands to investigate their affinity at σRs. Most of the tested compounds interact with both sigma receptors to different degrees. However, only six of them showed higher affinity toward σ1R than σ2R with the highest binding preference to σ1R for compounds 5, 11, and 12. Moreover, all these ligands share a common structural feature: the piperidine moiety as the fundamental part of the molecule. It is most likely a critical structural element for dual H3/σ1 receptor activity as can be seen by comparing the data for compounds 4 and 5 (hH3R Ki = 3.17 and 7.70 nM, σ1R Ki = 1531 and 3.64 nM, respectively), where piperidine is replaced by piperazine. We identified the putative protein-ligand interactions responsible for their high affinity using molecular modeling techniques and selected compounds 5 and 11 as lead structures for further evaluation. Interestingly, both ligands turned out to be high-affinity histamine H3 and σ1 receptor antagonists with negligible affinity at the other histamine receptor subtypes and promising antinociceptive activity in vivo. Considering that many literature data clearly indicate high preclinical efficacy of individual selective σ1 or H3R ligands in various pain models, our research might be a breakthrough in the search for novel, dual-acting compounds that can improve existing pain therapies. Determining whether such ligands are more effective than single-selective drugs will be the subject of our future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Smętna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Smętna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Davide Gentile
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Patamia
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Niklas Rosier
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ma Carmen Ruiz Cantero
- Department
of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute (Biomedical Research Center)
and Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department
of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Enrique J. Cobos
- Department
of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute (Biomedical Research Center)
and Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Smętna 12, Kraków 31-343, Poland
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Department
of Drug and Health Sciences, University
of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department
of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Kraków 30-688, Poland
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Smit T, Deshayes NAC, Borchelt DR, Kamphuis W, Middeldorp J, Hol EM. Reactive astrocytes as treatment targets in Alzheimer's disease-Systematic review of studies using the APPswePS1dE9 mouse model. Glia 2021; 69:1852-1881. [PMID: 33634529 PMCID: PMC8247905 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate synaptic communication and are essential for proper brain functioning. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) astrocytes become reactive, which is characterized by an increased expression of intermediate filament proteins and cellular hypertrophy. Reactive astrocytes are found in close association with amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits. Synaptic communication and neuronal network function could be directly modulated by reactive astrocytes, potentially contributing to cognitive decline in AD. In this review, we focus on reactive astrocytes as treatment targets in AD in the APPswePS1dE9 AD mouse model, a widely used model to study amyloidosis and gliosis. We first give an overview of the model; that is, how it was generated, which cells express the transgenes, and the effect of its genetic background on Aβ pathology. Subsequently, to determine whether modifying reactive astrocytes in AD could influence pathogenesis and cognition, we review studies using this mouse model in which interventions were directly targeted at reactive astrocytes or had an indirect effect on reactive astrocytes. Overall, studies specifically targeting astrocytes to reduce astrogliosis showed beneficial effects on cognition, which indicates that targeting astrocytes should be included in developing novel therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Smit
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesCenter for Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Natasja A. C. Deshayes
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesCenter for Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - David R. Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKnight Brain Institute, Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Willem Kamphuis
- Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of ImmunobiologyBiomedical Primate Research CentreRijswijkThe Netherlands
| | - Elly M. Hol
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Zhang C, Lv Y, Bai R, Xie Y. Structural exploration of multifunctional monoamine oxidase B inhibitors as potential drug candidates against Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105070. [PMID: 34126574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AD is one of the most typical neurodegenerative disorders that suffer many seniors worldwide. Recently, MAO inhibitors have received increasing attention not only for their roles involved in monoamine neurotransmitters metabolism and oxidative stress but also for their additional neuroprotective and neurorescue effects against AD. The curiosity in MAO inhibitors is reviving, and novel MAO-B inhibitors recently developed with ancillary activities (e.g., Aβ aggregation and AChE inhibition, anti-ROS and chelating activities) have been proposed as multitarget drugs foreshadowing a positive outlook for the treatment of AD. The current review describes the recent development of the design, synthesis, and screening of multifunctional ligands based on MAO-B inhibition for AD therapy. Structure-activity relationships and rational design strategies of the synthetic or natural product derivatives (chalcones, coumarins, chromones, and homoisoflavonoids) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yangjing Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceutical, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China; College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
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6
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The Role of HSPB8, a Component of the Chaperone-Assisted Selective Autophagy Machinery, in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020335. [PMID: 33562660 PMCID: PMC7915307 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to cancer-induced stress is one of the major aspects regulating cancer development and progression. The Heat Shock Protein B8 (HSPB8) is a small chaperone involved in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). CASA promotes the selective degradation of proteins to counteract cell stress such as tumor-induced stress. HSPB8 is also involved in (i) the cell division machinery regulating chromosome segregation and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and (ii) inflammation regulating dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production. HSPB8 expression and role are tumor-specific, showing a dual and opposite role. Interestingly, HSPB8 may be involved in the acquisition of chemoresistance to drugs. Despite the fact the mechanisms of HSPB8-mediated CASA activation in tumors need further studies, HSPB8 could represent an important factor in cancer induction and progression and it may be a potential target for anticancer treatment in specific types of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanism underlying HSPB8 roles in normal and cancer conditions. The basic mechanisms involved in anti- and pro-tumoral activities of HSPB8 are deeply discussed together with the pathways that modulate HSPB8 expression, in order to outline molecules with a beneficial effect for cancer cell growth, migration, and death.
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7
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Więckowska A, Szałaj N, Góral I, Bucki A, Latacz G, Kiec-Kononowicz K, Bautista-Aguilera ÒM, Romero A, Ramos E, Egea J, Farré Alíns V, González-Rodríguez Á, López-Muñoz F, Chioua M, Marco-Contelles J. In Vitro and In Silico ADME-Tox Profiling and Safety Significance of Multifunctional Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Targeting Neurodegenerative Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3793-3801. [PMID: 33143412 PMCID: PMC7677930 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
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Herein we report in vitro metabolic stability
in human liver microsomes (HLMs), interactions with cytochrome P450
isoenzymes (CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9), and cytotoxicity analyses
on HEK-293, HepG2, Huh7, and WTIIB cell lines of our most recent multitarget
directed ligands PF9601N, ASS234, and contilisant. Based on these
results, we conclude that (1) PF9601N and contilisant are metabolically
stable in the HLM assay, in contrast to the very unstable ASS234;
(2) CYP3A4 activity was decreased by PF9601N at all the tested concentrations
and by ASS234 and contilisant only at the highest concentration; CYP2D6
activity was reduced by ASS234 at 1, 10, and 25 μM and by PF9601N
at 10 and 25 μM, whereas contilisant increased its activity
at the same concentrations; CYP2C9 was inhibited by the three compounds;
(3) contilisant did not affect cell viability in the widest range
of concentrations: up to 10 μM on HEK-293 cells, up to 30 μM
on Huh7 cells, up to 50 μM on HepG2 cells, and up to 30 or 100
μM on WTIIB cells. Based on these results, we selected contilisant
as a metabolically stable and nontoxic lead compound for further studies
in Alzheimer’s disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Więckowska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Szałaj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Izabella Góral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Òscar. M. Bautista-Aguilera
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, Alcalá University, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Health Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology Service, University Hospital La Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug I+D, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Farré Alíns
- Health Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology Service, University Hospital La Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug I+D, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Águeda González-Rodríguez
- Health Research Institute, Clinical Pharmacology Service, University Hospital La Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Teófilo Hernando for Drug I+D, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Camilo José Cela, C/Castillo de Alarcón 49, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (i+12), Avda Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mourad Chioua
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Romero A, Marco-Contelles J, Ramos E. Highlights of ASS234: a novel and promising therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:30-35. [PMID: 31535639 PMCID: PMC6862399 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.262679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no effective treatment to face Alzheimer’s disease complexity. Multitarget molecules are a good approach against the multiple physiopathological events associated with its development and progression. In this context, N-((5-(3-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) propoxy)-1- methyl-1H-indol-2-yl)methyl)-N-methylprop-2-yn-1-amine (ASS234) has been tested achieving promising results. ASS234 has demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier in vivo, and a good in silico safety profile being less toxic than donepezil. Besides, ASS234 reversibly inhibits human acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase, and irreversibly inhibits human monoamine oxidase A and B. Moreover, this multitarget molecule has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and inhibits Αβ1–42 and Αβ1–40 self-aggregation. Inquiring about the mechanism of action, several signaling pathways related to Alzheimer’s disease had been explored showing that ASS234 induces the wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) family and several members of the heat shock proteins family and moreover counteracts neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes promoting the induction of several key antioxidant genes. Finally, in vivo experiments with ASS234 in C57BL/6J mice displayed its ability to reduce amyloid plaque burden and gliosis in the cortex and hippocampus, ameliorating scopolamine-induced learning deficits. Here we gather the information regarding ASS234 evaluated so far, showing its ability to face different targets, necessary to counteract a neurodegenerative disease as complex as the Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Propargylamine-derived multi-target directed ligands for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126880. [PMID: 31864798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current options for the treatment of Alzheimeŕs disease have been restricted to prescription of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine. Propargylamine-derived multi-target directed ligands, such as ladostigil, M30, ASS234 and contilisant, involve different pathways. Apart from acting as inhibitors of both cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases, they show improvement of cognitive impairment, antioxidant activities, enhancement of iron-chelating activities, protect against tau hyperphosphorylation, block metal-associated oxidative stress, regulate APP and Aβ expression processing by the non-amyloidogenic α-secretase pathway, suppress mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and coordinate protein kinase C signaling and Bcl-2 family proteins. Other hybrid propargylamine derivatives are also reported.
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10
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Chaubey MG, Patel SN, Rastogi RP, Srivastava PL, Singh AK, Madamwar D, Singh NK. Therapeutic potential of cyanobacterial pigment protein phycoerythrin: in silico and in vitro study of BACE1 interaction and in vivo Aβ reduction. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:368-378. [PMID: 31059742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are an immense source of innovative classes of pharmacologically active compounds exhibiting various biological activities ranging from antioxidants, antibiotics, anticancer, anti-inflammatory to anti-Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we primarily targeted the inhibition of Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) by a naturally occurring cyanobacterial protein phycoerythrin (C-PE). BACE1 cleaves amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) and leads to accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain, as an attribute of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of BACE1 was measured in terms of their association and dissociation rate constants, thermodynamics of binding using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The kinetic parameters for enzyme activity were also measured using synthetic decapeptide as a substrate. We further validated the potential of PE by in-vivo histopathological staining of Aβ aggregate mutant Caenorhabditis elegans CL4176 by Thioflavin-T. The present studies pave the way for the application of naturally occurring C-PE as a putative therapeutic drug for the AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Ghanshyam Chaubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree A. N. Patel PG Institute of Science and Research, Sardar Patel University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India
| | - Stuti Nareshkumar Patel
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315 Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Prasad Rastogi
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315 Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Prabhakar Lal Srivastava
- Symbiosis School of Biological Science, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, 412115 Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla N.H. No. 8A, Moraiya, Sanand, Ahmedabad 382210, India
| | - Datta Madamwar
- Post-Graduate Department of Biosciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Satellite Campus, Vadtal Road, Sardar Patel University, Bakrol, 388315 Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Shree A. N. Patel PG Institute of Science and Research, Sardar Patel University, Anand 388001, Gujarat, India.
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Tripathi RKP, Ayyannan SR. Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors as potential neurotherapeutic agents: An overview and update. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1603-1706. [PMID: 30604512 DOI: 10.1002/med.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have made significant contributions and remain an indispensable approach of molecular and mechanistic diversity for the discovery of antineurodegenerative drugs. However, their usage has been hampered by nonselective and/or irreversible action which resulted in drawbacks like liver toxicity, cheese effect, and so forth. Hence, the search for selective MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) has become a substantial focus in current drug discovery. This review summarizes our current understanding on MAO-A/MAO-B including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and biological functions with emphases on the role of MAO-B as a potential therapeutic target for the development of medications treating neurodegenerative disorders. It also highlights the recent developments in the discovery of potential MAO-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) belonging to diverse chemical scaffolds, arising from intensive chemical-mechanistic and computational studies documented during past 3 years (2015-2018), with emphases on their potency and selectivity. Importantly, readers will gain knowledge of various newly established MAO-BI scaffolds and their development potentials. The comprehensive information provided herein will hopefully accelerate ideas for designing novel selective MAO-BIs with superior activity profiles and critical discussions will inflict more caution in the decision-making process in the MAOIs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rati Kailash Prasad Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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12
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Sharma P, Srivastava P, Seth A, Tripathi PN, Banerjee AG, Shrivastava SK. Comprehensive review of mechanisms of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic strategies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 174:53-89. [PMID: 30599179 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia in an aging population worldwide. The enormous challenge which AD possesses to global healthcare makes it as urgent as ever for the researchers to develop innovative treatment strategies to fight this disease. An in-depth analysis of the extensive available data associated with the AD is needed for a more comprehensive understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological pathways associated with the onset and progression of the AD. The currently understood pathological and biochemical manifestations include cholinergic, Aβ, tau, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, ApoE, CREB signaling pathways, insulin resistance, etc. However, these hypotheses have been criticized with several conflicting reports for their involvement in the disease progression. Several issues need to be addressed such as benefits to cost ratio with cholinesterase therapy, the dilemma of AChE selectivity over BChE, BBB permeability of peptidic BACE-1 inhibitors, hurdles related to the implementation of vaccination and immunization therapy, and clinical failure of candidates related to newly available targets. The present review provides an insight to the different molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the AD and potential therapeutic strategies, enlightening perceptions into structural information of conventional and novel targets along with the successful applications of computational approaches for the design of target-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pavan Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Ankit Seth
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Prabhash Nath Tripathi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Anupam G Banerjee
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Sushant K Shrivastava
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India.
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13
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del Pino J, Marco-Contelles J, López-Muñoz F, Romero A, Ramos E. Neuroinflammation Signaling Modulated by ASS234, a Multitarget Small Molecule for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2880-2885. [PMID: 30048111 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is clear evidence that neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, modulating the inflammatory environment in brain has become a powerful and attractive strategy to deal with Alzheimer's disease physiopathology. In spite of the neuroprotective capacity shown by ASS234, a multitarget propargylamine targeted for Alzheimer's disease, its regulation of inflammation in the brain still remains unexplored. Therefore, we aimed to characterize possible anti-inflammatory effects of ASS234, counteracting induced inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells and evaluating seven neuroinflammation related genes expression profiling (IL-6, IL-10, IL1β, NF-κB, TNF-α, TNFR1, and TGF-β), after ASS234 (5 μM) treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. The analysis of the obtained fold changes lead us to conclude that ASS234 may play an important role facing the neuroinflammatory environment in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier del Pino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, “Hospital 12 de Octubre” Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Ramos E, Romero A, Marco-Contelles J, López-Muñoz F, Del Pino J. Modulation of Heat Shock Response Proteins by ASS234, Targeted for Neurodegenerative Diseases Therapy. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:839-842. [PMID: 30133257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ASS234 is a new multitarget molecule with multiple neuroprotective actions that significantly elevate mRNA levels of NRF2 and HSF1 transcriptional factors and of HSP105, HSP90AB1, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, HSPA5, HSPA8, HSPA9, HSP60, DNAJA1, DNAJB1, DNAJB6, DNAJC3, DNAJC5, DNAJC6, HSPB1, HSPB2, HSPB5, HSPB6, HSPB8, and HSP10 heat shock proteins (HSPs) family members in SH-SY5Y cells. This NRF2 and HSF1 overexpression may explain the upregulation of both the antioxidant enzymes previously described and the members of the HSPs family observed. These findings suggest that ASS234 is a potent HSPs inductor, which might be beneficial for preventing protein misfolding aggregation and cell death in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (IQOG, CSIC) , C/Juan de la Cierva 3 , 28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- School of Health , Camilo José Cela University , Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid , Spain.,Neuropsychopharmacology Unit , "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute , 28041 Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier Del Pino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Complutense University of Madrid , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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15
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Ramos E, Marco-Contelles J, López-Muñoz F, Romero A. In silico assessment of the metabolism and its safety significance of multitarget propargylamine ASS234. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:981-983. [PMID: 29808538 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ramos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC) Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain.,Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, "Hospital 12 de Octubre" Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Identification of a Quality Marker (Q-Marker) of Danhong Injection by the Zebrafish Thrombosis Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091443. [PMID: 28858254 PMCID: PMC6151580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality-marker (Q-marker) is an emerging concept to ensure the quality and batch-to-batch consistency of Chinese medicine (CM). However, significant difficulties remain in the identification of Q-markers due to the unclear relationship between complex chemical compositions and the pharmacological efficacy of CM. In the present study, we proposed a novel strategy to identify the potential Q-marker of danhong injection (DHI) by an in vivo zebrafish thrombosis model. The anti-thrombotic effects of DHI and its major constituents were evaluated by the zebrafish model of arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombosis. The results indicated that DHI can attenuate tail venous thrombus and recover the decrease of heart red blood cell (RBC) intensity in a dose-dependent manner. The result that DHI prevented the formulation of thrombosis in zebrafish was also validated in the zebrafish thrombosis model with green fluorescence protein (GFP)-labeled hemoglobin. The major components of DHI, namely danshen (DS) and honghua (HH), as well as the major chemical constituents of DHI, also exerted anti-thrombotic effects, among which rosmarinic acid (RA) and p-coumaric acid (pCA) showed moderate anti-thrombotic effects. This is the first time that pCA from HH has been found as an active compound exerting an anti-thrombotic effect in a dose-dependent manner, whose IC50 value is approximately 147 μg/mL. By analyzing 10 batches of normal DHI samples and five abnormal samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we found the contents of pCA and RA can be positively correlated to the anti-thrombotic effect of DHI, suggesting that pCA and RA could be potential Q-markers of DHI to ensure batch-to-batch consistency. Our findings illustrated that discovering major active compounds from CM by in vivo pharmacological models can be a useful approach to identifying Q-markers of CM, and in vivo pharmacological models can be a potential tool to evaluate batch-to-batch consistency of CMs.
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Dual inhibitors of cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases for Alzheimer’s disease. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:811-832. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a solid relationship between several enzymes and Alzheimer’s disease. Cholinesterases and monoamine oxidases are closely associated with the disease symptomatology and progression and have been tackled simultaneously using several multifunctional ligands. This design strategy offers great chances to alter the course of Alzheimer’s disease, in addition to alleviation of the symptoms. More than 15 years of research has led to the identification of various dual cholinesterase/monoamine oxidase inhibitors, while some showing positive outcomes in clinical trials, thus giving rise to additional research efforts in the field. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the novel dual inhibitors identified recently and to shed light on their therapeutic potential.
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Esteban G, Van Schoors J, Sun P, Van Eeckhaut A, Marco-Contelles J, Smolders I, Unzeta M. In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of the modulatory effects of the multitarget compound ASS234 on the monoaminergic system. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:314-324. [PMID: 28134992 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo effects on monoaminergic neurotransmission of ASS234, a promising multitarget-directed ligand (MTDL), for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. METHODS In vitro was explored the effect of ASS234 on the monoaminergic metabolism in SH-SY5Y and PC12 cell lines, and remaining activity of both monoamine oxidase (MAO) isoforms was assessed. The corresponding dopamine (DA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and noradrenaline (NA) levels were determined by HPLC-ED. In-vivo experiments were carried out Wistar rats and intracerebral guide cannulas were implanted in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex by sterotaxic coordinates. The day after microdialysis samples were collected and levels of 5-HT, DA and NA were determined by (UHPLC) with electrochemical detector. KEY FINDINGS ASS234 induced a significant increase in serotonin (5-HT) levels in SH-SY5Y cells. In PC12 cells, ASS234 increased significantly the ratio of dopamine (DA)/(HVA + DOPAC), although no apparent differences in (NA) were observed. By in-vivo microdialysis, ASS234 showed a significant increase in the extracellular levels of 5-HT and NA in hippocampus whereas in the prefrontal cortex, DA and NA also increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the ability of ASS234 a MTDL compound, to enhance the monoaminergic neurotransmission supporting its potential use in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Esteban
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Jolien Van Schoors
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis (FASC), Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Ping Sun
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis (FASC), Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | | | - Ilse Smolders
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis (FASC), Experimental Pharmacology, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Mercedes Unzeta
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
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Unzeta M, Esteban G, Bolea I, Fogel WA, Ramsay RR, Youdim MBH, Tipton KF, Marco-Contelles J. Multi-Target Directed Donepezil-Like Ligands for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:205. [PMID: 27252617 PMCID: PMC4879129 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS ASS234 is a MTDL compound containing a moiety from Donepezil and the propargyl group from the PF 9601N, a potent and selective MAO B inhibitor. This compound is the most advanced anti-Alzheimer agent for preclinical studies identified in our laboratory.Derived from ASS234 both multipotent donepezil-indolyl (MTDL-1) and donepezil-pyridyl hybrids (MTDL-2) were designed and evaluated as inhibitors of AChE/BuChE and both MAO isoforms. MTDL-2 showed more high affinity toward the four enzymes than MTDL-1.MTDL-3 and MTDL-4, were designed containing the N-benzylpiperidinium moiety from Donepezil, a metal- chelating 8-hydroxyquinoline group and linked to a N-propargyl core and they were pharmacologically evaluated.The presence of the cyano group in MTDL-3, enhanced binding to AChE, BuChE and MAO A. It showed antioxidant behavior and it was able to strongly complex Cu(II), Zn(II) and Fe(III).MTDL-4 showed higher affinity toward AChE, BuChE.MTDL-3 exhibited good brain penetration capacity (ADMET) and less toxicity than Donepezil. Memory deficits in scopolamine-lesioned animals were restored by MTDL-3.MTDL-3 particularly emerged as a ligand showing remarkable potential benefits for its use in AD therapy. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of adult onset dementia, is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss, decline in language skills, and other cognitive impairments. Although its etiology is not completely known, several factors including deficits of acetylcholine, β-amyloid deposits, τ-protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are considered to play significant roles in the pathophysiology of this disease. For a long time, AD patients have been treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil (Aricept®) but with limited therapeutic success. This might be due to the complex multifactorial nature of AD, a fact that has prompted the design of new Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDL) based on the "one molecule, multiple targets" paradigm. Thus, in this context, different series of novel multifunctional molecules with antioxidant, anti-amyloid, anti-inflammatory, and metal-chelating properties able to interact with multiple enzymes of therapeutic interest in AD pathology including acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidases A and B have been designed and assessed biologically. This review describes the multiple targets, the design rationale and an in-house MTDL library, bearing the N-benzylpiperidine motif present in donepezil, linked to different heterocyclic ring systems (indole, pyridine, or 8-hydroxyquinoline) with special emphasis on compound ASS234, an N-propargylindole derivative. The description of the in vitro biological properties of the compounds and discussion of the corresponding structure-activity-relationships allows us to highlight new issues for the identification of more efficient MTDL for use in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Unzeta
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Esteban
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Irene Bolea
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Wieslawa A. Fogel
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of LodzLodz, Poland
| | - Rona R. Ramsay
- Biomolecular Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St AndrewsSt. Andrews, UK
| | - Moussa B. H. Youdim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf and National Parkinson Foundation Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases ResearchHaifa, Israel
| | - Keith F. Tipton
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of General Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research CouncilMadrid, Spain
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