Olive leaf extract attenuates adriamycin-induced focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats via suppression of oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, and fibrosis.
Phytother Res 2020;
35:1534-1545. [PMID:
33098170 DOI:
10.1002/ptr.6920]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract (OLE) possesses powerful antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim was to investigated the effects of OLE on the hyperlipidemia, antioxidant defense, heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase (HO/BVR) pathway, inflammation, and fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, a progressive form of chronic kidney disease) induced by adriamycin (2 mg/kg, i.v., twice in a 21-day period). Daily treatment of OLE (80 mg/kg, p.o.) for 6 weeks suppressed protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation (p < .01 and p < .001, respectively), significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activities and normalized antioxidant capacity, leading to the improvement of antioxidant defense independently of the HO/BVR pathway. Furthermore, the values of triglycerides (p < .01), total, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < .05, both) were improved by OLE. OLE strongly prevented glomerulosclerosis, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis (renal injury score, FSGS: 8 ± 0.45 vs. FSGS+OLE: 4.20 ± 1.07; p < .01), as evidenced by normalized fibronectin content (p < .001), suppressed interstitial inflammatory cells infiltration and collagen deposition, without changing cytokines expressions. OLE decreased blood pressure with a tendency to reduce urine albumin loss. These data suggest that OLE may be effective in slowing down the progression of FSGS.
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