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Silva ALP, Lima EF, Silva Filho GM, Ferreira LC, Campos BDA, Bison I, Brasil AWDL, Parentoni RN, Feitosa TF, Vilela VLR. Seroepidemiological Survey of Anti- Toxoplasma gondii and Anti- Neospora caninum Antibodies in Domestic Cats ( Felis catus) in Rolim de Moura, State of Rondônia, North Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:220. [PMID: 37104346 PMCID: PMC10146584 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on infections by Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in cats in the North Region of Brazil are scarce. We intended to assess the seroprevalence in cats of anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum antibodies, as well as the associated risk factors that may lead them to contract these infections in Rolim de Moura, state of Rondônia, North Brazil. For this, blood serum samples of 100 cats from different regions of the city were evaluated. To assess possible factors associated with infections, epidemiological questionnaires were applied to tutors. The Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) was performed for anti-T. gondii (cutoff 1:16) and anti-N. caninum (cutoff 1:50) antibodies. After identifying the positive samples, antibody titration was performed. The results showed the prevalence of 26% (26/100) of anti-T. gondii antibodies, with titration varying between 1:16 to 1:8192. There were no factors associated with the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in the multivariate analysis in this study. There was no occurrence of seropositive cats for anti-N. caninum. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in cats in Rolim de Moura, state of Rondônia, North Brazil. However, the evaluated animals did not present anti-N. caninum antibodies. Therefore, knowing that T. gondii has different transmission forms, we emphasize the importance of spreading more information to the population about cat's relevance in the T. gondii life cycle and how to avoid the parasite transmission and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luzia Peixoto Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba-IFPB, Sousa 58807-630, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Estefany Ferreira Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba-IFPB, Sousa 58807-630, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Claudino Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-UFCG, Patos 58708-110, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Beatriz de Andrade Campos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Rondônia-UNIR, Rolim de Moura 76940-000, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Ividy Bison
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Rondônia-UNIR, Rolim de Moura 76940-000, Rondônia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thais Ferreira Feitosa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba-IFPB, Sousa 58807-630, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto Federal da Paraíba-IFPB, Sousa 58807-630, Paraíba, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Saúde Animal, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-UFCG, Patos 58708-110, Paraíba, Brazil
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Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Role of Felids as Intermediate Hosts in the Life Cycle of Neospora caninum Based on Serological Data. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:266-276. [PMID: 36710305 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neosporosis is an important widespread parasitic infection caused by N. caninum. It infects a wide range of warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts and dogs as the definitive host. Nevertheless, there are a number of questions regarding the life cycle and epidemiological aspects of N. caninum. Also, the role of felids (domestic and non-domestic) in the life cycle of N. caninum has been little described. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the global prevalence of N. caninum in domestic and wild felids. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases were searched for articles published on the prevalence of N. caninum in felids until Aprill 2, 2022 and the reference lists of retrieved articles were screened. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q and the I2 statistic. RESULTS After exclusion of irrelevant articles and duplication removal, 30 studies were eligible for quantitative analysis including 20 studies on domestic cats and 10 studies on wild felids. The overall prevalence of neosporosis infection in cats was 15% (95% CI 10-21%) that was significantly higher in wild felids (26%, 95% CI 13-38%) than in domestic cats (11%, 95% CI 6-16%) (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in pooled prevalence between male and female domestic cats (P = 0.75). Regarding continent, the lowest prevalence of neosporosis infection was in Asia (9%, 95% CI 1-20%) and the highest was in North America (43.6%, 95% CI 33.9-53.2%) and Africa (18%, 95% CI 9-46%). Higher prevalence was obtained when using the NAT with 22% (95% CI 7-37%), compared to the IFAT (17%, 95% CI 9-24%) and ELISA (6%, 95% CI 2-9%) (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The findings highlighted the importance of felids as potential intermediate hosts of neosporosis despite the fact that the source of the parasite for these animals was unknown. Further studies should be performed to investigate the role of this top predator (felids) in maintaining both domestic and sylvatic cycles of Neospora caninum.
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Yang J, Ai J, Qi T, Ni X, Xu Z, Guo L, Sun Y, Li Y, Kang M, Li J. Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Infections in Stray Cats and Dogs in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area, China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111390. [PMID: 35681854 PMCID: PMC9179287 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diseases caused by parasites have introduced serious threats to human health and the development of animal husbandry in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA), such as toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii and neosporosis caused by Neospora caninum. However, information on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in stray cats and dogs which are the definitive hosts of T. gondii and N. caninum in the QTPA is limited. The aim of this study was to establish a detailed record of the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in serum samples and the molecular epidemiology in feces from stray cats and dogs in the plateau area. The results revealed that stray cats and dogs in the QTPA, China present both T. gondii and N. caninum infection through the antibodies and antigen detection of the indirect ELISA tests and qPCRs. The present study suggests the prevalence of acute neosporosis and chronic re-emergence of toxoplasmosis in stray cats and dogs in the testing area. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. gondii and N. caninum infection in cats and dogs in the QTPA, and the first determination of N. caninum infection in cats in China. In conclusion, stray cats and dogs play key roles in the transmission and prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in the plateau area. Abstract Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum belong to the Apicomplexan protozoa which is an obligate intracellular parasite, causing toxoplasmosis and neosporosis throughout the world. Cats and dogs are the definitive hosts of these two parasites. However, information on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in stray cats and dogs in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA) is limited, and little is known about the diversity of the diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform indirect ELISA tests based on recombinant TgSAG1, TgGRA1, NcSAG1 and NcGRA7 proteins to establish a detailed record of the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum-specific IgG and IgM antibodies in serum samples and to develop qPCR amplification based on TgB1 and NcNc5 genes to conduct molecular epidemiology in feces from stray cats and dogs in the QTPA. In the current study, a total of 128 cat serum samples were analyzed through serological tests in which 53 (41.4%) and 57 (44.5%) samples were found positive for T. gondii specific-IgG and IgM antibodies, and 2 (1.6%) and 74 (57.8%) samples were confirmed positive for N. caninum specific-IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Out of 224 stray dog sera, 59.8% and 58.9% were recorded as positive against anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies, 17.9% and 64.7% were detected positive against Neospora IgG and IgM. On the other hand, 1 of 18 cat fecal samples was successfully amplified within the Ct value of 10 to 30 while no cat was positive for neosporosis. Moreover, a higher prevalence of toxoplasmosis in stray dogs (14.5%, 16/110) than of neosporosis (5.5%, 6/110) with different parasite numbers were found. Further analysis showed that no significant sex differences were found nor between the overall infection rates of T. gondii and N. caninum in this study. This study suggests that stray cats and dogs play key roles in the transmission and prevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in the plateau area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jingkai Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Tongsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xiaomin Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zichun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Liangting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yali Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Diseases and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Ming Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jixu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (J.Y.); (J.A.); (T.Q.); (X.N.); (Z.X.); (L.G.); (Y.S.); (Y.L.); (M.K.)
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogen Diagnosis for Animal Diseases and Green Technical Research for Prevention and Control, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence:
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Lima DCVDE, Melo RPBDE, Andrade MR, DE Alcântara AM, Magalhães FJR, Carvalho JCS, Silva RADA, Costa MMDA, Mota RA. Low frequency of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum in rodents in Fernando de Noronha Island, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20190439. [PMID: 31800709 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920190439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of Neospora caninum antibodies in rodents from the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil, and to contribute to epidemiological data on neosporosis in this region. Blood samples were collected from 154 black-rats (Rattus rattus) and 12 rock-cavies (Kerodon rupestris). The search for anti-N. caninum antibodies was made using the NAT technique, with a cut-off of 1:20. The frequency of positive mice was 5.19% (8/154 - 1:20 titer) and all rock-cavies were negative. The low frequency of antibodies against N. caninum in rodents found in the Island shows the low contamination of the environment where these animals live.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora C V DE Lima
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Renata P B DE Melo
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Muller R Andrade
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Adrianne M DE Alcântara
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Departamento de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Alagoas/UFAL, Fazenda São Luiz, s/n, 57700-000 Viçosa, AL, Brazil
| | - Fernando Jorge R Magalhães
- Unidade de Vigilância em Saúde, Distrito Estadual de Fernando de Noronha, BR 363, s/n, Floresta Nova, 53990-000 Fernando de Noronha, PE, Brazil
| | - Jéssica C S Carvalho
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Renato A DA Silva
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mateus M DA Costa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco/UNIVASF, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, 56304-917 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo A Mota
- Laboratório de Doenças Infectocontagiosas dos Animais Domésticos, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária. Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/SEDE, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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