1
|
Wang Y, Song H, Yu L, Wu N, Zheng X, Liang B, Wang P. A novel mutation in SPINK5 gene underlies a case of atypical Netherton syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:943264. [PMID: 36159989 PMCID: PMC9500337 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.943264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS, OMIM #256500) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by a triad of congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) or ichthyosis linearis circumflexa (ILC), trichorrhexis invaginata (TI), and atopic predisposition. The disease is caused by a mutation in the SPINK5 gene (serine protease inhibitor of Kazal type 5) encoding LEKTI (lymphoepithelial Kazal type-related inhibitor). We performed whole-exome sequencing on one Chinese NS family and made genotype–phenotype correlation analysis on the patients clinically diagnosed with NS or congenital ichthyosis erythroderma. We identified a novel frameshift mutation c.2474_2475del (p.Glu825Glyfs*2) in the SPINK5 gene. The N-terminal mutations of LEKTI cause a severer phenotype, while the C-terminal mutations of LEKT1 are related to a milder phenotype. Our findings suggest that Netherton syndrome may be underestimated clinically, and our findings further expand the reservoir of SPINK5 mutations in Netherton syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Hanqing Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Peiguang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Peiguang Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williams MR, Cau L, Wang Y, Kaul D, Sanford JA, Zaramela LS, Khalil S, Butcher AM, Zengler K, Horswill AR, Dupont CL, Hovnanian A, Gallo RL. Interplay of Staphylococcal and Host Proteases Promotes Skin Barrier Disruption in Netherton Syndrome. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2923-2933.e7. [PMID: 32130897 PMCID: PMC7183042 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a monogenic skin disease resulting from loss of function of lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related protease inhibitor (LEKTI-1). In this study we examine if bacteria residing on the skin are influenced by the loss of LEKTI-1 and if interaction between this human gene and resident bacteria contributes to skin disease. Shotgun sequencing of the skin microbiome demonstrates that lesional skin of NS subjects is dominated by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Isolates of either species from NS subjects are able to induce skin inflammation and barrier damage on mice. These microbes promote skin inflammation in the setting of LEKTI-1 deficiency due to excess proteolytic activity promoted by S. aureus phenol-soluble modulin α as well as increased bacterial proteases staphopain A and B from S. aureus or EcpA from S. epidermidis. These findings demonstrate the critical need for maintaining homeostasis of host and microbial proteases to prevent a human skin disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Laura Cau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; SILAB, R&D Department, Brive, France.
| | - Yichen Wang
- INSERM, UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Drishti Kaul
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Livia S Zaramela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shadi Khalil
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Anna M Butcher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karsten Zengler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Veterans Affairs Denver Health Care System, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora 80045, CO, USA
| | | | - Alain Hovnanian
- INSERM, UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetic Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute and Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Richard L Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mintoff D, Borg I, Vornweg J, Mercieca L, Merdzanic R, Numrich J, Aquilina S, Pace NP, Fischer J. A novel SPINK5 donor splice site variant in a child with Netherton syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1611. [PMID: 33534181 PMCID: PMC8104165 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Netherton syndrome (NS) is a genodermatosis caused by loss-of-function mutations in SPINK5, resulting in aberrant LEKTI expression. METHOD Next-generation sequencing of SPINK5 (NM_001127698.1) was carried out and functional studies were performed by immunofluorescence microscopy of a lesional skin biopsy using anti-LEKTI antibodies. RESULTS We describe a novel SPINK5 likely pathogenic donor splice site variant (NM_001127698.1:c.2015+5G>A) in a patient with NS and confirm its functional significance by demonstrating complete loss of LEKTI expression in lesional skin by immunofluorescence analysis. CONCLUSION The 2015+5G>A is a novel, likely pathogenic variant in NS. Herein we review and assimilate documented SPINK5 pathogenic variants and discuss possible genotype-phenotype associations in NS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon Mintoff
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Isabella Borg
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Julia Vornweg
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Liam Mercieca
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | | | | | - Susan Aquilina
- Department of Dermatology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Nikolai Paul Pace
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Judith Fischer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A New Splice-site Mutation of SPINK5 Gene in the Netherton Syndrome with Different Clinical Features: A Case Report. Balkan J Med Genet 2020; 23:91-94. [PMID: 32953415 PMCID: PMC7474220 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Netherton syndrome (NS) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by the triad of ichthyosiform erythroderma, hair shaft abnormality and an atopic diathesis. We report a case of a 20-year-old male patient presented with pruritus, decreased sweat secretion and generalized erythema on his body. Netherton syndrome is caused by mutations in the SPINK5 gene that is a crucial role for epidermal barrier function in the skin. Different clinical and phenotypical features can occur based on various LEKTI-domains mutations. Diagnosis is made by the atopic story, hair shaft abnormality, cutaneous lesions and identification of the SPINK5 gene mutation. In our patient, we detected a new splice site mutation in the SPINK5 gene and pili annulati as hair abnormality. Affected patients are usually misdiagnosed because of cutaneous lesions such as atopic dermatitis. Therefore, each clinical finding should be evaluated together. We aimed to present a case with a new SPINK5 gene mutation and different clinical features in NS.
Collapse
|