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Herz S, Vogel P, Kampf T, Dietrich P, Veldhoen S, Rückert MA, Kickuth R, Behr VC, Bley TA. Magnetic Particle Imaging-Guided Stenting. J Endovasc Ther 2019; 26:512-519. [PMID: 31131684 DOI: 10.1177/1526602819851202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:To assess the feasibility of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) to guide stenting in a phantom model. Materials and Methods: MPI is a new tomographic imaging method based on the background-free magnetic field detection of a tracer agent composed of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). All experiments were conducted on a custom-built MPI scanner (field of view: 29-mm diameter, 65-mm length; isotropic spatial resolution 1-1.5-mm). Stenosis phantoms (n=3) consisted of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes (8-mm inner diameter) prepared with centrally aligned cable binders to form a ~50% stenosis. A dedicated image reconstruction algorithm allowed precise tracking of endovascular instruments at 8 frames/s with a latency time of ~115 ms. A custom-made MPI-visible lacquer was used to manually label conventional guidewires, balloon catheters, and stainless steel balloon-expandable stents. Vascular stenoses were visualized by injecting a diluted SPIO tracer (ferucarbotran, 10 mmol iron/L) into the vessel phantoms. Balloon angioplasty and stent placement were performed by inflating balloon catheters and stent delivery balloons with diluted ferucarbotran. Results: After deployment of the stent, the markers on its ends were clearly visible. The applied lacquer markers were thin enough to not relevantly alter gliding properties of the devices while withstanding friction during the experiments. Placing an optimized flexible lacquer formulation on the preexisting radiopaque stent markers provided enough stability to withstand stent expansion. Final MPA confirmed successful stenosis treatment, facilitated by the disappearance of the lacquer markers on the stent due to differences in SPIO concentration. Thus, the in-stent lumen could be visualized without interference by the signal from the markers. Conclusion: Near real-time visualization of MPI-guided stenting of stenoses in a phantom model is feasible. Optimized MPI-visible markers can withstand the expansion process of stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Herz
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Würzburg, Germany.,2 Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Vogel
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Würzburg, Germany.,3 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kampf
- 3 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Würzburg, Germany.,4 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Dietrich
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simon Veldhoen
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Rückert
- 3 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Kickuth
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker C Behr
- 3 Department of Experimental Physics 5 (Biophysics), University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten A Bley
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Würzburg, Germany
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Haegele J, Panagiotopoulos N, Cremers S, Rahmer J, Franke J, Duschka RL, Vaalma S, Heidenreich M, Borgert J, Borm P, Barkhausen J, Vogt FM. Magnetic Particle Imaging: A Resovist Based Marking Technology for Guide Wires and Catheters for Vascular Interventions. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:2312-2318. [PMID: 27164580 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2016.2559538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is able to provide high temporal and good spatial resolution, high signal to noise ratio and sensitivity. Furthermore, it is a truly quantitative method as its signal strength is proportional to the concentration of its tracer, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), over a wide range practically relevant concentrations. Thus, MPI is proposed as a promising future method for guidance of vascular interventions. To implement this, devices such as guide wires and catheters have to be discernible in MPI, which can be achieved by coating already commercially available devices with SPIOs. In this proof of principle study the feasibility of that approach is demonstrated. First, a Ferucarbotran-based SPIO-varnish was developed by embedding Ferucarbotran into an organic based solvent. Subsequently, the biocompatible varnish was applied to a commercially available guidewire and diagnostic catheter for vascular interventional purposes. In an interventional setting using a vessel phantom, the coating proved to be mechanically and chemically stable and thin enough to ensure normal handling as with uncoated devices. The devices were visualized in 3D on a preclinical MPI demonstrator using a system function based image reconstruction process. The system function was acquired with a probe of the dried varnish prior to the measurements. The devices were visualized with a very high temporal resolution and a simple catheter/guide wire maneuver was demonstrated.
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Salamon J, Hofmann M, Jung C, Kaul MG, Werner F, Them K, Reimer R, Nielsen P, vom Scheidt A, Adam G, Knopp T, Ittrich H. Magnetic Particle / Magnetic Resonance Imaging: In-Vitro MPI-Guided Real Time Catheter Tracking and 4D Angioplasty Using a Road Map and Blood Pool Tracer Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156899. [PMID: 27249022 PMCID: PMC4889036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In-vitro evaluation of the feasibility of 4D real time tracking of endovascular devices and stenosis treatment with a magnetic particle imaging (MPI) / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) road map approach and an MPI-guided approach using a blood pool tracer. Materials and Methods A guide wire and angioplasty-catheter were labeled with a thin layer of magnetic lacquer. For real time MPI a custom made software framework was developed. A stenotic vessel phantom filled with saline or superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MM4) was equipped with bimodal fiducial markers for co-registration in preclinical 7T MRI and MPI. In-vitro angioplasty was performed inflating the balloon with saline or MM4. MPI data were acquired using a field of view of 37.3×37.3×18.6 mm3 and a frame rate of 46 volumes/sec. Analysis of the magnetic lacquer-marks on the devices were performed with electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry and micro-computed tomography. Results Magnetic marks allowed for MPI/MRI guidance of interventional devices. Bimodal fiducial markers enable MPI/MRI image fusion for MRI based roadmapping. MRI roadmapping and the blood pool tracer approach facilitate MPI real time monitoring of in-vitro angioplasty. Successful angioplasty was verified with MPI and MRI. Magnetic marks consist of micrometer sized ferromagnetic plates mainly composed of iron and iron oxide. Conclusions 4D real time MP imaging, tracking and guiding of endovascular instruments and in-vitro angioplasty is feasible. In addition to an approach that requires a blood pool tracer, MRI based roadmapping might emerge as a promising tool for radiation free 4D MPI-guided interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Salamon
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Hofmann
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Jung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gerhard Kaul
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kolja Them
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Microscopy and Image Analysis, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Knopp
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Section for Biomedical Imaging, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ittrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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