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Jiang Z, Lu Y, Shi M, Li H, Duan J, Huang J. Effects of storage temperature, storage time, and hemolysis on the RNA quality of blood specimens: A systematic quantitative assessment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16234. [PMID: 37260878 PMCID: PMC10227325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blood samples are the most common biospecimen in biobanks, and RNA from such blood samples is an important material for biomedical research. High-quality RNA is essential for consistent, reliable results. Preanalytical environmental conditions can affect the quality of blood RNA. Here, we carried out a quantitative assessment of the influence of storage temperature, storage time, and hemolysis on the RNA quality of blood specimens in biobanks. Methods Before RNA purification, blood samples from volunteers were exposed to 4 °C for 2, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h, 3 days, or 1 week, or exposed to room temperature (22-30 °C) for 1, 2, 6, 12, or 24 h. Hemolyzed samples were collected from laboratory department and some of them were prepared using the freeze-thaw method. After exposure to different preanalytical environmental conditions, the RNA simple Total RNA Kit was used to purify the RNA, following which a NanoDrop™ One and Qsep 100 Bio-Fragment Analyzer were used to assess RNA concentration, purity, and integrity. In addition, a part of the RNA was immediately reverse transcribed into cDNA when it was purified, then the relative expression levels of 18S, ACTB, HIF1α, HMOX1, and MKI67 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Finally, 30 blood samples were collected from the surplus samples in our laboratory department to assess their RNA quality without knowledge of their storage conditions (duration/temperature). Results For blood samples stored at 4 °C, there was a significant difference between the RNA integrity after 1 week compared to after 2 h. For blood samples stored at room temperature (22-30 °C), the RNA integrity was also significantly different at 6 h and 0 h. Hemolysis caused by freeze-thawing severely affected RNA quality, whereas clinical hemolysis generally produced no significant effects. Moreover, expression of 18S, ACTB, HIF1α, HMOX1, and MKI67 in whole blood stored under different conditions showed irregular changes, suggesting that preservation conditions are also important for gene expression. Conclusion RNA integrity was qualified for blood samples stored at 4 °C for up to 72 h or at room temperature (22-30 °C) for up to 2 h. Hemolysis usually does not affect the RNA quality of blood samples unless the hemolysis method damages leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Jiang
- Biobank, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Biobank, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Manying Shi
- Biobank, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Central Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Junkai Duan
- Pediatric Heart Disease Treatment Center, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiyi Huang
- Biobank, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, China
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Nikolac Gabaj N, Miler M, Vrtaric A, Celap I, Bocan M, Filipi P, Radisic Biljak V, Simundic AM, Supak Smolcic V, Kocijancic M. Comparison of three different protocols for obtaining hemolysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:714-725. [PMID: 35212494 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hemolysis is associated with erroneous or delayed results. Objectives of the study were to compare four different methods for obtaining hemolysis in vitro on three different analyzers. METHODS Hemolysis was prepared with addition of pure hemoglobin into serum pool, osmotic shock, aspiration through blood collection needle, freezing/thawing of whole blood. Biochemistry parameters were measured in duplicate at Architect c8000 (Abbott, Abbott Park, USA), Beckman Coulter AU680 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, USA) and Cobas 6000 c501 (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), according to manufacturers' declarations. Cut-off value was defined as the highest value of H index with corresponding bias lower than acceptance criteria. RESULTS We were not able to obtain results with freezing protocol. On all three platforms, lowest number of analytes were sensitive to hemolysis at H=0.5 using method of adding free hemoglobin. When osmotic shock was used, cut-off values for the most analytes were generally met at lower values. Hemolysis significantly interfered with measurement of potassium and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) at H=0.5 on all platforms. The most of the tested analytes had the lowest acceptable H index when aspiration method was used. At the low level of hemolysis (H=0.8) glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and LD were affected on all analyzers, with some additional analytes depending on the manufacturer. CONCLUSIONS Hemolysis interference differs on different analyzers and according to protocol for obtaining hemolysis. Aspiration method was generally the most sensitive to hemolysis interference, while addition of free Hb was the most resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Miler
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alen Vrtaric
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Celap
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Bocan
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Polyclinic Salzer, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Filipi
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vanja Radisic Biljak
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana-Maria Simundic
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Supak Smolcic
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Clinical Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Medical Informatics, Rijeka University School of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marija Kocijancic
- Working Group for Preanalytical Phase of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Laboratory, University Clinic Halle, Halle, Germany
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González-Arostegui LG, Muñoz-Prieto A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón JJ, Rubio CP. Measurement of Redox Biomarkers in the Whole Blood and Red Blood Cell Lysates of Dogs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020424. [PMID: 35204305 PMCID: PMC8869394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the biomarkers of oxidative status is usually performed in serum, however, other samples, such as red blood cells (RBCs) lysates or whole blood (WB), can be used. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a comprehensive panel of redox biomarkers can be measured in the WB and RBCs of dogs, and their possible changes “in vitro” after the addition of different concentrations of ascorbic acid. The panel was integrated by biomarkers of the antioxidant status, such as cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol and paraoxonase type 1 (PON-1), and of the oxidant status, such as total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). All the assays were precise and accurate in WB and RBCs lysates. In addition, they showed changes after ascorbic acid addition that are in line with previously published results, being WB more sensitive to detect these changes in our experimental conditions. In conclusion, the panel of assays used in this study can be measured in the WB and RBCs of the dog. In particular, the higher sensitivity to detect changes in our experimental conditions and its easier sample preparation makes WB a promising sample for the evaluation of redox status in dogs, with also potential applications to other animal species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Kalaria T, Gill H, Sharrod-Cole H, Ford C, Gama R. Conflicting effects of haemolysis on plasma sodium and chloride are due to different haemolysis study protocols: A case for standardisation. Ann Clin Biochem 2021; 59:101-109. [PMID: 34747198 DOI: 10.1177/00045632211040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haemolysis has been reported as having a positive, negative or no effect on plasma sodium (PNa) and chloride (PCl). We investigated the haemoltytic effect of different haemolysis protocols on PNa and PCl using modelling and laboratory experiments. METHODS In a modelling experiment, percentage change and recovery due to dilution in routinely (in vitro) haemolysed samples were compared against shear stress haemolysis and samples spiked with haemolysate from whole blood freeze-thaw, packed cells freeze-thaw and osmotic shock protocols. The results were compared against a control base pool. Additionally, for the osmotic shock method, results were compared against saline- and deionised water (DIW)-spiked controls. In a laboratory experiment, percentage change and recovery were similarly compared using haemolysate from whole blood freeze-thaw and osmotic shock protocols. PNa, PCl and H-index were measured on the Abbott Architect and haemoglobin on the Sysmex XN-9000. RESULTS In the modelling experiment, the percentage decrease in PNa and PCl was similar in in vitro haemolysis, shear stress haemolysis, whole blood freeze-thaw haemolysis and packed cells freeze-thaw haemolysis and this was lower compared to the osmotic shock method. In the laboratory experiment, the change in PNa compared to the base pool was less (p < 0.001) per unit increase in H-index in the freeze-thaw method (-0.33 mmol, 95% CI -0.35 to -0.31) compared to the osmotic shock method (-0.65 mmol, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.64). PCl did not change with haemolysis in the freeze-thaw method and changed by -0.21 ± 0.01 mmol per unit increase in the H-index in the osmotic shock method. Recovery of PNa and PCl increased with increasing H-index in both methods. CONCLUSION The osmotic shock protocol is inappropriate for haemolysis studies because of dilution with DIW used for cell lysis. Recovery calculations may incorrectly compensate for genuine dilution caused by haemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Kalaria
- Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, 8692The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Henry Gill
- Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, 8692The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Hayley Sharrod-Cole
- Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, 8692The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Clare Ford
- Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, 8692The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Rousseau Gama
- Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, 8692The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK.,School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, 8695University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Liu S, Li J, Ning L, Wu D, Wei D. Assessing the influence of true hemolysis occurring in patient samples on emergency clinical biochemistry tests results using the VITROS ® 5600 Integrated system. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:91. [PMID: 34631046 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis is one of the most frequent causes of pre-analytical errors in the emergency department (ED), and it can lead to inaccurate blood results and often requires repeat testing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of true hemolysis occurring in ED blood samples on routine clinical biochemistry tests using the VITROS® 5600 Integrated system. A total of 92 pairs of blood samples were collected from 92 ED patients. Each pair of samples included one hemolyzed sample and one successful (non-hemolyzed) redraw from the same patient. A total of 21 common laboratory analytes and the hemolytic index (HI) were examined. The degree of hemolysis (slight, mild, moderate and heavy) was determined based on the HI. A clinically significant difference in one analyte was defined as a difference greater than its Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA'88) total allowable error (TAE) limits. The results demonstrated that the mean differences in 11 serum analytes (unconjugated bilirubin, Ca2+, equivalent CO2, Cl-, creatinine, glucose, Mg2+, phosphorus, Na+, urea nitrogen and uric acid) in hemolyzed and non-hemolyzed samples were within their CLIA'88 TAE limits, while the differences in the other 10 analytes [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin (ALB), amylase (AMYL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band isoenzyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), K+ and total protein (TP)] in paired samples in at least one of the four groups were greater than their CLIA'88 TAE limits. These results suggest that hemolysis had a notable impact on ALT, ALB, AMYL, AST, TBIL, CK, CK-MB, LDH, K+ and TP levels. Furthermore, for ALT, AMYL, TBIL and TP, wet chemistry methods displayed superior anti-hemolytic ability compared with dry chemistry methods. Notably, a high concentration of AST was less affected by hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Featured Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300072, P.R. China
| | - Li Ning
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Dianjun Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Langfang, Hebei 065201, P.R. China
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Seheult JN, Dalenberg D, Sridharan MR, Stuart M, Moericke K, Cardel L, Heikal N, Chen D, Pruthi RK. Revisiting the effects of spectral interfering substances in optical end-point coagulation assays. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:1181-1190. [PMID: 33455065 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia (HIL) are common pre-analytical variables in the clinical laboratory. Understanding their effects on coagulation laboratory results is essential. METHODS HIL effects on the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), dilute Russell's viper venom time (DRVVT), thrombin time (TT), and protein C chromogenic activity (CFx) were evaluated on the ACL TOP 750 optical analyzer and STA-R Evolution mechanical analyzer (PT and APTT only) by spiking normal donor, patient, and commercial control samples with varying concentrations of hemolysate, bilirubin, or a lipid emulsion. The relative difference or bias compared to the original results was determined. RESULTS Hemolysis (H) indices up to 900 mg/dL did not affect the APTT, PT, DRVVT Confirm, TT, and CFx; however, H indices above approximately 200 mg/dL resulted in a false-negative DRVVT screen and screen/confirm ratio in samples with a lupus anticoagulant. There was an artifactual prolongation of the PT and APTT when conjugated bilirubin was dissolved in aqueous solvents and not when it was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Icterus (I) indices up to 45 mg/dL did not result in significant (>15%) bias for all assays evaluated. The PT and APTT assays failed to produce a robust clot curve when the lipemia (L) index exceeded 6000 milliabsorbance units (mAbs), and the TT and DRVVT assays failed when the L index exceeded 3000 mAbs; the CFx assay was unaffected by lipemia. CONCLUSIONS Verification of the manufacturer's recommended interference thresholds is important since it may avoid inappropriate instrument flagging and/ or sample rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jansen N Seheult
- Vitalant Specialty Labs - Coag & MID, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Dalenberg
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Meera R Sridharan
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa Stuart
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katherine Moericke
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laynalee Cardel
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nahla Heikal
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajiv K Pruthi
- Special Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Hematopathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Gidske G, Aakre KM, Rustad P, Sandberg S, Norling A, Pelanti J, Henriksen G, Thorsteinsdottir I, Kristensen GBB. Handling of hemolyzed serum samples in clinical chemistry laboratories: the Nordic hemolysis project. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1699-1711. [PMID: 31617690 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Some clinical chemistry measurement methods are vulnerable to interference if hemolyzed serum samples are used. The aims of this study were: (1) to obtain updated information about how hemolysis affects clinical chemistry test results on different instrument platforms used in Nordic laboratories, and (2) to obtain data on how test results from hemolyzed samples are reported in Nordic laboratories. Methods Four identical samples containing different degrees of hemolysis were prepared and distributed to 145 laboratories in the Nordic countries. The laboratories were asked to measure the concentration of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb), together with 15 clinical chemistry analytes. In addition, the laboratories completed a questionnaire about how hemolyzed samples are handled and reported. Results Automated detection of hemolysis in all routine patient samples was used by 63% of laboratories, and 88% had written procedures on how to handle hemolyzed samples. The different instrument platforms measured comparable mean Hb concentrations in the four samples. For most analytes, hemolysis caused a homogenous degree of interference regardless of the instrument platform used, except for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin (total) and creatine kinase (CK). The recommended cut-off points for rejection of a result varied substantially between the manufacturers. The laboratories differed in how they reported test results, even when they used the same type of instrument. Conclusions Most of the analytes were homogeneously affected by hemolysis, regardless of the instrument used. There is large variation, however, between the laboratories on how they report test results from hemolyzed samples, even when they use the same type of instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gro Gidske
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Moberg Aakre
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Rustad
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Fürst Medical Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sverre Sandberg
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Norling
- External Quality Assurance in Laboratory Medicine in Sweden (Equalis), Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Gitte Henriksen
- Danish Institute for External Quality Assurance for Laboratories in Health Care (DEKS), Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ingunn Thorsteinsdottir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunn B B Kristensen
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations (Noklus), Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Ni J, Zhu W, Wang Y, Wei X, Li J, Peng L, Zhang K, Bai B. A Reference chart for clinical biochemical tests of hemolyzed serum samples. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23561. [PMID: 32881061 PMCID: PMC7843283 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the effect of hemolysis has been extensively evaluated on clinical biochemical tests, a practical guidance for laboratory staff to rapidly determine whether a hemolyzed blood sample is acceptable and how to interpret the results is lacking. Here, we introduce a chart as a convenient reference for dealing with such samples. Methods Serum samples with 0.1%, 0.3%, 1%, 3%, and 10% hemolysis were prepared from sonicated endogenous red blood cells and received 35 wet and 22 dry clinical biochemical tests, respectively. The contributing part in the biochemical test result at each hemolysis condition was derived by subtracting the original test result of this sample with no hemolysis. The net results were used for analyses and preparation of the reference chart. Results The reference chart displayed the analytically calculated hemolysis interference and related statistical analyses. The chart also provided the color appearance of serum samples at each hemolysis condition for clinical staffs to determine whether a hemolyzed sample could be accepted. Conclusion In clinical laboratories, preparation of such a reference chart is extremely useful in dealing with hemolyzed blood samples for clinical biochemical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyang Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefei Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Center for Precision Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Center for Precision Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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9
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Hedeland Y, Gustafsson CM, Touza Z, Ridefelt P. Hemolysis interference in 10 coagulation assays on an instrument with viscosity‐based, chromogenic, and turbidimetric clot detection. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 42:341-349. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Hedeland
- Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Chemistry Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Zinah Touza
- Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Chemistry Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
| | - Peter Ridefelt
- Department of Medical Sciences Clinical Chemistry Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
- Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden
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