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Shinagawa A, Yamazaki T, Minematsu A, Serizawa N, Hosoi Y, Ninomiya Y, Miyakoshi Y, Yano T, Ota M. Changes in homocysteine and non-mercaptoalbumin levels after acute exercise: a crossover study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 37062848 PMCID: PMC10108454 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00656-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute exercise is one factor that increases blood homocysteine levels, and elevated homocysteine levels cause oxidative stress. Albumin, which is abundant in blood, is an antioxidant, and the redox state of albumin is used as an index of oxidative stress in blood. This study aimed to assess the effect of acute exercise on plasma homocysteine levels and the blood non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio as an oxidative stress marker. METHODS This study used a crossover design with exercise and control conditions. Under exercise conditions, a bicycle ergometer was used to perform 40 min of transient constant-load exercise at 65% heart rate reserve. Under control conditions, participants rested for 40 min. Blood was collected before, 30 min after, and 90 min after exercise, and at the same time points under control conditions. Samples were analyzed for the homocysteine concentration and non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio. RESULTS The results revealed that a 65% heart rate reserve and 40 min of acute exercise increased plasma homocysteine concentration and non-mercaptoalbumin ratio. In the intra-condition comparison, the plasma Hcy concentration was significantly increased at Post 30 min (+ 0.83 ± 0.70 µmol/L, P = 0.003) compared with that at Pre in the exercise condition. Furthermore, 90 min after exercise, the blood non-mercaptoalbumin ratio was significantly increased (+ 0.35 ± 0.71%, P = 0.030) compared to Pre. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the plasma Hcy concentration first increased, and then the non-mercaptoalbumin/mercaptoalbumin ratio increased as the elevated state was maintained. This study revealed that 65% heart rate reserve, 40 min of acute exercise increased plasma Hcy concentration and non-mercaptoalbumin ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiho Shinagawa
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamazaki
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Ayako Minematsu
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Naho Serizawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuri Hosoi
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ninomiya
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Yuichi Miyakoshi
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Department of Nutritional and Health Sciences, Faculty of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Oragunn, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yano
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Masako Ota
- Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Itakura-Cho, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Oragun, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan.
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Dodd FL, Kennedy DO, Stevenson EJ, Veasey RC, Walker K, Reed S, Jackson PA, Haskell-Ramsay CF. Acute and chronic effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation on objective and subjective energy measures. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:16. [PMID: 32123534 PMCID: PMC7038616 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamins and minerals play an essential role within many cellular processes including energy production and metabolism. Previously, supplementation with a multivitamin/mineral (MVM) for ≥28 days resulted in improvements to cognition and subjective state. We have also demonstrated shifts in metabolism during cognitively demanding tasks following MVM in females, both acutely and following 8-week supplementation. The current study aimed to assess these effects further in males and females using metabolically challenging exercise and cognitive tasks. Methods The current randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel groups study investigated the effects of a MVM complex in 82 healthy young (18-35y) exercisers. Subjective ratings and substrate metabolism were assessed during 30 min each of increasingly effortful incremental exercise and demanding cognitive tasks. Assessments took place on acute study days following a single dose (Day 1) of MVM, containing 3 times recommended daily allowance of water-soluble vitamins plus CoQ10, and following 4-week supplementation (Day 28). Results Energy expenditure (EE) was increased during cognitive tasks following MVM across Day 1 and Day 28, with greater effects in males. In males, MVM also increased carbohydrate oxidation and energy expenditure during exercise across Day 1 and Day 28. In females, mental tiredness was lower during exercise; increases in physical tiredness following 30 min of exercise were attenuated; and stress ratings following cognitive tasks were reduced following MVM. In males, MVM only lowered mental tiredness following 10 min of exercise. These effects were apparent irrespective of day, but effects on mental tiredness were greater on Day 28. Ferritin levels were also higher on Day 28 in those receiving MVM. Conclusion These findings extend on existing knowledge, demonstrating increased carbohydrate oxidation and increased energy expenditure in males following MVM supplementation for the first time. Importantly, they show modulation of energy expenditure and subjective tiredness following a single dose, providing further evidence for acute effects of MVM. Differential effects in men and women suggest that sex may play an important role in the effects of MVM on energy metabolism and should be considered in future research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03003442. Registered 22nd November 2016 – retrospectively registered
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Dodd
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - D O Kennedy
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - E J Stevenson
- 2Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - R C Veasey
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - K Walker
- 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - S Reed
- 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - P A Jackson
- 1Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
| | - C F Haskell-Ramsay
- 4Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Upon-Tyne, Newcastle, NE1 8ST UK
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Rehydration during exercise prevents the increase of homocysteine concentrations. Amino Acids 2018; 51:193-204. [PMID: 30264170 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of rehydration during and after acute aerobic submaximal exercise on total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations and related parameters in physically active adult males. Twenty trained males (29.4 ± 7.9 years old) completed four exercise tests: two without rehydration during exercise (NH1 and NH2), one with rehydration during exercise using water (H1) and one with rehydration during exercise using an isotonic sports drink (H2). After finishing the exercise tests, subjects followed a rehydration protocol for 2 h. Serum tHcy, vitamin B12, folate, creatine and creatinine were analysed before, after and at 2, 6 and 24 h after exercise. Data were analysed with and without correcting for haemoconcentration to assess the changes in tHcy related. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677TT genotype was also analysed. THcy (uncorrected by haemoconcentration) increased significantly after exercise (P < 0.05) in the NH1 and NH2 tests [mean increase ± SD: 1.55 ± 0.33 (15.18%) and 1.76 ± 0.25 (17.69%) µmol/L, respectively], while no significant differences were found in the H1 and H2 tests [mean increase: 0.65 (6.29%) and 0.90 (8.69%) μmol/L, respectively]. The increase was partly due to haemoconcentration and partly due to the metabolism underlying acute exercise. THcy concentrations recovered to baseline after 24 h in all tests. In conclusion, adequate rehydration during acute aerobic exercise using either water or a sports drink maintains tHcy concentrations at baseline and for up to 2 h after exercise in physically active male adults and prevents further increases when compared to no rehydration.
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Klemann CJHM, Visser JE, Van Den Bosch L, Martens GJM, Poelmans G. Integrated molecular landscape of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis provides insights into disease etiology. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:203-211. [PMID: 28035716 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe, progressive and ultimately fatal motor neuron disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but its underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. To gain insight into the etiology of ALS, we here conducted genetic network and literature analyses of the top-ranked findings from six genome-wide association studies of sporadic ALS (involving 3589 cases and 8577 controls) as well as genes implicated in ALS etiology through other evidence, including familial ALS candidate gene association studies. We integrated these findings into a molecular landscape of ALS that allowed the identification of three main processes that interact with each other and are crucial to maintain axonal functionality, especially of the long axons of motor neurons, i.e. (1) Rho-GTPase signaling; (2) signaling involving the three regulatory molecules estradiol, folate, and methionine; and (3) ribonucleoprotein granule functioning and axonal transport. Interestingly, estradiol signaling is functionally involved in all three cascades and as such an important mediator of the molecular ALS landscape. Furthermore, epidemiological findings together with an analysis of possible gender effects in our own cohort of sporadic ALS patients indicated that estradiol may be a protective factor, especially for bulbar-onset ALS. Taken together, our molecular landscape of ALS suggests that abnormalities within three interconnected molecular processes involved in the functioning and maintenance of motor neuron axons are important in the etiology of ALS. Moreover, estradiol appears to be an important modulator of the ALS landscape, providing important clues for the development of novel disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J H M Klemann
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J E Visser
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - L Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven and VIB, Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Poelmans
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Deminice R, Ribeiro DF, Frajacomo FTT. The Effects of Acute Exercise and Exercise Training on Plasma Homocysteine: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151653. [PMID: 26986570 PMCID: PMC4795785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although studies have demonstrated that physical exercise alters homocysteine levels in the blood, meta-analyses of the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on homocysteine blood concentration have not been performed, especially regarding the duration and intensity of exercise, which could affect homocysteine levels differently. Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to ascertain the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on homocysteine levels in the blood. Method A review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses using the online databases PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and SciELO to identify relevant studies published through June 2015. Review Manager was used to calculate the effect size of acute exercise and exercise training using the change in Hcy plasmaserum concentration from baseline to post-acute exercise and trained vs. sedentary control groups, respectively. Weighted mean differences were calculated using random effect models. Results Given the abundance of studies, acute exercise trials were divided into two subgroups according to exercise volume and intensity, whereas the effects of exercise training were analyzed together. Overall, 22 studies with a total of 520 participants indicated increased plasma homocysteine concentration after acute exercise (1.18 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.71 to 1.65, p < .01). Results of a subgroup analysis indicated that either long-term exercise of low-to-moderate intensity (1.39 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.9 to 1.89, p < .01) or short-term exercise of high intensity (0.83 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.19 to 1.40, p < .01) elevated homocysteine levels in the blood. Increased homocysteine induced by exercise was significantly associated with volume of exercise, but not intensity. By contrast, resistance training reduced plasma homocysteine concentration (-1.53 μmol/L, 95% CI: -2.77 to -0.28, p = .02), though aerobic training did not. The cumulative results of the seven studies with a total of 230 participants in exercise training analysis did not demonstrate a significant impact on homocysteine levels in the blood (-0.56 μmol/L, 95% CI: -1.61 to 0.50, p = .23). Conclusions Current evidence demonstrates that acute exercise increases homocysteine levels in the blood independent of exercise duration and intensity. Resistance, but not aerobic training decreases plasma homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina-PR, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Diogo Farias Ribeiro
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina-PR, Brazil
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Kim YN, Hwang JH, Cho YO. The effects of exercise training and acute exercise duration on plasma folate and vitamin B12. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:161-6. [PMID: 27087899 PMCID: PMC4819126 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Energy production and the rebuilding and repair of muscle tissue by physical activity require folate and vitamin B12 as a cofactor. Thus, this study investigated the effects of regular moderate exercise training and durations of acute aerobic exercise on plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations in moderate exercise trained rats. MATERIALS/METHODS Fifty rats underwent non-exercise training (NT, n = 25) and regular exercise training (ET, n = 25) for 5 weeks. The ET group performed moderate exercise on a treadmill for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. At the end of week 5, each group was subdivided into 4 groups: non-exercise and 3 exercise groups. The non-exercise group (E0) was sacrificed without exercising and the 3 exercise groups were sacrificed immediately after exercising on a treadmill for 0.5 h (E0.5), 1 h (E1), and 2 h (E2). Blood samples were collected and plasma folate and vitamin B12 were analyzed. RESULTS After exercise training, plasma folate level was significantly lower and vitamin B12 concentration was significantly higher in the ET group compared with the NT group (P < 0.05). No significant associations were observed between plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. In both the NT and ET groups, plasma folate and vitamin B12 were not significantly changed by increasing duration of aerobic exercise. Plasma folate concentration of E0.5 was significantly lower in the ET group compared with that in the NT group. Significantly higher vitamin B12 concentrations were observed in the E0 and E0.5 groups of the ET group compared to those of the NT group. CONCLUSION Regular moderate exercise training decreased plasma folate and increased plasma vitamin B12 levels. However, no significant changes in plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were observed by increasing duration of acute aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Nam Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33 Samyangro 144-gil, Dong-gu, Seoul 01369, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33 Samyangro 144-gil, Dong-gu, Seoul 01369, Korea
| | - Youn-Ok Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University, 33 Samyangro 144-gil, Dong-gu, Seoul 01369, Korea
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Veasey RC, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Kennedy DO, Wishart K, Maggini S, Fuchs CJ, Stevenson EJ. The Effects of Supplementation with a Vitamin and Mineral Complex with Guaraná Prior to Fasted Exercise on Affect, Exertion, Cognitive Performance, and Substrate Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2015; 7:6109-27. [PMID: 26225993 PMCID: PMC4555111 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise undertaken in a fasted state can lead to higher post-exercise mental fatigue. The administration of a vitamin and mineral complex with guaraná (MVM + G) has been shown to attenuate mental fatigue and improve performance during cognitively demanding tasks. This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, balanced cross-over study examined the effect of MVM + G consumed prior to morning exercise on cognitive performance, affect, exertion, and substrate metabolism. Forty active males (age 21.4 ± 3.0 year; body mass index (BMI) 24.0 ± 2.4 kg/m2; maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) 57.6 ± 7.3 mL/min/kg) completed two main trials, consuming either MVM + G or placebo prior to a 30-min run at 60% V̇O2max. Supplementation prior to exercise led to a small but significant reduction in Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) during exercise compared to the placebo. The MVM + G combination also led to significantly increased accuracy of numeric working memory and increased speed of picture recognition, compared to the placebo. There were no significant effects of supplementation on any other cognitive or mood measures or on substrate metabolism during exercise. These findings demonstrate that consuming a vitamin and mineral complex containing guaraná, prior to exercise, can positively impact subsequent memory performance and reduce perceived exertion during a moderate-intensity run in active males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Veasey
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Crystal F Haskell-Ramsay
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - David O Kennedy
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Karl Wishart
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Maggini
- Bayer Consumer Care AG, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| | - Caspar J Fuchs
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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Benser J, Valtueña J, Ruiz JR, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Breidenassel C, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Ferrari M, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Sjöström M, Molnar D, Gómez-Martínez S, Kafatos A, Palacios G, Moreno LA, Castillo MJ, Stehle P, González-Gross M. Impact of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness on total homocysteine concentrations in European adolescents: The HELENA study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2015; 61:45-54. [PMID: 25994139 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.61.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association of physical activity (PA), cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and fatness with total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in European adolescents. The present study comprised 713 European adolescents aged 14.8 ± 1.2 y (females 55.3%) from the multicenter HELENA cross-sectional study. PA was assessed through accelerometry, CVF by the 20-m shuttle run test, and body fat by skinfold thicknesses with the Slaughter equation. Plasma folate, cobalamin, and tHcy concentrations were measured. To examine the association of tHcy with PA, CVF, and fatness after controlling for a set of confounders including age, maturity, folate, cobalamin, creatinine, smoking, supplement use, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 genotype (CC 47%, CT 43%, TT 10%), bivariate correlations followed by multiple regression models were performed. In the bivariate correlation analysis, tHcy concentrations were slightly negatively correlated (p<0.05) with CVF in females (measured both by stages: r=-0.118 and by VO2max: r=-0.102) and positively with body mass index (r=0.100). However, daily time spent with moderate and vigorous PA showed a weak positive association with tHcy in females (p<0.05). tHcy concentrations showed a tendency to decrease with increasing CVF and increase with increasing BMI in female European adolescents. However, tHcy concentrations were positively associated with moderate and vigorous PA in female European adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Benser
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Technical University of Madrid 2) Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences-Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn Germany
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Veeranki S, Tyagi SC. Defective homocysteine metabolism: potential implications for skeletal muscle malfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15074-91. [PMID: 23873298 PMCID: PMC3742288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140715074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a systemic medical condition and has been attributed to multi-organ pathologies. Genetic, nutritional, hormonal, age and gender differences are involved in abnormal homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism that produces HHcy. Homocysteine is an intermediate for many key processes such as cellular methylation and cellular antioxidant potential and imbalances in Hcy production and/or catabolism impacts gene expression and cell signaling including GPCR signaling. Furthermore, HHcy might damage the vagus nerve and superior cervical ganglion and affects various GPCR functions; therefore it can impair both the parasympathetic and sympathetic regulation in the blood vessels of skeletal muscle and affect long-term muscle function. Understanding cellular targets of Hcy during HHcy in different contexts and its role either as a primary risk factor or as an aggravator of certain disease conditions would provide better interventions. In this review we have provided recent Hcy mediated mechanistic insights into different diseases and presented potential implications in the context of reduced muscle function and integrity. Overall, the impact of HHcy in various skeletal muscle malfunctions is underappreciated; future studies in this area will provide deeper insights and improve our understanding of the association between HHcy and diminished physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Veeranki
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.V.); (S.C.T.); Tel.: +1-973-610-1160 (S.V.); +1-502-852-3381 (S.C.T.); Fax: +1-502-852-6239 (S.C.T.)
| | - Suresh C. Tyagi
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (S.V.); (S.C.T.); Tel.: +1-973-610-1160 (S.V.); +1-502-852-3381 (S.C.T.); Fax: +1-502-852-6239 (S.C.T.)
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10
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Nascimento CMC, Stella F, Garlipp CR, Santos RF, Gobbi S, Gobbi LTB. Serum homocysteine and physical exercise in patients with Parkinson's disease. Psychogeriatrics 2011; 11:105-12. [PMID: 21707858 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8301.2011.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is a major risk factor for cerebral and peripheral vascular diseases, as well as cortical and hippocampal injury, including an increased risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have been treated with levodopa; however, physical exercises can help reduce Hcy concentrations. The aim of the present study was to compare serum Hcy levels in patients with PD who partook in regular physical exercises, sedentary PD patients, and healthy controls. METHODS Sixty individuals were enrolled in the present study across three groups: (i) 17 patients who did not partake of any type of exercise; (ii) 24 PD patients who exercised regularly; and (iii) 19 healthy individuals who did not exercise regularly. All participants were evaluated by Hoehn and Yahr scale, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Schwab and England scale (measure daily functionality). The serum levels of Hcy were analyzed by blood samples collected of each participant. An analysis of variance and a Tukey's post hoc test were applied to compare and to verify differences between groups. Pearson's correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to consider the association between several variables. RESULTS Mean plasma Hcy concentrations in individuals who exercised regularly were similar to those in the healthy controls and significantly lower than those in the group that did not exercise at all (P= 0.000). In addition, patients who did not exercise were receiving significantly higher doses of levodopa than those patients who exercised regularly (P= 0.001). A positive relationship between levodopa dose and Hcy concentrations (R(2) = 0.27; P= 0.03) was observed in patients who did not exercise, but not in those patients who exercised regularly (R(2) = 0.023; P= 0.15). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that, even with regular levodopa therapy, Hcy concentrations in PD patients who exercise regularly are significantly lower than in patients who do not exercise and are similar Hcy concentrations in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Manuela Crispim Nascimento
- Laboratory of Aging and Physical Activity (LAFE), Biosciences Institute, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro Campus, Brazil.
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Deminice R, Vannucchi H, Simões-Ambrosio LM, Jordao AA. Creatine supplementation reduces increased homocysteine concentration induced by acute exercise in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2663-70. [PMID: 21394640 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of creatine supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism after acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise. A total of 112 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: aerobic exercise (A), aerobic exercise plus creatine supplementation (ACr), anaerobic exercise (An), and anaerobic exercise plus creatine-supplemented (AnCr). Creatine supplementation consisted of the addition of 2% creatine monohydrate to the diet. After 28 days, the rats performed an acute moderate aerobic exercise bout (1 h swimming with 4% of total body weight load) or an acute intense anaerobic exercise bout (6 × 30-s vertical jumps into the water with a 30-s rest between jumps, with 50% of total body weight load). The animals were killed before (pre) and at 0, 2, and 6 h (n = 8) after acute exercise. Plasma Hcy concentration increased significantly (P < 0.05) up to 2 h after anaerobic exercise (An group: pre 8.7 ± 1.2, 0 h 13.2 ± 2.3, 2 h 13.5 ± 4.2, and 6 h 12.1 ± 2.2, μmol/l). The same did not occur in acute aerobic exercised animals. Nevertheless, creatine supplementation significant decreased (P < 0.05) homocysteine concentration independent of exercise intensity (AnCr group: pre 17%, 0 h 80%, 2 h 107%, and 6 h 48%; ACr group: pre 17%, 0 h 19%, 2 h 28%, and 6 h 27%). Increased S-adenosylhomocysteine was also found in the An group. In conclusion, acute intense anaerobic exercise increased plasma Hcy concentration. On the other hand, creatine supplementation decreased plasma Hcy independent of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, SP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
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Fazio F, Piccione G, Casella S, Assenza A, Messina V, Caola G. Influence of Acute Exercise on Serum Homocysteine in Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Venta R, Cruz E, Valcárcel G, Terrados N. Plasma vitamins, amino acids, and renal function in postexercise hyperhomocysteinemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:1645-51. [PMID: 19568194 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31819e02f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several studies have assessed the effect of the physical activity on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations, although the findings have been contradictory, and the exact mechanism by which plasma Hcy concentrations varied after an acute intense exercise remains unknown. PURPOSE We studied the effect of different acute aerobic intense exercises on plasma, reduced, and total Hcy (rHcy, tHcy) and cysteine (rCys, tCys) and on its metabolically related vitamins and amino acids. Parallel effects on renal function were assessed by plasma creatinine. METHODS Fifteen cyclists and 14 kayakers were examined before and 30 +/- 5 min after a specific test to exhaustion during a low-intensity training period. RESULTS After a bout of specific exercise, the concentrations of aminothiols were increased regardless of the group considered. Plasma concentrations were higher than baseline values in tHcy (17.7 +/- 1.5%; P < 0.001), rHcy (10.6 +/- 1.6%; P < 0.001), tCys (9.9 +/- 1.6%; P < 0.001), and rCys (7.6 +/- 2.2%; P < 0.01). Both groups showed significant elevations of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP; P < 0.01), vitamin B12 (P < 0.001), and creatinine concentrations (P < 0.001) after acute exercises, but no changes were seen in folate. Changes in plasma aminothiols after exercise did not reach significant correlation with changes in free amino acids or baseline vitamins, but significant and positive correlations were observed with changes in plasma PLP, vitamin B12, and creatinine concentrations, when the pooled data were considered. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that higher plasma concentrations of tHcy after an acute intense exercise are associated to higher concentrations of rHcy, and this effect is independent of the type of exercise, vitamin status, or amino acid metabolic stress but could be related to potential changes in the renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Venta
- Service of Biochemistry, Hospital San Agustín, Avilés, Principado de Asturias, Spain.
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Boreham CAG, Kennedy RA, Murphy MH, Tully M, Wallace WFM, Young I. Training effects of short bouts of stair climbing on cardiorespiratory fitness, blood lipids, and homocysteine in sedentary young women. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39:590-3. [PMID: 16118293 PMCID: PMC1725304 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the training effects of eight weeks of stair climbing on Vo2max, blood lipids, and homocysteine in sedentary, but otherwise healthy young women. METHODS Fifteen women (mean (SD) age 18.8 (0.7) years) were randomly assigned to control (n = 7) or stair climbing (n = 8) groups. Stair climbing was progressively increased from one ascent a day in week 1 to five ascents a day in weeks 7 and 8. Training took place five days a week on a public access staircase (199 steps), at a stepping rate of 90 steps a minute. Each ascent took about two minutes to complete. Subjects agreed not to change their diet or lifestyle over the experimental period. RESULTS Relative to controls, the stair climbing group displayed a 17.1% increase in Vo2max and a 7.7% reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05) over the training period. No change occurred in total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, or homocysteine. CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that accumulating short bouts of stair climbing activity throughout the day can favourably alter important cardiovascular risk factors in previously sedentary young women. Such exercise may be easily incorporated into the working day and therefore should be promoted by public health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A G Boreham
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Gaume V, Mougin F, Figard H, Simon-Rigaud ML, N'Guyen UN, Callier J, Kantelip JP, Berthelot A. Physical Training Decreases Total Plasma Homocysteine and Cysteine in Middle-Aged Subjects. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2005; 49:125-31. [PMID: 15860911 DOI: 10.1159/000085536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate whether endurance exercise in middle-aged men induces changes in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and total cysteine (tCys), and whether these changes depend on the diet especially on vitamin B(6), folic acid and vitamin B(12) intakes. METHODS Twelve trained subjects (52.33 +/- 2.4 years) and twelve untrained subjects (56.23 +/- 0.9 years) volunteered for the present study. tHcy and tCys were measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography at rest in both groups and during an incremental exercise performed on a cycle ergometer until exhaustion in the trained subjects. RESULTS At baseline homocysteinemia and cysteinemia were lower in trained subjects (7.48 +/- 0.4 and 183.45 +/- 13.6 micromol/l) compared with untrained subjects (9.79 +/- 0.4 micromol/l, p < 0.001; 229.01 +/-14.7 micromol/l, p < 0.05, respectively). Incremental exercise also induced a decrease in tHcy and tCys concentrations. Moreover, tHcy concentration was negatively related to the folic acid and B(12) intakes in untrained (r = -0.589, p < 0.05; r = -0.580, p < 0.05, respectively) as well as in trained groups (r = -0.709, p < 0.01; r = -0.731, p < 0.01, respectively) whereas no correlation between tCys and vitamin in the diet was observed. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the combined effects of a chronic physical exercise and a high folate and vitamin B(12) intake could be responsible for the reduction of plasma tHcy and tCys concentrations that might be a key for the prevention of many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gaume
- UFR STAPS, EA 479, Besançon, France.
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Rousseau AS, Robin S, Roussel AM, Ducros V, Margaritis I. Plasma homocysteine is related to folate intake but not training status. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:125-133. [PMID: 15871861 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Lifestyle including intakes of several essential nutrients and physical activity are of particular interest in reducing plasma total homocysteine concentration (tHcy), a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to determine in athletes, whether dietary factors such as intakes of folate, vitamin B6 and B12 were associated with lower plasma tHcy, and whether this depended on daily energy expenditure (EE) and type of physical activity performed (aerobic, anaerobic, intermittent). METHODS Seventy-four well-trained athletes completed 7-day food and activity records in a cross-sectional study. Blood was sampled on day 8. RESULTS Percentage of vegetal protein, vitamin B6, and folate intakes were higher and tHcy was lower (1) in athletes with high EE (> 16.72 MJ/d) compared to athletes with lower EE; (2) in aerobic athletes compared to intermittent athletes and sedentary subjects. After backward step by step analysis, folate intake was the only significant variable retained in the model to explain tHcy variability. Moreover, after introducing folate intake as a covariate in ANOVA tests, group effects on tHcy were no longer significant. Nutrient density of folate was inversely correlated to tHcy in athletes (r = -0.33; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION High energy intake (> 16.72 MJ/d) allows the necessary folate intake (> 500 microg/d) for tHcy decrease to occur, which is moreover favored by aerobic activity. The mechanism underlying low tHcy in relation to high EE could only play a minor role when compared to the effect of dietary folate intake on tHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Rousseau
- Laboratoire Nutrition, Vieillissement et Maladies Cardiovasculaires, UFR Pharmacie, UJF Grenoble, France
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