APO A-V–1131T→C polymorphism frequency and its association with morbidity in a Brazilian elderly population

Interactions of the apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels

BACKGROUND

Little is known about the interactions of apolipoprotein (Apo) A5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid profiles. The present study was undertaken to detect the interactions of ApoA5-1131T>C, c.553G>T and c.457G>A polymorphisms and alcohol consumption on serum lipid levels.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS

A total of 516 nondrinkers and 514 drinkers were randomly selected from our previous stratified randomized cluster samples. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ApoA1 and ApoB were higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers (P<0.05-0.001). The genotypic and allelic frequencies of three loci were not different between the two groups. The interactions between -1131T>C genotypes and alcohol consumption on ApoB levels (P<0.05) and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio (P<0.01), between c.553G>T genotypes and alcohol consumption on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (P<0.05) and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio (P<0.05), and between c.457G>A genotypes and alcohol consumption on TG levels (P<0.001) were detected by factorial regression analysis after controlling for potential confounders. Four haplotypes (T-G-G, C-G-G, T-A-G and C-G-T) had frequencies ranging from 0.06 to 0.87. Three haplotypes (C-G-G, T-A-G, and C-G-T) were significantly associated with serum lipid parameters. The -1131T>C genotypes were correlated with TG, and c.553G>T and c.457G>A genotypes were associated with HDL-C levels in nondrinkers (P<0.05 for all). For drinkers, the -1131T>C genotypes were correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C, ApoB levels and the ApoA1/ApoB ratio (P<0.01 for all); c.553G>T genotypes were correlated with TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels (P<0.05-0.01); and c.457G>A genotypes were associated with TG, LDL-C, ApoA1 and ApoB levels (P<0.05-0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

The differences in some serum lipid parameters between the drinkers and nondrinkers might partly result from different interactions of the ApoA5 gene polymorphisms and alcohol consumption.

APOA1/A5 variants and haplotypes as a risk factor for obesity and better lipid profiles in a Brazilian Elderly Cohort

Genetic variations in the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster have been studied and proposed to be the leading key for susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and age-associated disorders. We aimed to investigate the associations of rs12721026 (APOA1) and rs1729408 (APOA5) polymorphisms and their haplotypes with some age-related diseases, as well as with lipids and proteins serum levels in a cohort from a Brazilian Elderly Longitudinal Study (EPIDOSO). Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Statistical analyses were carried out using logistic regression analysis, Student's t-test, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. Polymorphic allele frequencies were 0.095 and 0.449 for rs12721026 and rs1729408, respectively. The C-allele of rs1729408 was associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.022) and glycated hemoglobin levels (P = 0.020). We also showed that rs12721026 and rs1729408 were in LD. The GC haplotype, which is composed of the G-allele of rs12721026 and the C-allele of rs1729408, was significantly associated with obesity (P = 0.028), with higher glycated hemoglobin (P = 0.006), and fasting glucose (P = 0.0003) compared to the TT haplotype, which includes the wild-type alleles of both polymorphisms. Moreover, we found an association between the TC haplotype and higher HDL levels (P = 0.0039). This is the first time that haplotypes involving these polymorphisms were evaluated. Our results showed that these polymorphisms were involved in the development of obesity and in alterations of lipids and proteins serum levels in a Brazilian population. The present findings might also clarify the role of these polymorphisms and their haplotypes in lipids and proteins metabolism.