1
|
Hussein MAA, Alqahtani MM, Alwutayd KM, Aloufi AS, Osama O, Azab ES, Abdelsattar M, Hassanin AA, Okasha SA. Exploring Salinity Tolerance Mechanisms in Diverse Wheat Genotypes Using Physiological, Anatomical, Agronomic and Gene Expression Analyses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3330. [PMID: 37765494 PMCID: PMC10535590 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a widespread abiotic stress that devastatingly impacts wheat growth and restricts its productivity worldwide. The present study is aimed at elucidating biochemical, physiological, anatomical, gene expression analysis, and agronomic responses of three diverse wheat genotypes to different salinity levels. A salinity treatment of 5000 and 7000 ppm gradually reduced photosynthetic pigments, anatomical root and leaf measurements and agronomic traits of all evaluated wheat genotypes (Ismailia line, Misr 1, and Misr 3). In addition, increasing salinity levels substantially decreased all anatomical root and leaf measurements except sclerenchyma tissue upper and lower vascular bundle thickness compared with unstressed plants. However, proline content in stressed plants was stimulated by increasing salinity levels in all evaluated wheat genotypes. Moreover, Na+ ions content and antioxidant enzyme activities in stressed leaves increased the high level of salinity in all genotypes. The evaluated wheat genotypes demonstrated substantial variations in all studied characters. The Ismailia line exhibited the uppermost performance in photosynthetic pigments under both salinity levels. Additionally, the Ismailia line was superior in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes followed by Misr 1. Moreover, the Ismailia line recorded the maximum anatomical root and leaf measurements under salinity stress, which enhanced its tolerance to salinity stress. The Ismailia line and Misr 3 presented high up-regulation of H+ATPase, NHX2 HAK, and HKT genes in the root and leaf under both salinity levels. The positive physiological, anatomical, and molecular responses of the Ismailia line under salinity stress were reflected on agronomic performance and exhibited superior values of all evaluated agronomic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. A. Hussein
- Department of Botany (Genetics), Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mesfer M. Alqahtani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khairiah M. Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abeer S. Aloufi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Omnia Osama
- Environmental Stress Lab (ESL), Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Enas S. Azab
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed Abdelsattar
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Salah A. Okasha
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bertini L, Proietti S, Fongaro B, Holfeld A, Picotti P, Falconieri GS, Bizzarri E, Capaldi G, Polverino de Laureto P, Caruso C. Environmental Signals Act as a Driving Force for Metabolic and Defense Responses in the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3176. [PMID: 36432905 PMCID: PMC9695728 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During evolution, plants have faced countless stresses of both biotic and abiotic nature developing very effective mechanisms able to perceive and counteract adverse signals. The biggest challenge is the ability to fine-tune the trade-off between plant growth and stress resistance. The Antarctic plant Colobanthus quitensis has managed to survive the adverse environmental conditions of the white continent and can be considered a wonderful example of adaptation to prohibitive conditions for millions of other plant species. Due to the progressive environmental change that the Antarctic Peninsula has undergone over time, a more comprehensive overview of the metabolic features of C. quitensis becomes particularly interesting to assess its ability to respond to environmental stresses. To this end, a differential proteomic approach was used to study the response of C. quitensis to different environmental cues. Many differentially expressed proteins were identified highlighting the rewiring of metabolic pathways as well as defense responses. Finally, a different modulation of oxidative stress response between different environmental sites was observed. The data collected in this paper add knowledge on the impact of environmental stimuli on plant metabolism and stress response by providing useful information on the trade-off between plant growth and defense mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Benedetta Fongaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Aleš Holfeld
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Picotti
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Elisabetta Bizzarri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Gloria Capaldi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pastuszak J, Dziurka M, Hornyák M, Szczerba A, Kopeć P, Płażek A. Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Salinity Resistance of Three Durum Wheat Genotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158397. [PMID: 35955532 PMCID: PMC9369059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The area of farming lands affected by increasing soil salinity is growing significantly worldwide. For this reason, breeding works are conducted to improve the salinity tolerance of important crop species. The goal of the present study was to indicate physiological or biochemical parameters characterizing three durum wheat accessions with various tolerance to salinity. The study was carried out on germinating seeds and mature plants of a Polish SMH87 line, an Australian cultivar ‘Tamaroi’ (salt-sensitive), and the BC5Nax2 line (salt-tolerant) exposed to 0–150 mM NaCl. Germination parameters, electrolyte leakage (EL), and salt susceptibility index were determined in the germinating caryopses, whereas photosynthetic parameters, carbohydrate and phenolic content, antioxidant activity as well as yield were measured in fully developed plants. The parameters that most differentiated the examined accessions in the germination phase were the percentage of germinating seeds (PGS) and germination vigor (Vi). In the fully developed plants, parameters included whether the plants had the maximum efficiency of the water-splitting reaction on the donor side of photosystem II (PSII)–Fv/F0, energy dissipation from PSII–DIo/CSm, and the content of photosynthetic pigments and hydrogen peroxide, which differentiated studied genotypes in terms of salinity tolerance degree. Salinity has a negative impact on grain yield by reducing the number of seeds per spike and the mass of one thousand seeds (MTS), which can be used as the most suitable parameter for determining tolerance to salinity stress. The most salt-tolerant BC5Nax2 line was characterized by the highest PGS, and Vi for NaCl concentration of 100–150 mM, content of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, and also MTS at all applied salt concentrations as compared with the other accessions. The most salt-sensitive cv. ‘Tamaroi’ demonstrated higher H2O2 concentration which proves considerable oxidative damage caused by salinity stress. Mentioned parameters can be helpful for breeders in the selection of genotypes the most resistant to this stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Pastuszak
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Marta Hornyák
- Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Szczerba
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pastuszak J, Szczerba A, Dziurka M, Hornyák M, Kopeć P, Szklarczyk M, Płażek A. Physiological and Biochemical Response to Fusarium culmorum Infection in Three Durum Wheat Genotypes at Seedling and Full Anthesis Stage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147433. [PMID: 34299055 PMCID: PMC8303160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium culmorum is a worldwide, soil-borne plant pathogen. It causes diseases of cereals, reduces their yield, and fills the grain with toxins. The main direction of modern breeding is to select wheat genotypes the most resistant to Fusarium diseases. This study uses seedlings and plants at the anthesis stage to analyze total soluble carbohydrates, total and cell-wall bound phenolics, chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, hydrogen peroxide content, mycotoxin accumulation, visual symptoms of the disease, and Fusarium head blight index (FHBi). These results determine the resistance of three durum wheat accessions. We identify physiological or biochemical markers of durum wheat resistance to F. culmorum. Our results confirm correlations between FHBi and mycotoxin accumulation in the grain, which results in grain yield decrease. The degree of spike infection (FHBi) may indicate accumulation mainly of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol in the grain. High catalase activity in the infected leaves could be considered a biochemical marker of durum sensitivity to this fungus. These findings allowed us to formulate a strategy for rapid evaluation of the disease severity and the selection of plants with higher level, or resistance to F. culmorum infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Pastuszak
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.H.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Szczerba
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Michał Dziurka
- Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Marta Hornyák
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.H.); (A.P.)
- Polish Academy of Sciences, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (M.D.); (P.K.)
| | - Marek Szklarczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Płażek
- Department of Plant Breeding, Physiology and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Podłużna 3, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (M.H.); (A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|