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Rehydration of the sleeping chironomid, Polypedilum vanderplanki Hinton, 1951 larvae from cryptobiotic state up to full physiological hydration (Diptera: Chironomidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3766. [PMID: 35260641 PMCID: PMC8904844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During desiccation the Polypedilum vanderplanki larva loses 97% of its body water, resulting in the shutdown of all metabolic and physiological processes. The larvae are able to resume active life when rehydrated. As dehydration process has already been largely understood, rehydration mechanisms are still poorly recognized. X-ray microtomograms and electron scanning microscopy images recorded during the hydration showed that the volume of the larva's head hardly changes, while the remaining parts of the body increase in volume. In the 1H-NMR spectrum, as recorded for active larvae, component characteristic of solid state matter is absent. The spectrum is superposition of components coming from tightly and loosely bound water fraction, as well as from lipids. The value of the c coefficient (0.66 ± 0.02) of the allometric function describing the hydration models means that the increase in the volume of rehydrated larvae over time is linear. The initial phase of hydration does not depend on the chemical composition of water, but the amount of ions affects the further process and the rate of return of larva’s to active life. Diffusion and ion channels play a major role in the permeability of water through the larva's body integument.
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Harańczyk H, Strzałka K, Kubat K, Andrzejowska A, Olech M, Jakubiec D, Kijak P, Palfner G, Casanova-Katny A. A comparative analysis of gaseous phase hydration properties of two lichenized fungi: Niebla tigrina (Follman) Rundel & Bowler from Atacama Desert and Umbilicaria antarctica Frey & I. M. Lamb from Robert Island, Southern Shetlands Archipelago, maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2021; 25:267-283. [PMID: 33942193 PMCID: PMC8102299 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-021-01227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous phase hydration properties for thalli of Niebla tigrina from Atacama Desert, and for Umbilicaria antarctica from Isla Robert, maritime Antarctica, were analyzed using 1H-NMR relaxometry, spectroscopy, and sorption isotherm analysis. The molecular dynamics of residual water was monitored to distinguish the sequential binding very tightly, tightly, and loosely bound water fractions. These two species differ in hydration kinetics faster for Desert N. tigrina [A1 = 0.51(4); t1 = 0.51(5) h, t2 = 15.0(1.9) h; total 0.7 for p/p0 = 100%], compared to Antarctic U. antarctica [A1 = 0.082(6), t1 = 2.4(2) h, t2 = [26.9(2.7)] h, total 0.6 for p/p0 = 100%] from humid polar area. The 1H-NMR measurements distinguish signal from tightly bound water, and two signals from loosely bound water, with different chemical shifts higher for U. antarctica than for N. tigrina. Both lichen species contain different amounts of water-soluble solid fraction. For U. antarctica, the saturation concentration of water soluble solid fraction, cs = 0.55(9), and the dissolution effect is detected at least up to Δm/m0 = 0.7, whereas for N. tigrina with the similar saturation concentration, cs = 053(4), this fraction is detected up to the threshold hydration level equal to ΔM/m0 = 0.3 only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Harańczyk
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland.
| | - K Strzałka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Kubat
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - A Andrzejowska
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Olech
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.,Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Jakubiec
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - P Kijak
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, ul. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Cracow, Poland
| | - G Palfner
- Mycological and Mycorrhizal Laboratory, Concepción University, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angélica Casanova-Katny
- Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, 03694, Temuco, Chile.
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Extreme dehydration observed in Antarctic Turgidosculum complicatulum and in Prasiola crispa. Extremophiles 2016; 21:331-343. [PMID: 28000023 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Gaseous phase hydration effect of extremely dehydrated thallus of the Antarctic lichenized fungus Turgidosculum complicatulum and of green alga Prasiola crispa was observed using hydration kinetics, sorption isotherm, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and relaxometry. Three bound water fractions were distinguished: (1) very tightly bound water, (2) tightly bound water and (3) a loosely bound water fraction detected at higher levels of hydration. Sorption isotherm was sigmoidal in form and well fitted using Dent model. The relative mass of water saturating primary water binding sites was ΔM/m 0 = 0.055 for T. complicatulum and ΔM/m 0 = 0.131 for P. crispa. 1H-NMR free induction decays (FIDs) for T. complicatulum and for P. crispa were superpositions of a solid signal component, and one averaged liquid signal component for P. crispa thallus ([Formula: see text] ≈ 80 µs) or two liquid signal components coming from a tightly bound ([Formula: see text]≈ 71 µs) and from a loosely bound water fraction ([Formula: see text]≈ 278 µs) for T. complicatulum. 1H-NMR spectra recorded for T. complicatulum and for P. crispa thalli revealed one averaged mobile proton signal component L. The total liquid signal component expressed in units of solid (L 1 + L 2)/S suggests the presence of water soluble fraction in T. complicatulum thallus.
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