Gabapentin drug interactions in water and aqueous solutions of green betaine based compounds through volumetric, viscometric and interfacial properties

Betaine as a bio-based surfactant, has been found in a variety of natural sources. Betaine improves drug absorption, protect drugs from degradation, and enhance the performance of various therapeutic and hygiene products. To investigate the interactions between gabapentin (an antiepileptic drug) and betaine-based compounds, series of experiments were conducted at 298 K. These experiments involved volumetric, viscometric, and surface tension measurements of aqueous solutions containing gabapentin and various betaine-based compounds, including betaine, betaine octyl ester chloride ionic liquid and betaine-urea deep eutectic solvent (molar ratio of 1:2). Additionally, the Conductor like Screening Model (COSMO) method were employed to gain further insights into molecular interactions governing these systems. The volumetric studies revealed that the standard partial molar volumes V0φ of the betaine-based compounds increased with increasing gabapentin concentration, suggesting significant solute-solvent interactions. The apparent specific volume (ASV) and the hydration number (nH) for gabapentin in the examined systems were calculated. The analysis of the obtained ASV and nH values indicated that gabapentin exhibits a bitter taste in aqueous deep eutectic solvent (DES) solutions and in the presence of betaine it gets most dehydrated. The viscosity measurements, analyzed using the Jones-Dole equation, yielded negative viscosity B-coefficient values for the betaine octyl ester chloride ionic liquid, suggesting its potential to enhance the drug-related properties of gabapentin. Surface tension measurements were used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the betaine-based compounds and their related surface properties such as interface surface pressure (Π), and Gibbs maximum excess surface concentration ([Formula: see text]). The CMC values decreased with increasing gabapentin concentration, indicating enhanced micellization. The betaine octyl ester chloride ionic liquid exhibited the lowest CMC, suggesting its superior ability to form micelles. The results of this study suggested that the betaine-based compounds improve drug absorption, protect drugs from degradation, and enhance the performance of various therapeutic and hygiene products underscores their importance in both the pharmaceutical and industrial sectorsunds, particularly the betaine octyl ester chloride, may have the potential to improve the drug-related properties of gabapentin.

Effect of Poly(trehalose methacrylate) Molecular Weight and Concentration on the Stability and Viscosity of Insulin

Instability to storage and shipping conditions and injection administration remain major challenges in treating chronic conditions with biopharmaceuticals. Herein, formulations of poly(trehalose methacrylate) (pTrMA) were successfully optimized to stabilize insulin without appreciably increasing viscosity. Polymers were synthesized (2,400 - 29,200 Da), and added to insulin at different concentrations. pTrMA maintained >95% intact insulin against 250 rpm at 37 °C for 3 hours with at least 10 mol. eq. of 5.0 kDa, 7.5 mol. eq. of 9.4 kDa, 5 mol. eq. of 12.8 kDa, 1 mol. eq. of 19.8 kDa, and 0.5 mol. eq. of 29.2 kDa polymers, compared to 13.1% of insulin alone. The lowest pTrMA concentration formulations were more viscous than insulin alone, but the highest viscosity, U-600 with 10 mol. eq. of 5 kDa pTrMA, was only 1.43 cP at 25 °C. This data demonstrates that pTrMA is a promising low viscosity additive to stabilize the diabetes therapeutic insulin.

Dynamic Mixing Behaviors of Ionically Tethered Polymer Canopy of Nanoscale Hybrid Materials in Fluids of Varying Physical and Chemical Properties

An emerging area of sustainable energy and environmental research is focused on the development of novel electrolytes that can increase the solubility of target species and improve subsequent reaction performance. Electrolytes with chemical and structural tunability have allowed for significant advancements in flow batteries and CO₂ conversion integrated with CO₂ capture. Liquid-like nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs) are nanoscale fluids that are composed of inorganic nanocores and an ionically tethered polymeric canopy. NOHMs have been shown to exhibit enhanced conductivity making them promising for electrolyte applications, though they are often challenged by high viscosity in the neat state. In this study, a series of binary mixtures of NOHM-I-HPE with five different secondary fluids, water, chloroform, toluene, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate, were prepared to reduce the fluid viscosity and investigate the effects of secondary fluid properties (e.g., hydrogen bonding ability, polarity, and molar volume) on their transport behaviors, including viscosity and diffusivity. Our results revealed that the molecular ratio of secondary fluid to the ether groups of Jeffamine M2070 (λ_SF) was able to describe the effect that secondary fluid has on transport properties. Our findings also suggest that in solution, the Jeffamine M2070 molecules exist in different nanoscale environments, where some are more strongly associated with the nanoparticle surface than others, and the conformation of the polymer canopy was dependent on the secondary fluid. This understanding of the polymer conformation in NOHMs can allow for the better design of an electrolyte capable of capturing and releasing small gaseous or ionic species.