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Ameer K, Ameer S, Kim YM, Nadeem M, Park MK, Murtaza MA, Khan MA, Nasir MA, Mueen-ud-Din G, Mahmood S, Kausar T, Abubakar M. A Hybrid RSM-ANN-GA Approach on Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Bioactive Component-Rich Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Leaves Extract. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060883. [PMID: 35327305 PMCID: PMC8950805 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves consist of dietetically important diterpene steviol glycosides (SGs): stevioside (ST) and rebaudioside-A (Reb-A). ST and Reb-A are key sweetening compounds exhibiting a sweetening potential of 100 to 300 times more intense than that of table sucrose. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of SGs was optimized by effective process optimization techniques, such as response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) modeling coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) as a function of ethanol concentration (X1: 0–100%), sonication time (X2: 10–54 min), and leaf–solvent ratio (X3: 0.148–0.313 g·mL−1). The maximum target responses were obtained at optimum UAE conditions of 75% (X1), 43 min (X2), and 0.28 g·mL−1 (X3). ANN-GA as a potential alternative indicated superiority to RSM. UAE as a green technology proved superior to conventional maceration extraction (CME) with reduced resource consumption. Moreover, UAE resulted in a higher total extract yield (TEY) and SGs including Reb-A and ST yields as compared to those that were obtained by CME with a marked reduction in resource consumption and CO2 emission. The findings of the present study evidenced the significance of UAE as an ecofriendly extraction method for extracting SGs, and UAE scale-up could be employed for effectiveness on an industrial scale. These findings evidenced that the UAE is a high-efficiency extraction method with an improved statistical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Ameer
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Saqib Ameer
- Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (Y.-M.K.)
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Adnan Nasir
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Chenab, G.T. Road, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mueen-ud-Din
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Shahid Mahmood
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Tusneem Kausar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (M.A.M.); (G.M.-u.-D.); (S.M.); (T.K.)
| | - Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering & Technology, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan;
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