1
|
Garcia-Carrillo E, Ramirez-Campillo R, Thapa RK, Afonso J, Granacher U, Izquierdo M. Effects of Upper-Body Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness in Healthy Youth and Young Adult Participants: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:93. [PMID: 37833510 PMCID: PMC10575843 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper-body plyometric training (UBPT) is a commonly used training method, yet its effects on physical fitness are inconsistent and there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on the topic. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of UBPT on physical fitness in healthy youth and young adult participants compared to active, specific-active, and passive controls. METHODS This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and utilized the PICOS framework. PubMed, WOS, and SCOPUS were searched. Studies were assessed for eligibility using the PICOS framework. The effects of UBPT on upper-body physical fitness were assessed, including maximal strength, medicine ball throw performance, sport-specific throwing performance, and upper limb muscle volume. The risk of bias was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Means and standard deviations were used to calculate effect sizes, and the I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using the extended Egger's test. Certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE scale. Additional analyses included sensitivity analyses and adverse effects. RESULTS Thirty-five studies were included in the systematic review and 30 studies in meta-analyses, involving 1412 male and female participants from various sport-fitness backgrounds. Training duration ranged from 4 to 16 weeks. Compared to controls, UBPT improved maximal strength (small ES = 0.39 95% CI = 0.15-0.63, p = 0.002, I2 = 29.7%), medicine ball throw performance (moderate ES = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.43-0.85, p < 0.001, I2 = 46.3%), sport-specific throwing performance (small ES = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.25-0.86, p < 0.001, I2 = 36.8%), and upper limbs muscle volume (moderate ES = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.20-1.08, p = 0.005, I2 = 0.0%). The GRADE analyses provided low or very low certainty for the recommendation of UBPT for improving physical fitness in healthy participants. One study reported one participant with an injury due to UBPT. The other 34 included studies provided no report measure for adverse effects linked to UBPT. CONCLUSIONS UBPT interventions may enhance physical fitness in healthy youth and young adult individuals compared to control conditions. However, the certainty of evidence for these recommendations is low or very low. Further research is needed to establish the optimal dose of UBPT and to determine its effect on female participants and its transfer to other upper-body dominated sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Exal Garcia-Carrillo
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Universidad Andres Bello, 7591538, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rohit K Thapa
- Symbiosis School of Sports Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, 412115, India
| | - José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Av. De Barañain s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glassbrook DJ, Fuller JT, Wade JA, Doyle TL. Not All Physical Performance Tests Are Related to Early Season Match Running Performance in Professional Rugby League. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:1944-1950. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
3
|
Evaluating the Effect of the Combat Style Congruency on Performance and Fatigability in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu: A Pilot Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:726-732. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2021-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Brazilian jiu-jitsu is a martial art emphasizing ground combat with multiple ramifications to self-defense and military training. Some Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes prefer fighting on their back (Guardadors), while others preferentially adopt a standing or kneeling position (Passadors). Whether the combat scenario leading to adopt a preferential or nonpreferential combat style influences the combat outcomes remains unexplored. Methods: In a counterbalanced design, 13 athletes performed simulated combats from either a congruent or incongruent scenario with regard to their preferred combat style. We collected combat scores from the official ranking system and measured upper- and lower-limb explosive performance before and after the combats, as well as the rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentrations to index fatigability. Results: Passadors had greater grip strength than Guardadors ( = .23, P = .03), whereas Guardadors showed higher lower-limb performance ( = .16, P = .05). When forced to combat as Passadors, Guardadors exhibited greater grip-strength impairment and a greater increase in perceived exertion ( = .12, P = .04; = .15, P = .05, respectively). They also had higher blood lactate concentrations ( = .19, P = .02). Conclusion: Guardadors exhibited greater fatigability after fighting from an incongruent combat situation compared to Passadors, presumably due to greater difficulties to adjust to the loss of initiative when restricted to a primarily defensive role. Future studies should examine how combat style congruency might affect performance and influence recovery strategies during high-level competitive events.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pestaña-Melero FL, Jaric S, Pérez-Castilla A, Rojas FJ, García-Ramos A. Comparison of Mechanical Outputs Between the Traditional and Ballistic Bench Press: Role of the Type of Variable. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 34:2227-2234. [PMID: 29923856 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pestaña-Melero, FL, Jaric, S, Pérez-Castilla, A, Rojas, FJ, and García-Ramos A. Comparison of mechanical outputs between the traditional and ballistic bench press: role of the type of variable. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2227-2234, 2020-This study aimed to comprehensively explore the differences in mechanical outputs between the bench press (BP) and the bench press throw (BPT) exercises performed by 21 men (age: 22.0 ± 4.2 years, body mass: 73.4 ± 7.7 kg, height: 177.2 ± 8.0 cm, and concentric-only [C-O] BP 1 repetition maximum: 81.3 ± 6.8 kg) against a fixed external load of 27 kg using both the (C-O) and eccentric-concentric (E-C) execution techniques. The types of variables collected by means of a linear velocity transducer were the traditional mean values (i.e., from the first positive velocity until the barbell reaches maximum height), mean propulsive values (i.e., from the first positive velocity until the barbell acceleration become lower than gravity), mean values of the acceleration phase (i.e., from the first positive velocity until the barbell acceleration become negative), and maximum values (i.e., the highest instantaneous value of the concentric phase) of force, velocity, and power. The magnitude of the effect sizes (the negative sign indicates a higher value for the BP as compared to the BPT) ranged from -0.10 to -2.19 for force, 0.28 to 1.30 for velocity, and -0.73 to 0.67 for power variables, remaining mainly similar for the (C-O) and (E-C) execution techniques. These results highlight that the comparison of force, velocity, and power outputs between the BP and BPT exercises is largely affected by the type of variable considered. The shortcomings of linear position transducers in accurately determining the end point of the concentric phase suggest that the maximum values, particularly the maximum velocity, should be reported to assess ballistic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco L Pestaña-Melero
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Slobodan Jaric
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Biomechanics and Movement Science Graduate Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware; and
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rojas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wilk M, Filip A, Krzysztofik M, Gepfert M, Zajac A, Del Coso J. Acute Caffeine Intake Enhances Mean Power Output and Bar Velocity during the Bench Press Throw in Athletes Habituated to Caffeine. Nutrients 2020; 12:E406. [PMID: 32033103 PMCID: PMC7071256 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on power output and bar velocity during an explosive bench press throw in athletes habituated to caffeine. METHODS Twelve resistance trained individuals habituated to caffeine ingestion participated in a randomized double-blind experimental design. Each participant performed three identical experimental sessions 60 min after the intake of a placebo, 3, and 6 mg/kg/b.m. of caffeine. In each experimental session, the participants performed 5 sets of 2 repetitions of the bench press throw (with a load equivalent to 30% repetition maximum (RM), measured in a familiarization trial) on a Smith machine, while bar velocity and power output were registered with a rotatory encoder. RESULTS In comparison to the placebo, the intake of caffeine increased mean bar velocity during 5 sets of the bench press throw (1.37 ± 0.05 vs. 1.41 ± 0.05 and 1.41 ± 0.06 m/s for placebo, 3, and 6 mg/kg/b.m., respectively; p < 0.01), as well as mean power output (545 ± 117 vs. 562 ± 118 and 560 ± 107 W; p < 0.01). However, caffeine was not effective at increasing peak velocity (p = 0.09) nor peak power output (p = 0.07) during the explosive exercise. CONCLUSION The acute doses of caffeine before resistance exercise may increase mean power output and mean bar velocity during the bench press throw training session in a group of habitual caffeine users. Thus, caffeine prior to ballistic exercises enhances performance during a power-specific resistance training session.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aleksandra Filip
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Michal Krzysztofik
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mariola Gepfert
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Adam Zajac
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.F.); (M.K.); (M.G.); (A.Z.)
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28942 Fuenlabrada, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miller RM, Freitas ED, Heishman AD, Koziol KJ, Galletti BA, Kaur J, Bemben MG. Test-Retest Reliability Between Free Weight and Machine-Based Movement Velocities. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:440-444. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
7
|
Aragón-Vela J, Casuso RA, Casals C, Plaza-Díaz J, Fontana L, Huertas JR. Differential IL 10 serum production between an arm-based and a leg-based maximal resistance test. Cytokine 2019; 126:154915. [PMID: 31706202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bench press (i.e. arm-based) and half-squat (i.e. leg-based) are exercises commonly used to increase and evaluate muscular strength. In addition to differences in the location of the muscles that participate in each exercise, the total muscle mass required for the latter is larger than that involved in the former. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of a maximal incremental strength test when performed by bench press and by half-squat on myocellular damage, oxidative damage and the inflammatory cytokine response. Ten male athletes were subjected to half-squat and bench press incremental strength tests. Blood samples were collected at rest, 15-minutes and 24 h post-test. Hydroperoxide and malondialdehyde concentrations were determined as lipid peroxidation markers. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) activities were determined as markers of muscle damage. α-Actin concentration was determined as a marker of sarcomeric damage. Serum interleukin (IL) 6, IL10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were determined to assess the inflammatory response. LDH and CK-MB values were greater at 15 min and 24 h post bench press exercise (p < 0.05). No differences were found in lipid peroxidation or α-actin. Interestingly, IL10 values were greater in response to the press bench at 24 h post-test (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that, at equivalent workloads, an arm-based exercise induced higher anti-inflammatory effects and more severe muscle damage compared with a leg-based exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Aragón-Vela
- Dept. Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain.
| | - R A Casuso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| | - C Casals
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| | - J Plaza-Díaz
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain; Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - L Fontana
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain; Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Spain
| | - J R Huertas
- Dept. Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
García-Ramos A, Haff GG, Jiménez-Reyes P, Pérez-Castilla A. Assessment of Upper-Body Ballistic Performance Through the Bench Press Throw Exercise: Which Velocity Outcome Provides the Highest Reliability? J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:2701-2707. [PMID: 29847530 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
García-Ramos, A, Haff, GG, Jiménez-Reyes, and P, Pérez-Castilla, A. Assessment of upper-body ballistic performance through the bench press throw exercise: Which velocity outcome provides the highest reliability? J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2701-2707, 2018-This study aimed to compare the between-session reliability of 3 velocity variables (mean velocity [MV], mean propulsive velocity [MPV], and maximum velocity [Vmax]) to assess bench press throw (BPT) performance. Twenty-one men were tested during 2 consecutive weeks in 2 variants of the BPT exercise (concentric-only and eccentric-concentric) against 5 different loading conditions (17, 27, 37, 47, and 57 kg). The 2 sessions of each BPT variant were performed within the same week separated by 48-72 hours. The main findings revealed that (a) the highest reliability was observed for Vmax (median coefficient of variation [CV] and range) (CV = 2.14% [1.43-4.02%]), followed by MV (CV = 3.18% [1.47-5.22%]), and finally, the MPV was the least reliable variable (CV = 4.27% [1.98-6.38%]), (b) all velocity variables demonstrated a higher reliability during the eccentric-concentric BPT (CV = 2.41% [1.43-5.30%]) when compared with the concentric-only BPT (CV = 4.02% [1.74-6.38%]), and (c) the reliability tended to decrease with the increment of the load: 17 kg (CV = 2.12% [1.43-4.68%]), 27 kg (CV = 1.96% [1.74-3.86%]), 37 kg (CV = 2.98% [2.47-5.67%]), 47 kg (CV = 4.59% [2.32-6.38%]), and 57 kg (CV = 3.92% [1.95-5.52%]). These results indicate that the assessment of the Vmax should be performed with a light-loading condition during the eccentric-concentric BPT for obtaining the most reproducible measure of upper-body ballistic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of the Most Holy Conception, Conception, Chile
| | - G Gregory Haff
- Center for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Reyes
- Department of Science in Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cuevas-Aburto J, Ulloa-Díaz D, Barboza-González P, Chirosa-Ríos LJ, García-Ramos A. The addition of very light loads into the routine testing of the bench press increases the reliability of the force-velocity relationship. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5835. [PMID: 30425885 PMCID: PMC6230439 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine whether the addition of very light loads for modeling the force–velocity (F–V) relationship during the bench press (BP) exercise can confirm its experimental linearity as well as to increase the reliability and concurrent validity of the F–V relationship parameters (maximum force (F0), maximum velocity (V0), F–V slope, and maximum power (Pmax)). Method The F–V relationship of 19 healthy men were determined using three different methods: (I) 6-loads free method: six loads performed during the traditional free-weight BP exercise (≈ 1–8–29–39–49–59 kg), (II) 4-loads free method: four loads performed during the traditional free-weight BP exercise (≈ 29–39–49–59 kg), and (III) 4-loads Smith method: four loads performed during the ballistic bench press throw exercise in a Smith machine (≈ 29–39–49–59 kg). Results The linearity of the F–V relationship was very high and comparable for the three F–V methods (p = 0.204; median Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.99). The three methods were ranked from the most to the least reliable as follows: 6-loads free (coefficient of variation (CV) range = 3.6–6.7%) > 4-loads Smith (CV range = 4.6–12.4%) > 4-loads free (CV range = 3.8–14.5%). The higher reliability of the 6-loads free method was especially pronounced for F–V slope (CVratio ≥ 1.85) and V0 (CVratio ≥ 1.49) parameters, while the lowest difference in reliability was observed for F0 (CVratio ≤ 1.27). The 6-loads free and 4-loads free methods showed a very high concurrent validity respect to the 4-loads Smith method for F0 and Pmax (r ≥ 0.89), a moderate validity for the F–V slope (r = 0.66–0.82), and a low validity for V0 (r ≤ 0.37). Discussion The routine testing of the F–V relationship of upper-body muscles through the BP exercise should include trials with very light loading conditions to enhance the reliability of the F–V relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesualdo Cuevas-Aburto
- Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte y Acondicionamiento Físico, CIEDE, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - David Ulloa-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte y Acondicionamiento Físico, CIEDE, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos
- Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte y Acondicionamiento Físico, CIEDE, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sayers MGL, Schlaeppi M, Hitz M, Lorenzetti S. The impact of test loads on the accuracy of 1RM prediction using the load-velocity relationship. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2018; 10:9. [PMID: 29854409 PMCID: PMC5975420 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-018-0099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous methods have been proposed that use submaximal loads to predict one repetition maximum (1RM). One common method applies standard linear regression equations to load and average vertical lifting velocity (Vmean) data developed during squat jumps or three bench press throw (BP-T). The main aim of this project was to determine which combination of three submaximal loads during BP-T result in the most accurate prediction of 1RM Smith Machine bench press strength in healthy individuals. METHODS In this study combinations of three BP-T loads were used to predict 1RM Smith Machine bench press strength. Additionally, we examined whether regression models developed using peak vertical bar velocity (Vpeak), rather than Vmean, provide the most accurate prediction of Smith Machine bench press 1RM. 1RM Smith Machine bench press strength was measured directly in 12 healthy regular weight trainers (body mass = 80.8 ± 5.7 kg). Two to three days later a linear position transducer attached to the collars on a Smith Machine was used to record Vmean and Vpeak during BP-T between 30 and 70% of 1RM (10% increments). RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance testing showed that the mean values for slope and ordinate intercept for the regression models at each of the load ranges differed significantly depending on whether Vmean or Vpeak were used in the prediction models (P < 0.001). Conversely, the abscissa intercept did not differ significantly between either measure of vertical bar velocity at each load range. The key finding in this study was that 1RM Smith Machine bench press strength can be determined with high relative accuracy by examining Vmean and Vpeak during BP-T over three loads, with the most precise models using Vpeak during loads representing 30, 40 and 50% of 1RM (R2 = 0.96, SSE = 4.2 kg). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings indicate that exercise programmers working with normal healthy populations can accurately predict Smith Machine 1RM bench press strength using relatively light load Smith Machine BP-T testing, avoiding the need to expose their clients to potentially injurious loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. L. Sayers
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | | | - Marina Hitz
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Lorenzetti
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport, Magglingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ismaeel A. Effects of Betaine Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Power: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2338-2346. [PMID: 28426517 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ismaeel, A. Effects of betaine supplementation on muscle strength and power: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2338-2346, 2017-Betaine (BET) has recently gotten much attention for its potential role as an ergogenic aid and has become a common ingredient in peri-workout dietary supplements. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to investigate the effects of BET supplementation on muscular strength and power. A computerized literature search of 3 databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus) was performed. Included in the review were randomized controlled trials that measured muscle strength, power, or both measures in healthy participants. Quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Seven trials were identified, and quality assessment showed that all were of "excellent quality." Only 2 of the studies reported increases in strength or power after supplementation with BET. The remaining 5 studies showed no change in any strength or power outcome measures with BET supplementation. This review highlights the lack of evidence for a clear ergogenic effect of BET supplementation on strength and power performance. However, because 2 studies did identify increases of up to 24.61% on strength and power as a result of BET supplementation, additional studies are necessary to evaluate its effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Nutrition Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A Simple Method for Assessing Upper-Limb Force–Velocity Profile in Bench Press. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:200-207. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of a new upper body medicine ball push-press (MBP-P) test. Twenty-three strength trained volunteers performed a series of supine MBP-P throws using loads representing 5% and10% of their 5RM bench press (5 repetitions at each load). Throws were performed on a force platform (2000 Hz), with medicine ball kinematic data collected using a high-speed motion capture (500 Hz). Testing was repeated after 7-10 days to quantify intertest reliability. Maximal force (Fmax), impulse at Fmax, time to Fmax, and maximum rate of force development (RFDmax) were all calculated from the force platform outputs, with maximum ball velocity (Velmax) and maximum ball acceleration (Accelmax) developed from the kinematic data. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC), coefficient of variation (%CV), and typical error. Medicine ball kinematic variables were more reliable (CV% = 2.6-5.3, ICC = 0.87-0.95) than the various force platform derived power variables (CV% = 7.9-26.7, ICC = 0.51-0.90). The MBP-P test produces reliable data and can be used to quantify many standard power based measures, with the key findings have implications for athletic populations requiring high velocity, light load upper body pushing power.
Collapse
|