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Tahmasbi F, Araj-Khodaei M, Mahmoodpoor A, Sanaie S. Effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indices in overweight and obese patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3394-3414. [PMID: 35866520 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity is approximately tripled between 1975 and 2016 according to World Health Organization; therefore, obesity is now considered a global pandemic that needs academic and clinical focus. In search of antiobesity agents, Crocus sativus, known widely as saffron, has been praised for its beneficial effects. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted to investigate the weight lowering effect of saffron. Following PRISMA guidelines, several medical databases were comprehensively searched for RCTs with a population consisting of obese individuals. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool estimates across studies, and standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to synthesize quantitative results. Twenty-five RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed a nonsignificant decrease for weight (-0.32 kg; CI: -3.15, 2.51; p = 0.82), BMI (-0.06 kg/m2 ;CI:-1.04,0.93; p = .91), waist circumference (-1.23 cm; CI: -4.14, 1.68; p = .41), and hip circumference (-0.38 cm; CI: -5.99, 5.23; p = .89) and a significant decrease of waist-to-hip ratio (SMD = -0.41; CI: -0.73, -0.09; p = .01; I2 = 0%). The mean difference in fasting blood sugar showed a significant reduction in patients with metabolic syndrome (SMD = -0.30; 95% CI: -0.63, 0.03; p = .07; I2 = 0.37%) but a nonsignificant change in the HbA1C level (WMD = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.41; p = .79). Despite bearing several limitations, mainly as a result of heterogeneity among included studies, the available evidence indicates saffron supplementation shows promising effects on some cardiometabolic factors among overweight to obese patients; however, further investigations and high-quality evidence are required for more generalizable and comprehensive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tahmasbi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Araj-Khodaei
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Persian medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Anesthesiology and critical care department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sarvin Sanaie
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Haghighat N, Mohammadshahi M, Shayanpour S, Haghighizadeh MH. Effects of Synbiotics and Probiotics Supplementation on Serum Levels of Endotoxin, Heat Shock Protein 70 Antibodies and Inflammatory Markers in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Double-Blinded Controlled Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:144-151. [PMID: 30617950 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on serum inflammatory markers, endotoxin, and anti-HSP70 in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-five hemodialysis patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly assigned for 12 weeks to one of the three arms: synbiotics [n = 23; 15 g of prebiotics, 5 g of probiotic powder containing Lactobacillus acidophilus T16, Bifidobacterium bifidum BIA-6, Bifidobacterium lactis BIA-6, and Bifidobacterium longum LAF-5 (2.7 × 107 CFU/g each)], probiotics [n = 23; 5 g probiotics as in synbiotic group with 15 g of maltodextrin in the sachet as placebo], and placebo [n = 19; 20 g of maltodextrin in the sachet]. Blood and feces were collected at baseline and after intervention. Serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6, endotoxin, and anti-heat shock protein 70 antibodies (anti-HSP70) were measured. The number of fecal colonies was determined using the plate-counting method. The mean serum level of hs-CRP, anti-HSP70, and endotoxin decreased significantly between groups (p = 0.007, p = 0.037, and p = 0.036, respectively). For the synbiotic group, the mean changes in hs-CRP and IL-6 were significantly lower than for the placebo (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and probiotic group (p = 0.011 and p = 0.008, respectively). Anti-HSP70 mean changes in the synbiotic and probiotic groups differed from the placebo group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.013, respectively). Administration of synbiotics was more effective than probiotics for improvement of inflammatory markers, endotoxin and anti-HSP70 serum levels. Trial registration number: IRCT2017041233393N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Haghighat
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammadshahi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Shokouh Shayanpour
- Department of Nephrology, Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Haghighizadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Chávez-Castillo M, Ortega Á, Duran P, Pirela D, Marquina M, Cano C, Salazar J, Gonzalez MC, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Quintero J, Velasco M. Phytotherapy for Cardiovascular Disease: A Bench-to-Bedside Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4410-4429. [PMID: 32310044 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200420160422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and global trends suggest that this panorama will persist or worsen in the near future. Thus, optimization of treatment strategies and the introduction of novel therapeutic alternatives for CVD represent key objectives in contemporary biomedical research. In recent years, phytotherapy-defined as the therapeutic use of whole or minimally modified plant components-has ignited large scientific interest, with a resurgence of abundant investigation on a wide array of medicinal herbs (MH) for CVD and other conditions. Numerous MH have been observed to intervene in the pathophysiology of CVD via a myriad of molecular mechanisms, including antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, and other beneficial properties, which translate into the amelioration of three essential aspects of the pathogenesis of CVD: Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Although the preclinical data in this scenario is very rich, the true clinical impact of MH and their purported mechanisms of action is less clear, as large-scale robust research in this regard is in relatively early stages and faces important methodological challenges. This review offers a comprehensive look at the most prominent preclinical and clinical evidence currently available concerning the use of MH in the treatment of CVD from a bench-to-bedside approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Psychiatric Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela,Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Duran
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Daniela Pirela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Marquina
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Climaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine José María Vargas, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas,
Venezuela
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Taghavizadeh Yazdi ME, Amiri MS, Akbari S, Sharifalhoseini M, Nourbakhsh F, Mashreghi M, EhsanYousefi, Abbasi MR, Modarres M, Es-haghi A. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Helichrysum graveolens for Biomedical Applications and Wastewater Treatment. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-020-00794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hosseini SA, Jamshidnezhad A, Zilaee M, Fouladi Dehaghi B, Mohammadi A, Hosseini SM. Neural Network-Based Clinical Prediction System for Identifying the Clinical Effects of Saffron (Crocus sativus L) Supplement Therapy on Allergic Asthma: Model Evaluation Study. JMIR Med Inform 2020; 8:e17580. [PMID: 32628613 PMCID: PMC7381052 DOI: 10.2196/17580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is commonly associated with chronic airway inflammation and is the underlying cause of over a million deaths each year. Crocus sativus L, commonly known as saffron, when used in the form of traditional medicines, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects which may be beneficial to individuals with asthma. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a clinical prediction system using an artificial neural network to detect the effects of C sativus L supplements on patients with allergic asthma. Methods A genetic algorithm–modified neural network predictor system was developed to detect the level of effectiveness of C sativus L using features extracted from the clinical, immunologic, hematologic, and demographic information of patients with asthma. The study included data from men (n=40) and women (n=40) individuals with mild or moderate allergic asthma from 18 to 65 years of age. The aim of the model was to estimate and predict the level of effect of C sativus L supplements on each asthma risk factor and to predict the level of alleviation in patients with asthma. A genetic algorithm was used to extract input features for the clinical prediction system to improve its predictive performance. Moreover, an optimization model was developed for the artificial neural network component that classifies the patients with asthma using C sativus L supplement therapy. Results The best overall performance of the clinical prediction system was an accuracy greater than 99% for training and testing data. The genetic algorithm–modified neural network predicted the level of effect with high accuracy for anti–heat shock protein (anti-HSP), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio of FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory flow (FEF25%-75%) for testing data (anti-HSP: 96.5%; hs-CRP: 98.9%; FEV1: 98.1%; FVC: 97.5%; FEV1/FVC ratio: 97%; and FEF25%-75%: 96.7%, respectively). Conclusions The clinical prediction system developed in this study was effective in predicting the effect of C sativus L supplements on patients with allergic asthma. This clinical prediction system may help clinicians to identify early on which clinical factors in asthma will improve over the course of treatment and, in doing so, help clinicians to develop effective treatment plans for patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir Jamshidnezhad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Marzie Zilaee
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behzad Fouladi Dehaghi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Hosseini
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Hashemian M, Poustchi H, Murphy G, Etemadi A, Kamangar F, Pourshams A, Khoshnia M, Gharavi A, Brennan PJ, Boffetta P, Dawsey SM, Abnet CC, Malekzadeh R. Turmeric, Pepper, Cinnamon, and Saffron Consumption and Mortality. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e012240. [PMID: 37221812 PMCID: PMC6818008 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.012240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of spice consumption on lipid profiles, fasting glucose, and blood pressure, which suggests that spice consumption could affect the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and consequently mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between consumption of turmeric, black or chili pepper, cinnamon, and saffron with overall and cause-specific mortality in an adult population in Iran. Methods and Results We used data from the Golestan Cohort Study, which has followed 50 045 participants aged 40 to 75 years from baseline (2004-2008). After establishing the exclusion criteria, 44 398 participants were included in the analyses. Spice consumption data were extracted from the baseline Food Frequency Questionnaire. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI for overall and cause-specific mortality, comparing the ever consumers to the never consumers as a reference group for each type of spice (adjusted for known and suspected confounders). During 11 years of follow-up, 5121 people died. Turmeric consumption was associated with significantly reduced risk of overall mortality (HR=0.90, 95% CI=0.85-0.96) and cardiovascular mortality (HR=0.91, 95% CI=0.82-0.99). Black or chili pepper consumption was associated with significantly reduced risk of overall mortality (HR=0.91, 95% CI=0.86-0.98). Saffron consumption was associated with significantly reduced risk of overall (HR=0.85, 95% CI=0.77-0.94) and cardiovascular mortality (HR=0.79, 95% CI=0.68-0.92). We found no associations with cinnamon consumption or between any of these spices and cancer mortality. Conclusions Consuming turmeric or saffron was associated with decreased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. The hypothesis of a protective effect of spice consumption on mortality should be tested in other prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hashemian
- Digestive Oncology Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD
- Department of BiologySchool of Arts and SciencesUtica CollegeUticaNY
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Gwen Murphy
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Digestive Oncology Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Digestive Oncology Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of BiologySchool of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural SciencesMorgan State UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Disease Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Digestive Disease Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharavi
- Digestive Disease Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Paul J. Brennan
- Section of GeneticsInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaItaly
| | - Sanford M. Dawsey
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Metabolic Epidemiology BranchDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research CenterDigestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Zilaee M, Hosseini SA, Jafarirad S, Abolnezhadian F, Cheraghian B, Namjoyan F, Ghadiri A. An evaluation of the effects of saffron supplementation on the asthma clinical symptoms and asthma severity in patients with mild and moderate persistent allergic asthma: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Respir Res 2019; 20:39. [PMID: 30795753 PMCID: PMC6387530 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a heterogeneous disease which is usually associated with chronic airway inflammation. Saffron has anti-inflammatory effects and may has beneficial effects on asthma. HYPOTHESIS The present study was intended to survey the effects of saffron supplementation on blood pressure, lipid profiles, basophils, eosinophils and clinical symptoms in patients with allergic asthma. STUDY DESIGN Our study was a clinical trial. METHODS Subjects (N = 80, 32 women and 48 men, 41.25 ± 9.87 years old) with mild and moderate allergic asthma were randomized into two groups: the intervention group who received two capsules of saffron (100 mg/d), and the control group who received two capsules of placebo for 8 weeks. SPSS software (version 16.0) was used for the data analysis. RESULTS Saffron improved the frequency of clinical symptoms of the patients (i.e., frequency of the shortness of breath during the day and night time, use of salbutamol spray, waking up due to asthma symptoms and activity limitation) in comparison to the placebo (p < 0.001). Besides, asthma severity decreased almost significantly in the saffron group (p = 0.07). It was also found that saffron, in comparison with the placebo, significantly reduced the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, eosinophils and basophils concentration reduced in the saffron group (p = 0.06 and 0.05 respectively). CONCLUSION Saffron seems to be an effective and safe option (in 8 weeks supplementation) to improve clinical symptoms of patients with allergic asthma but the toxicity and/or long-term effects of saffron intake are not known. Registration ID in IRCT (IRCT2017012132081N2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzie Zilaee
- Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Sima Jafarirad
- Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition Department, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farhad Abolnezhadian
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases of Digestive System, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Foroogh Namjoyan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Marine Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ataollah Ghadiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Atherosclerosis, characterized by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the vessel wall, is the main feature of cardiovascular disease. Although the amounts of fruits and vegetables present in the diets vary by country, diets, worldwide, contain large amounts of spices; this may have positive or negative effects on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focused on the potential protective effects of specific nutrients from spices, such as pepper, ginger, garlic, onion, cinnamon and chili, in atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms, epidemiological analysis, and clinical studies focusing on a variety of spices are covered in this review. Based on the integrated information, we aimed to raise specific recommendations for people with different dietary styles for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through dietary habit adjustments.
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Asgary S, Rastqar A, Keshvari M. Functional Food and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29528772 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of death globally and is a growing health concern. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology and treatment of CVD. Functional foods based on their basic nutritional functions can decrease the risk of many chronic diseases and have some physiological benefits. They contain physiologically active components either from plant or animal sources, marketed with the claim of their ability to reduce heart disease risk, focusing primarily on established risk factors, which are hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity/overweight, elevated lipoprotein A level, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated inflammatory marker levels. Functional foods are suspected to exert their cardioprotective effects mainly through blood lipid profile level and improve hypertension control, endothelial function, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant actions. Clinical and epidemiological observations indicate that vegetable and fruit fiber, nuts and seeds, sea foods, coffee, tea, and dark chocolate have cardioprotective potential in humans, as well whole-grain products containing intact grain kernels rich in fiber and trace nutrients. They are nutritionally more important because they contain phytoprotective substances that might work synergistically to reduce cardiovascular risk. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between functional foods and the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Ali Rastqar
- b Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Université Laval, Québec , Québec , Canada.,c Research Center of University Affiliated Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Mahtab Keshvari
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Tabeshpour J, Sobhani F, Sadjadi SA, Hosseinzadeh H, Mohajeri SA, Rajabi O, Taherzadeh Z, Eslami S. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of saffron stigma (Crocus sativus L.) in mothers suffering from mild-to-moderate postpartum depression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 36:145-152. [PMID: 29157808 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous adverse effects of antidepressants as well as the attitudes of breastfeeding mothers, who prefer to consume herbal medicine rather than chemical drugs, encouraged us to assess the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on mothers suffering from mild-to-moderate postpartum depressive disorder. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 new mothers who had a maximum score of 29 on the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II). They were randomly assigned to the saffron (15 mg/Bid) or placebo group. The primary outcome was a change in the BDI-II scores 8 weeks after treatment compared to the baseline. The response and remission rates were considered to be secondary outcome measures. RESULTS Saffron had a more significant impact on the BDI-II scores than the placebo. The mean BDI-II scores decreased from 20.3 ± 5.7 to 8.4 ± 3.7 for the saffron group (p < .0001) and from 19.8 ± 3.2 to 15.1 ± 5.4 for the placebo group (p < .01). In the final assessment, 96% of the saffron group were in remission compared to 43% of the placebo group (p < .01). The complete response rates were 6% for the placebo group and 66% for the saffron group. CONCLUSION When administered to treat minor PPD in breastfeeding mothers, saffron had a more significant impact on the BDI-II than the placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Tabeshpour
- Department of pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sobhani
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Sadjadi
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhila Taherzadeh
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Saeid Eslami
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease, and its prevalence continues to rise and can increase the risk for the progression of microvascular (such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy) and also macrovascular complications. Diabetes is a condition in which the oxidative stress and inflammation rise. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a highly conserved family of proteins that are expressed by all cells exposed to environmental stress, and they have diverse functions. In patients with diabetes, the expression and levels of HSPs decrease, but these chaperones can aid in improving some complications of diabetes, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. (The suppression of some HSPs is associated with a generalized increase in tissue inflammation.) In this review, we summarize the current understanding of HSPs in diabetes as well as their complications, and we also highlight their potential role as therapeutic targets in diabetes.
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El-Maraghy SA, Rizk SM, Shahin NN. Gastroprotective effect of crocin in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 229:26-35. [PMID: 25637687 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the gastroprotective effect of crocin in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats. Rats were allocated into a normal group, an ulcer group, a crocin-treated group, an ulcer group pretreated with crocin, and an ulcer group pretreated with omeprazole as a reference anti-ulcer drug. Rats were sacrificed 3h after ethanol administration. Prophylactic administration of crocin (50mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 3 consecutive days before the administration of 70% ethanol (10 ml/kg, orally) resulted in significant gastroprotection compared to ethanol-ulcerated rats as manifested by significant reduction in the gastric ulcer index. Crocin pretreatment increased ethanol-lowered levels of gastric juice mucin and mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, crocin significantly decreased ethanol-elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level, myeloperoxidase activity and heat shock protein 70 mRNA and protein levels. It also restored ethanol-altered mucosal levels of glutathione, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, crocin-pretreatment alleviated ethanol-induced mucosal apoptosis as revealed by significant down-regulation of cytochrome c and caspase-3 mRNA expression, significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and mitigated DNA fragmentation as indicated by significant decrements in comet parameters. The protective efficacy of crocin was further supported by histological assessment. No significant difference was observed between crocin and omeprazole (20mg/kg orally 1h before ethanol administration) regarding their mucin-secretagogue and antioxidant effects, as well as their effects on TNF-α, IL-6 and cytochrome c. On the other hand, omeprazole was superior in enhancing PGE2 level and in alleviating neutrophil infiltration, caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Conclusively, crocin protects rat gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced injury via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and mucin-secretagogue mechanisms that are probably mediated by enhanced PGE2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohda A El-Maraghy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sherine M Rizk
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nancy N Shahin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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