Body mass index, Bishop score, and sonographic measurement of the cervical length as predictors of successful labor induction in twin gestations

Labour induction in twin pregnancies

Medically-indicated deliveries are common in twin pregnancies given the increased risk of various obstetric complications in twin compared to singleton pregnancies, mainly hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and foetal growth restriction. Due to the unique characteristics of twin pregnancies, the success rates and safety of labour induction may be different than in singleton pregnancies. However, while there are abundant data regarding induction of labour in singleton pregnancies, the efficacy and safety of labour induction in twin pregnancies have been far less studied. In the current manuscript we summarize available data on various aspects of labour induction in twin pregnancies including incidence, success rate, prognostic factors, safety and methods for labour induction in twins. This information may assist healthcare providers in counselling patients with twin pregnancies when labour induction is indicated.

Uterocervical angle: an ultrasound screening tool to predict satisfactory response to labor induction

Background: A wide uterocervical angle >95° detected during the second trimester was associated with an increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth.Objective: We aimed to determine whether an ultrasonographic marker, uterocervical angle, correlates with satisfactory response to labor induction.Study design: We conducted a prospective cohort study from May 2016 through December 2017 of singleton term gestations undergoing transvaginal ultrasound for cervical length screening and uterocervical angle measurement. Uterocervical angle was measured between the lower uterine segment and the cervical canal. Latent phase duration >720 min was accepted to be a prolonged latent phase. The primary outcome was a prediction of satisfactory response to labor induction (latent phase duration <720 min).Results: Both anterior uterocervical angle (AUC = 0.802, p < .001) and the cervical length (AUC = 0.679, p < .05) significantly predicted satisfactory response to labor induction. Optimal cutoff value was obtained at the value of 97° (64% sensitivity, 91% specificity) for anterior uterocervical angle and 27 mm (64% sensitivity, 64% specificity) for the cervical length. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that duration from labor induction to delivery was significantly higher in a group with longer cervical length (p = .04), additionally labor induction to delivery time was significantly higher in a group with lower UCA (p = .04).Conclusions: Both the cervical length and anterior uterocervical length were predictors for the satisfactory response to labor induction, and both parameters were found to be significantly associated with time from induction to delivery in survival analysis.

Ultrasound cervical length measurement in prediction of labor induction outcome

Induction of labor is one of the most common procedures in modern obstetrics, with an incidence of approximately 20% of all deliveries. Not all of these inductions result in vaginal delivery; some lead to cesarean sections, either for emergency reasons or for failed induction. That's why, It seems necessary to outline strategies for the improvement of the success rate of induced deliveries. Traditionally, the identification of women in whom labor induction is more likely to be successful is based on the Bishop score. However, several studies have shown it to be subjective, with high variation and a poor predictor of the outcome of labor induction. Transvaginal sonography for cervical measurement can be a more objective criterion in assessing the success of labor induction. Many studies have been done recently to compare cervical measurement and Bishop Score in labor induction.This paper reviewed the literature that evaluated sonographic cervical length measurement to predict induction of labor outcome.

[The opening of the internal cervical os predicts cervical ripening better than Bishop's score in nulliparous women at 41 weeks gestation]

Introduction

L'objectif était d'évaluer la mesure échographique de l’ouverture de l’orifice interne du col dans la prédiction de l’issue de la maturation cervicale et la comparer au Score de Bishop.

Méthodes

Nous avons mené une étude prospective sur 10 mois, entre Juillet 2012 et avril 2013 colligeant 77 femmes nullipares admises pour déclenchement du travail à un terme de 41 SA avec un Score de Bishop < 6. La mesure de l’ouverture de l’orifice interne du col a été réalisée par échographie transvaginale et le score de Bishop a été déterminé par l'examen clinique. Toutes les patientes ont eu une maturation cervicale par des prostaglandines.

Résultats

La maturation cervicale était réussie chez 63 patients (81%). Le Score de Bishop et l’ouverture de l’orifice interne du col se sont révélés statistiquement associés au succès ou l’échec de la maturation cervicale. Le taux de succès de la maturation était de 100% lorsque l’ouverture de l’orifice interne du col était égale ou supérieure à 5 mm (sensibilité: 54%; spécificité: 86%). Les courbes ROC ont montré que la mesure de l’orifice interne du col était plus prédictive de l’issue de la maturation cervicale que le Score de Bishop (Aire sous la courbe respectivement 0.733 et 0.704).

Conclusion

Comparée au score de Bishop, la mesure échographique de l’ouverture de l’orifice interne du col est plus prédictive du succès de la maturation cervicale chez les femmes nullipares à 41 semaines d’aménorrhée avec un col défavorable.

Prediction of the risk of cesarean delivery after labor induction in twin gestations based on clinical and ultrasound parameters

AIMS

To develop a model based on clinical and ultrasound parameters to predict the risk of cesarean delivery after labor induction in near-term twin gestations.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 189 consecutive women with twin gestations at ≥ 36.0 weeks scheduled for labor induction. The Bishop score and transvaginal ultrasonographic measurements of cervical length were obtained immediately before labor induction. Parameters studied included maternal age, height, weight, parity, gestational age, Bishop score, cervical length, epidural analgesia, method of conception, chorionicity and birth weight. Prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone) and oxytocin were used for labor induction. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to generate a predictive model for cesarean delivery.

RESULTS

Fifty (26.5%) of the 189 women had cesarean deliveries. According to logistic regression analysis, maternal height (P = 0.004), parity (P = 0.005) and cervical length (P = 0.016), but not Bishop score (P = 0.920), were identified as independent predictors of cesarean delivery. A risk score based on a model of these three parameters was calculated for each patient. The model was shown to have an adequate goodness of fit (P = 0.201) and the area under the curve was 0.722, indicating fairly good discrimination.

CONCLUSIONS

Maternal height, parity and cervical length were independent parameters for predicting the risk of cesarean delivery after labor induction in twin gestations. A predictive model using these parameters may provide useful information for deciding whether or not to induce labor.

Induction of labor in the obese patient

Obese women are at an increased risk of antepartum pregnancy complications and are therefore more likely to require an induction of labor than normal weight women. They also have an increased rate of failing an induction of labor, a rate that rises significantly with increasing body mass index, and subsequent surgical and neonatal complications of an intrapartum cesarean delivery. This increase in induction failure may be due to differences in the myometrium of obese women resulting in decreased contraction strength. There have been only a few studies comparing the efficacy of the various cervical ripening agents in obese women and at this point no recommendation can be made as to what method may result in the greatest chance of a successful induction.

Timing of induction of labor

Determining the optimal timing for induction of labor is critical in minimizing the risks to maternal and fetal health. While data are available to guide us in some clinical situations, such as hypertension and diabetes, many gaps in knowledge still exist in others, including cholestasis of pregnancy, fetal anomalies, and placental abruption. This review of the currently available literature assesses the risks and benefits of preterm and early term induction in a wide variety of maternal and fetal conditions.

Biochemical and biophysical predictors of the response to the induction of labor in nulliparous postterm pregnancy

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical, sonographic, and hormonal variables that influence the success of labor induction in nulliparous postterm pregnancies.

STUDY DESIGN

Fifty nulliparous women with a single postterm pregnancy receiving a slow-release prostaglandin estradiol pessary were prospectively enrolled, and clinical characteristics were analyzed in relation to success of induction of labor. Clinical, sonographic, and hormonal variables were analyzed by univariate statistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression for the prediction of successful induction.

RESULTS

The group of patients delivering within 24 hours differed significantly from the remaining patients by higher Bishop scores, body mass indices, estradiol serum concentrations, estriol to estradiol ratios, and shorter cervices. The combination of cervical length and estriol to estradiol ratio achieved a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 71.3-100%) and a specificity of 94.1% (95% confidence interval, 80.3-99.1%).

CONCLUSION

Cervical length and the estriol to estradiol ratio represent good predictive indicators of the response to the induction of labor in postterm pregnancies.