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Novozhilova N, Andreeva E, Polyakova M, Makeeva I, Sokhova I, Doroshina V, Zaytsev A, Babina K. Antigingivitis, Desensitizing, and Antiplaque Effects of Alkaline Toothpastes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:96. [PMID: 37185474 PMCID: PMC10136796 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingivitis is a widespread disease commonly associated with dentin hypersensitivity, that, in turn, may complicate routine dental care, leading to plaque accumulation. We aimed to assess the antigingivitis, desensitizing, and antiplaque effects of a fluoride-containing (TWF) alkaline toothpaste and a fluoride-free (TW) alkaline toothpaste. Eighty-four consenting patients aged 20-25 years with diagnosed gingivitis and dentin hypersensitivity (DH) were recruited in this double-blind, parallel-group study and randomly divided into two groups (each n = 42). Eighty-two patients completed the entire study protocol. The outcomes were assessed after 4 weeks of intervention. A significant improvement in gingival condition was found according to the modified gingival index, with effect sizes of 0.99 [CI95%: 0.52-1.46] and 1.71 [CI95%: 1.18-2.24], and the gingival bleeding index, with effect sizes of 3.17 [CI95%: 2.39-3.94] and 2.64 [CI95%: 1.96-3.32] in the TW and TWF groups, respectively. DH also decreased in both groups, with a significantly greater reduction in the TWF group (effect sizes of 3.28 [CI95%: 2.51-4.04] and 3.10 [CI95%: 2.40-3.80] according to the visual analog scale and Schiff scale, respectively). No side effects were registered. In conclusion, the use of alkaline toothpaste provided a significant reduction in gingival inflammation and bleeding, DH, and oral hygiene after 4 weeks of daily use in young adults. Trial Registration: NCT0562376. Funding: none.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Novozhilova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Andreeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Polyakova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna Sokhova
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladlena Doroshina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Zaytsev
- Institute of Linguistics and Intercultural Communication, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Babina
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Cleaver LM, Carda-Diéguez M, Moazzez R, Carpenter GH. Novel bacterial proteolytic and metabolic activity associated with dental erosion-induced oral dysbiosis. Microbiome 2023; 11:69. [PMID: 37004076 PMCID: PMC10064782 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental erosion is a disease of the oral cavity where acids cause a loss of tooth enamel and is defined as having no bacterial involvement. The tooth surface is protected from acid attack by salivary proteins that make up the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP). Bacteria have been shown to readily degrade salivary proteins, and some of which are present in the AEP. This study aimed to explore the role of bacteria in dental erosion using a multi-omics approach by comparing saliva collected from participants with dental erosion and healthy controls. RESULTS Salivary proteomics was assessed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and demonstrated two altered AEP proteins in erosion, prolactin inducible protein (PIP), and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG). Immunoblotting further suggested that degradation of PIP and ZAG is associated with erosion. Salivary microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V1-V2 region, Illumina) and showed that participants with dental erosion had a significantly (p < 0.05) less diverse microbiome than healthy controls (observed and Shannon diversity). Sequencing of bacterial mRNA for gene expression (Illumina sequencing) demonstrated that genes over-expressed in saliva from erosion participants included H + proton transporter genes, and three protease genes (msrAB, vanY, and ppdC). Salivary metabolomics was assessed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). Metabolite concentrations correlated with gene expression, demonstrating that the dental erosion group had strong correlations between metabolites associated with protein degradation and amino acid fermentation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that microbial proteolysis of salivary proteins found in the protective acquired enamel pellicle strongly correlates with dental erosion, and we propose four novel microbial genes implicated in this process. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Cleaver
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Health & Genomics, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Moazzez
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of The Pacific, San Francisco, USA
| | - Guy H Carpenter
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Bechir F, Pacurar M, Tohati A, Bataga SM. Comparative Study of Salivary pH, Buffer Capacity, and Flow in Patients with and without Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 19:ijerph19010201. [PMID: 35010461 PMCID: PMC8750732 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity has specific and individualized characteristics, with pH, saliva flow, buffer capacity, temperature, and microorganisms content influencing oral health. Currently, the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is constantly increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the saliva quantity at 5 min, salivary pH, and salivary buffer capacity in patients with and without GERD, necessary for establishing the correct dental treatment plan. A Saliva-Check Buffer (GC) kit was used for the determination of salivary variables. The total number of 80 patients included in the study were divided into a study group and a control group, each containing 40 patients. Saliva quantity at 5 min was lower in patients suffering from GERD. The salivary pH of these patients turned to acid values compared to the salivary pH of controls, where the values were within the normal range. In patients with GERD, the determined salivary buffer capacity was low or very low. The use of the Saliva-Check Buffer (GC) kit is a simple, easy, non-invasive and patient-accepted method, which can also be used in the dentist’s office to assess the saliva buffer capacity and pH, variables that are important for establishing a correct dental treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bechir
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh, Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Mariana Pacurar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh, Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adrian Tohati
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh, Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-751617021
| | - Simona Maria Bataga
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh, Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
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Bechir F, Bataga SM, Ungureanu E, Vranceanu DM, Pacurar M, Bechir ES, Cotrut CM. Experimental Study Regarding the Behavior at Different pH of Two Types of Co-Cr Alloys Used for Prosthetic Restorations. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14164635. [PMID: 34443157 PMCID: PMC8402223 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys are widely utilized in dentistry. The salivary pH is a significant factor, which affects the characteristics and the behavior of dental alloys through corrosion. This study aimed to evaluate the corrosion behavior in artificial saliva with different pH values (3, 5.7, and 7.6) of two commercial Co-Cr dental alloys manufactured by casting and by milling. Corrosion resistance was determined by the polarization resistance technique, and the tests were carried out at 37 ± 1 °C, in Carter Brugirard artificial saliva. After the electrochemical parameters, it can be stated that the cast Co-Cr alloy has the lowest corrosion current density, the highest polarization resistance, and the lowest speed of corrosion in artificial saliva with pH = 7.6. In the case of milled Co-Cr alloy, the same behavior was observed, but in artificial saliva with pH = 5.7, it recorded the most electropositive values of open circuit potential and corrosion potential. Although both cast and milled Co-Cr alloys presented a poorer corrosion resistance in artificial saliva with a more acidic pH value, the milled Co-Cr alloy had better corrosion behavior, making this alloy a better option for the prosthetic treatment of patients suffering from GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Bechir
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Simona Maria Bataga
- Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Elena Ungureanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (D.M.V.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Diana Maria Vranceanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (D.M.V.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Mariana Pacurar
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Edwin Sever Bechir
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (F.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-72-339-6969
| | - Cosmin Mihai Cotrut
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (E.U.); (D.M.V.); (C.M.C.)
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Kawar N, Park SG, Schwartz JL, Callahan N, Obrez A, Yang B, Chen Z, Adami GR. Salivary microbiome with gastroesophageal reflux disease and treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 33420219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of oral microbial composition on periodontal health and on systemic health has been, and is being established. The oral microbiome, in turn, can be altered by local and systemic diseases and conditions. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), has been associated with increased acidity in the oral cavity resulting in dental erosion, and controversially a reduced risk of periodontal disease. We hypothesized that presence of GERD was linked to a modified microbial profile in untreated GERD patients and that the use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs: potent disruptors of gut microbiome, in GERD patients might result in a salivary microbiome that is further distinct. Untreated GERD patients showed multiple differences in salivary microbiome as compared to healthy controls. Taxa found at lower levels related to the presence of GERD not treated by PPI included: Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella pallens, Leptotrichia, and Solobacterium moorei and thirteen others. In contrast, GERD patients chronically using PPI showed minimal differences in salivary taxa compared to healthy controls not using PPI.
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Yousefi M, Parvaie P, Riahi SM. Salivary factors related to caries in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2020; 151:576-588.e4. [PMID: 32718487 DOI: 10.1016/j.aime.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors of this meta-analysis aimed to assess saliva-related caries risk factors, including calcium and phosphate, hydrogen ion concentration, buffer capacity, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts, flow rate, and decayed, missing and filled teeth index in each trimester during pregnancy. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors searched electronic databases up to July 1, 2019. Eligible observational studies were included. The authors assessed the quality of the included studies by using the Joanna Briggs Institute scale. To estimate the effects of pregnancy, standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 1,230 pregnant women in the case groups and 715 in the control groups (nonpregnant women). The results showed that salivary calcium concentration decreased in the third trimester, salivary phosphate decreased in the second and third trimesters, saliva hydrogen ion concentration decreased in the first and third trimesters, stimulated saliva flow rate increased in the third trimester, and salivary S mutans count increased in the second and third trimesters. In addition, the results showed that saliva calcium, phosphate, S mutans, and buffer capacity amounts had changed from the first trimester to the third. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS In the third trimester, most salivary factors related to caries change and can increase the risk of developing caries in the future. Interventions and screening for caries prevention in pregnancy should start in the first or second trimesters.
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